ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka hoʻokele hoʻokele Fiat

60 mau makahiki o Centro Stile Fiat kahi kumu kūpono e nānā ai i kahi moʻolelo kū hoʻokahi

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka he hana hou ʻana o ka mōʻaukala - ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia ʻōlelo a Ernst Haeckel ua ʻike lōʻihi ʻia i loko o ke kumumanaʻo o ka evolution. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻopili piha i kēia i ka hoʻomohala automotive.

ʻAʻole e haʻi ʻole ʻo BMW marketing i nā ʻenekini mokulele i loko o nā genes o ka hui a ʻo ke kiʻi hōʻailona ke hōʻike nei i kēia, ʻoiai ʻo Mercedes haʻaheo e hana i nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa. Akā, pehea e pili ana i ka hui ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Fiat - ʻoiai ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kēia manawa i kahi māhele automotive, me Chrysler a me kahi laina o nā kaʻa māmā a me kahi hui ʻoihana e pili ana i nā kaʻa Iveco, Case a me New Holland mea mahiʻai, a me nā mīkini kai. I ka moʻolelo mua o ka hōʻailona, ​​​​i hoʻomaka ma ke kaona o Turin i ka makahiki 1899, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i nā mea hana e like me nā mīkini mokulele a me nā mokulele. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ka māhele mokulele o ka hui (Fiat Aviazione) i hana i nā mokulele ma waena o nā kauaʻelua, i ka makahiki 1955 ua kohoʻia ka Fiat G91 ma keʻano he tactical fighter e NATO, a ma lalo o ka inoa Fiat 7002 hūnā i kahi helikopter. Ua ʻike paha ʻoe aia nā locomotives me ka inoa Fiat.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ka hui kaʻa kaʻa Fiat, i kēia lā nona nā kaʻa kaʻa Italia a pau - mai Alfa Romeo a Copje, Maserati a me Ferrari, a me ka American Chrysler hou loa, ua paʻa loa i ke olaʻoihana o Italia, akā he hapa. o kahi hoʻoilina mōʻaukala waiwai ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Fiat i loko o ka genotype o ka Italia me kāna manaʻo kikoʻī. I kahi ʻāina me ka moʻolelo o ka Roman Empire a me nā pilikino e like me Leonardo a me Michelangelo no nā makahiki 119 i hala iho nei, aia ka paionia ʻo Fiat ma ke ʻano he pae kipi mau ʻole. A ʻaʻole wale ma kāna hāʻawi ʻana i ka huahana kūloko nui o ʻItalia. No ka mea he waiwai ka mana no Italia a me kahi ʻoihana i hāʻawi nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kaʻa holoʻokoʻa, me nā hana i hōʻole ʻole ʻia i ka hoʻolālā a me ka ʻenehana. Ua laki wau e kamaʻilio pū me nā ʻenekini Italia i mau manawa a hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo he ʻano kū hoʻokahi kēia. Hiki i kahi mea hoʻolālā Italia ke haʻi e pili ana i kāna mau hana me ka laulā, ka ikaika a me ka ikaika o kahi alakaʻi, me kahi ʻōlelo ʻenekini e kani ana mai ka hohonu o kāna kumu a me nā leo e like me ke mele o ka opera Italia. 1958, i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ko lākou Centro Stile, nā kiʻi i nā moʻolelo o Fiat, e hana ana iā ia ma ke ʻano he kaʻa mua o kāna ʻano ma ʻEulopa. Aia ma ke kiko o ka ʻuhane hana, hana pinepine ka hui me nā bureaus hoʻolālā e like me Froy, Pininfarina a me Giugiaro ma ka wahi Turin. A i kēia lā, aie mākou i ka Fiat's Centro Ricerce Technical Center (CRF) i kekahi o nā holomua waiwai nui o ka ʻenehana automotive, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā ʻenekinia ma Fiat, nona ka hale hoʻomohala i kēia manawa ʻo Fiat Powertrain Technologies a i ʻole FTP, ua aie ka honua i ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa maʻamau nā mīkini diesel a me Multijet ma hope, ʻo kā lākou hana ʻo ka mīkini diesel turbocharged mua me ka injection pololei, i hana ʻia ma 1986. ʻO nā mea i hana ʻia o FTP a i ʻole FCR ka mea ma mua, ʻo ia ka MultiAir hydraulic drive a me ka suction valve control system, T-JET petrol turbo engines, ka twinAir twin-cylinder engine mua loa, ka Selespeed automated manual transmission i ka hopena o ke kanawalu, ka ʻōnaehana mua. i ka makahiki 1980 nā ʻenekini a me ka hoʻoili ʻana me ʻelua mau paʻa TCT. ʻO ia ʻenehana kaulana i nā makahiki i hala iho nei o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kahua maʻamau no kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i hoʻolauna mua ʻia e nā ʻenekini Fiat me nā hiʻohiʻona 127 a me 128 i ka hopena o 60s a me 70s mua! A no ka pono o ka helu helu - Fiat mau paʻa i ka mooolelo no ke kaʻa me ka nui loa engine - ka neʻe 'ana o ka eha-paukū (!) Fiat S76 engine o 1910, i kapa 'ia ka "Turin holoholona",ʻaʻole hou a emi iki. ma mua o 28,3. , 300 liters, loaʻa ka mana o XNUMX hp pono. ma 1900 rpm a ua hoʻolālā ʻia e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Blitzen Benz ma nā koina āpau. Ua hōʻea i kahi wikiwiki wikiwiki o 1912 km / h i 290 a he kaulike kūlike i ka hana minimalist o nā hana a Fiat i hana kū hoʻokahi. ʻAe, ua hoʻomau pinepine ka ʻoihana Italia i nā ʻāpana waiwai o ka mākeke kaʻa i loko o kāna mōʻaukala, akā i ka hopena ua kūkulu ʻia a hoʻokumu ʻia kona ʻike maoli ma ke ʻano he mea hana i nā huahana hou a kumukūʻai hoʻi. ʻO nā mea i luna aʻe nā mea kupanaha loa o nā ʻenekini Italia - ʻoiai i nā wā paʻakikī loa o kona mōʻaukala, e like me ka ʻumi makahiki i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1970, i ka wā i haehae ʻia ai ʻo Italia a me Fiat e nā hahau, hoʻomau nā ʻenekinia a me nā mea hoʻolālā e hana i nā kaʻa. me ka uhane hiki ole ke pale aku. ʻOiai ma mua o ke Kaua Honua II, ka mea i hana i kona inoa i mea nui i ka ʻoihana kaʻa honua, ua hoʻolālā ʻo Fiat no kahi kaʻa aupuni. Ua hoʻokumu ka Topolino 500 i ka papa hana, akā me ka motika maoli o ʻEulopa i nā makahiki 1936 a me 50, ua hana nui ʻo Fiat i kāna 60s a me 600 mau hanohano, i haku ʻia e ka stylist akamai a me ka ʻenekinia ʻo Dante Giacosa, ka mea i hana ʻoihana no 500 mau makahiki. kāna ʻoihana ma Fiat. E like me ka waiwai o ka heluna kanaka, e hoʻomau ʻo Fiat i ka hana hou ʻana 1100, 1300/1500, 850, 124, 125, 128 a me 127, a he nui nā mea e hana ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻekolu e like me India, ka Soviet Union a me Bulgaria hoʻi, a e kōkua ... no ka hoʻokalakupua o nā lāhui holoʻokoʻa.

