Nazario Sauro
ʻO nā moku Torpedo o ke ʻano PN, kekahi o nā pūʻulu hope loa, ua helu ʻia mai 64 a 69. ʻO nā moku i hana pinepine ai ʻo Sauro ma ke ʻano he pilo ua aneane like. Nā kiʻi o Lucy
ʻO ka submarine ʻo Nazario Sauro, lōʻihi i ka lawelawe ʻana ma Marina Militara, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mākaʻikaʻi mākaʻikaʻi moana o Genoa mai ka makahiki 2009 - ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka loko wai kokoke i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Maritime (Galata Museo del mare), ʻo ia kāna hōʻike nui loa. ʻOiai ʻo ia ka lua o ka ʻauwaʻa Italia, lawe ʻo ia i ka inoa a me ka inoa o kahi mea irredentist i hopu ʻia i 102 mau makahiki i hala ma muli o kahi huakaʻi kaua lanakila ʻole, a kū koke ʻo ia ma ka scaffold.
ʻO ka hana ʻana o ke Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa o Italia, i hoʻolaha ʻia ma Malaki 1861, he ʻanuʻu ia i ka hoʻohui piha ʻana - i ka makahiki 1866, mahalo i ke kaua ʻē aʻe me Austria, ua hui pū ʻo Venice, a 4 mau makahiki ma hope, ua hoʻopau ka hoʻopio ʻana o Roma i ka Papal. Mokuʻāina. Ma loko o nā palena o nā ʻāina e pili ana he mau wahi liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku paha ka poʻe kamaʻāina i ʻōlelo Italia, i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā ʻāina i hoʻokuʻu ʻole ʻia" (terreirdente). ʻO ka poʻe kākoʻo lōʻihi loa o ka hui ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina i manaʻo e pili ana iā Corsica a me Malta, ʻo ka poʻe ʻike maoli i kaupalena iā lākou iho i ka mea hiki ke lawe ʻia mai nā Habsburgs. Ma ka pili ʻana i ka pili ʻana o ka manaʻo me ka Republicans, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā kuʻikahi (i ka makahiki 1882, ʻo Italia, e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o Tunisia e Farani, ua hoʻopau i kahi kuʻikahi malū me Austria-Hungary a me Kelemānia) a me nā makemake colonial o Roma, nā irredentists. hoomaka e pilikia. ʻOiai ka nele o ke kākoʻo a i ʻole nā ʻaelike mākaʻi mai "ko lākou" poʻe, ʻaʻohe pilikia koʻikoʻi i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kākoʻo ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka palena, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Adriatic. ʻAʻole lākou i neʻe no nā makahiki, ʻo ke Kaua Honua Mua wale nō i hoʻonui i Italia ma ka uku o Trieste, Gorizia, Zara (Zadar), Fiume (Rijeka) a me ka peninsula Istrian. I ka hihia o ka moku Nazario hope, ua lilo ʻo Sauro i mea hōʻailona.
Ka hoomaka ana o ke ala
ʻO Istria, ka peninsula nui loa o ke Kai Adriatic, ʻo ia ka mea lōʻihi loa i kona mōʻaukala politika ma lalo o ke aupuni o ka Repubalika Venetian - ʻo ka mua, i ka makahiki 1267, ʻo ia ke awa o Parenzo (ʻo Porec, Croatia i kēia manawa), a ukali ʻia e nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe ma kahakai. ʻO nā ʻāina kūloko a puni ʻo Pazin hou (Kelemānia: Mitterburg, ʻItalia: Pisino) no nā haku feudal Kelemania a laila i ka mōʻī Habsburg. Ma lalo o ke Kuikahi o Campio Formio (1797), a ma muli o ka hāʻule ʻana o ke aupuni Napoleonic, ua komo ka peninsula holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hoʻoholo i ka makahiki 1859 ʻo Pola, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hema o Istria, e lilo i kumu nui o nā ʻauwaʻa Austrian, alakaʻi i ka hana ʻoihana o ke awa (ua lilo ia i kikowaena hana moku nui) a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lawe kaʻaahi. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka lanahu i loko o ka mine kūloko (ua wili ʻia nā kumu mua i nā kenekulia ma mua), a ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waihona bauxite. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻae nā luna o Vienna i ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Italia i ka peninsula, me ka ʻike ʻana i ko lākou mau hoa pili i ka Nationalists Croatian a me Slovene, e hōʻike ana i ka poʻe ʻilihune mai nā kuaʻāina, ʻoi loa ma ka hikina o ka ʻāina.
Ua hānau ʻia ka meʻe aupuni e hiki mai ana i ka lā 20 o Kepakemapa, 1880 ma Kapodistria (ʻo Koper, Slovenia i kēia manawa), he awa ma ke kahawai ʻo Trieste, ma ka wāwae o ka peninsula. No nā ʻohana mai kona mau mākua i noho ai ma ʻaneʻi no nā kenekulia. ʻO kona makuakāne, ʻo Giacomo, he luina, no laila ua mālama kāna wahine ʻo Anna i nā keiki, a mai ia ke keiki kāne (he kaikamahine pū kekahi) i lohe i kēlā me kēia manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka ʻāina maoli ma ke komohana komohana o Trieste kokoke. , e like me Istria e lilo i ʻāpana o Italia.
Ma hope o ke puka ʻana mai ke kula haʻahaʻa, ua komo ʻo Nazario i ke kula kiʻekiʻe, akā makemake ʻo ia i nā huakaʻi waʻa a i ʻole nā heihei waʻa e aʻo ai. Ma hope o ke komo ʻana iā Circolo Canottieri Libertas, kahi hui hoe waʻa kūloko, ua lilo kona mau manaʻo i radicalized a ua emi kāna mau helu. Ma kēia kūlana, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Giacomo e hoʻopau kāna keiki i kāna mau haʻawina ma ka papa ʻelua a hoʻomaka e hana pū me ia. I ka makahiki 1901, lilo ʻo Nazario i kapena a male ʻo ia, ʻaʻole i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai ua hānau kāna keiki mua, ʻo Nino kona inoa, no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i kekahi.
me na hoa o Garibaldi.
I ka hopena o ka makahiki 1905, ma hope o ka holo ʻana i ke Kaiwaenahonua mai Farani a hiki i Tureke, ua hoʻopau ʻo Sauro i kāna aʻo ʻana ma ka Naval Academy of Trieste, a hala i ka hoʻokolokolo a ke kāpena. ʻO ia ka "mua ma hope o ke Akua" ma nā moku mahu liʻiliʻi e haʻalele ana mai Cassiopeia a i Sebeniko (Sibenik). I kēia manawa a pau, pili mau ʻo ia me ka poʻe irredentists ma Istria, a ʻo nā huakaʻi i Ravenna, Ancona, Bari a me Chioggia he manawa kūpono e hālāwai ai me nā Italia. Ua lilo ʻo ia i Repubalika a no ka hōʻole ʻana o ka poʻe socialists i ke kaua, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kaʻana like i ka manaʻo o Giuseppe Mazzini i ka hopena o ka hakakā nui ʻole i ka Europa o nā aupuni kūʻokoʻa a kūʻokoʻa. I Iulai 1907, me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka hui hoe waʻa, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i kahi hōʻike no ka 100th anniversary o ka hānau ʻana o Garibaldi, i hana ʻia ma Kapodistria a, ma muli o nā slogans i hāpai ʻia, ʻo ia ka hoʻopaʻi no kāna poʻe komo. No nā makahiki he nui, e hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 1908, me kahi hui o nā mea hilinaʻi, ua hoʻopio ʻo ia i nā mea kaua a me nā mea kaua no nā koa kūʻokoʻa ma Albania ma nā moku holo like ʻole. ʻO kāna keiki hope, i hānau ʻia i ka makahiki 1914, ua loaʻa kēia inoa. ʻO nā inoa o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻo Anita (ma hope o ka wahine a Giuseppe Garibaldi), ʻo Libero lāua ʻo Italo, ua ala pū mai kāna mau manaʻoʻiʻo:
I ka makahiki 1910, lilo ʻo Sauro i kāpena no ka moku holo kaʻa o San Giusto ma waena o Capodistria a me Trieste. ʻEkolu makahiki ma hope mai, ua kauoha ke kiaaina kūloko e hiki i nā ʻoihana mokuʻāina a me nā ʻoihana o Istria ke hoʻohana wale i nā kupa o Franz Josef I. nā mea hana i pono e uku i ka uku a i hānai ʻia i Iune 1914, a hoʻokuʻu iā ia mai kāna hana. He mea pono ke hoʻohui ʻia ma ʻaneʻi mai ka wā ʻuʻuku mai, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Nazario e kahi ʻano huhū, e huli ana i ka impetuosity, e pili ana i ka adventurism. I hui pū ʻia me kāna ʻōlelo pololei a me kāna ʻōlelo kūpono ʻole, he hui hoʻohilahila ia, ua hoʻonāukiuki wale ʻia e ka manaʻo hoʻohaʻahaʻa iā ia iho, a ua hoʻopilikia pū i kona pilina me nā kāpena a me nā luna o nā laina ferry hoʻokūkū.
Ma hope koke iho o ka puka ʻana o ke Kaua Honua Mua, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Kepakemapa, haʻalele ʻo Sauro iā Kapodistria. Ma Venice, kahi i neʻe ai ʻo ia me kāna keiki hiapo, ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ia no Italia e lawe i ka ʻaoʻao o ka Entente. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā passport hoʻopunipuni, lawe pū ʻo ia a me Nino i nā mea hoʻolaha i Trieste a mākaʻikaʻi ma laila. ʻAʻole he mea hou iā ia nā hana naʻauao - he mau makahiki ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana i Venice, ua launa pū ʻo ia me ka hope kanikela Italia, nāna i hoʻouna aku i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻāpana imperial-aliʻi o nā ʻauwaʻa a me nā pā kaua ma kona mau kumu.
Lutanela Sauro
Ma hope koke iho o ka neʻe ʻana o Nazario lāua ʻo Nino i Venice, i ka hāʻule o 1914, ua hoʻomaka nā mana o Roma, e haʻi ana i ko lākou makemake e noho kūʻokoʻa, hoʻomaka ke kūkākūkā me nā ʻaoʻao kaua e "kūʻai aku" iā ia e like me ka hiki. ʻO ka Entente, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka blackmail waiwai, hāʻawi hou aku, a ma ʻApelila 26, 1915, ua kau inoa ʻia kahi kuʻikahi malū ma Lākana, e like me ka mea e hele ai ʻo Italia i kona ʻaoʻao i loko o hoʻokahi mahina - ʻo ke kumukūʻai he ʻōlelo hoʻohiki e hiki ai i kahi hui hou. puka ma hope o ke kaua. loaʻa, ma waena o kekahi, ʻo Trieste a me Istria.
Ma ka la 23 o Mei, ua malama na Italia i ko lakou aelike ma ke kukala kaua ana ia Auseturia-Hunegaria. ʻElua mau lā ma mua, ua hāʻawi manawaleʻa ʻo Sauro e lawelawe ma ka Royal Navy (Regia Marina) a ua ʻae koke ʻia, hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia i lutena a hoʻonoho ʻia i ka pūʻali koa Venetian. Ua komo mua ʻo ia i nā hana kaua mua ma ke ʻano he pailaka ma ka mea luku ʻo Bersagliere, a me kāna māhoe Corazsiere, ua uhi iā Zeffiro i ka wā i komo ai ka hope, ʻelua hola ma hope o ke aumoe i ka lā 23/24 Mei, i loko o ka wai o ke kahawai ʻo Grado. ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ke Kai Kūʻono o Trieste a ma laila ʻo ia i hoʻokuʻu ai i kahi torpedo i ka pā ma Porto Buzo, a laila kiʻi aku i ka hale kaua kūloko o ka pūʻali emepera.