I ka mua o ka hoʻolālā, ʻenehana a me ka hana ʻana

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 20, ua kālele nā ​​luna hoʻokō o Fiat i ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā ʻano hana hana nui ma kahi mea kanu hou o Lignoto, a ma 1946 ua kipa lākou iā Chrysler e aʻo mai kona ʻike i ka ʻoihana kaʻa hou. Hōʻike ka mōʻaukala iā mākou i kekahi manawa me nā paradox ʻē aʻe - 70 mau makahiki ma hope, ʻo Chrysler i kēia manawa na Fiat. ʻO kahi haʻawina o ka mōʻaukala o Fiat ka hopena o nā dissertation he nui i hōʻike i ka hui ʻana o ka ʻenekinia Italia a me ka ʻuhane stylistic Italian, a me kāna hāʻawi kānalua ʻole i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka moʻomeheu automotive. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia wale ka hopena o nā hopena a me ka helu ʻana i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā he mea hohonu loa, no ka mea pili pono ka hoʻolālā ʻaʻole wale i nā mea hoʻolālā, akā i nā mana o nā kaʻina hana, ka ʻepekema o aerodynamics a ʻo ia ka hopena. o kahi hui paʻakikī. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia ʻuhane stylistic i ka mōʻaukala o Fiat - mai nā laina kahe o ka Art Nouveau a i ʻole nā ​​laina maʻemaʻe o ka rationalism o nā makahiki 20 mua, i nā ʻano hana me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā mea mua o ka aerodynamics o nā makahiki 30, ka liʻiliʻi o ke ʻano o nā makahiki 50, nā papa pālahalaha o nā makahiki 60. 70s a me 80s, kahi hoʻololi hou o ka hana i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki XNUMX.

(e ukali)

Kikokikona: ʻO Georgy Kolev