Pehea ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā kaʻa uila?

Manaʻo pinepine ʻia nā kaʻa uila ma ke ʻano he mau kaʻa pili kaiapuni. Akā, he ʻoiaʻiʻo paha kēia a i ʻole he mau mea pilikia?

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻokahi wale nō kumu i ulu nui ai ke kaʻa uila a he mea nui ia: ke kaiapuni. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hoʻopuka nā kaʻa ʻaila a me ka diesel i nā mea ʻawaʻawa. He mea ʻino kēia mau mea ʻaʻole i nā kānaka wale nō, akā i ka honua a mākou e noho nei. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, e like me ka nui o nā ʻepekema, nā aupuni a me nā hui, ke loli nei ke aniau o ko mākou honua, ma muli o nā mea ʻona mai nā kaʻa ʻaila a me nā kaʻa diesel.

Mai ka manaʻo pono, pono mākou e hoʻopau i kēia mau hoʻokuʻu. He aha ka manaʻo o ka poʻe he nui i kēia moʻolelo he hopena? Kaʻa uila. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻohe kinoea hoʻopau i kēia kaʻa, ʻaʻole e haʻi i nā kinoea hoʻopau. No laila, ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he kaʻa kaiapuni. Akā, pololei paha kēia kiʻi a he mea ʻē aʻe paha? E kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia ma kēia ʻatikala. E hoʻokaʻawale mākou i kēia i ʻelua ʻāpana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻokele kaʻa uila.

Ka hana

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kahi kaʻa uila ma mua o ke kaʻa kaʻa. No laila, manaʻo paha ʻoe e hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia kahi kaʻa uila i kahi ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Eia naʻe, he ʻoiaʻiʻo ka ʻokoʻa. Hoʻopili ia i kekahi o nā ʻāpana nui a kaumaha loa o kahi kaʻa uila: ʻo ka pākaukau.

ʻO kēia mau pākahi lithium-ion, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea i loko o kāu kelepona a me kāu kamepiula, no ka laʻana, ua hana ʻia i nā metala like ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lithium, nickel a me ka cobalt i loko o ia pākaukau lithium ion. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau mea mai nā maina, e hopena i nā hopena ʻino i ke kaiapuni. ʻO ke ʻano metala ʻino loa paha he cobalt. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia metala ma Congo, mai kahi e hoʻouna ʻia ai i nā ʻāina hana pākaukau. Ma ke ala, hoʻohana ʻia ka hana keiki i ka unuhi ʻana i kēia metala.

Akā, pehea ka pōʻino o ka hana ʻana i nā pila no ke kaiapuni? Wahi a ka hōʻike a ka International Council for Clean Transport (ICCT), he 56 a 494 kilokani o CO2 e hana ai i hoʻokahi kWh o ka pākaukau. Loaʻa iā Tesla Model 3 ka nui o ka mana pākaukau o 75 kWh. No laila, e like me ka ICCT, ʻo ka hana ʻana o kahi pākaukau Tesla Model 3 ma waena o 4.200 a me 37.050 2kg COXNUMX.

Knee

Nui kēia laula... ʻO kēia no ka mea e pili ana i ka hapalua o nā hoʻoiho CO2 mai ke kaʻina hana i kēia manawa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu. Ma nā ʻāina kahi, no ka laʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ikehu lanahu (Kina), ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā hoʻokuʻu CO2 i koi ʻia ma mua o kahi ʻāina me ka ikehu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e like me Farani. No laila, hilina'i nui ka 'olu'olu o ke ka'a i kona kumu.

Leʻaleʻa nā helu piha, akā hiki ke leʻaleʻa ke hoʻohālikelike. A i ʻole, i kēia hihia, e hoʻohālikelike i ka hana ʻana o kahi kaʻa uila āpau i ka hana ʻana o kahi kaʻa ʻaila. Aia ka pakuhi ma ka hōʻike ICCT, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā helu pololei. Ua hoʻopuka ka UK Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership i kahi hōʻike ma 2015 kahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻohālikelike i kekahi mau mea.

ʻO ka wehewehe mua: Hoʻohana ʻo LowCVP i ka huaʻōlelo CO2e. He pōkole kēia no ka like carbon dioxide. I ka wā o ka hana ʻana o kahi kaʻa uila, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kekahi mau kinoea hoʻopau i ka honua, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea e kōkua i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau ma kona ʻano ponoʻī. I ka hihia o CO2e, ua hui pū ʻia kēia mau kinoea a ʻike ʻia kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana i ka hoʻomehana honua i nā hoʻoiho CO2. No laila, ʻaʻole kēia ka hoʻokuʻu CO2 maoli, akā he kiʻi wale nō e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā emissions. ʻAe kēia iā mākou e hōʻike i ke kaʻa i hana ʻia ma kahi ʻano ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

ʻAe, e neʻe kākou i ka helu. Wahi a LowCVP, he 5,6 tonnes o CO2-eq ke kumu kūʻai o kahi kaʻa ʻaila maʻamau. ʻAʻole e ʻokoʻa ka kaʻa diesel mai kēia. Wahi a kēia ʻikepili, hoʻopuka kahi kaʻa uila āpau i 8,8 tonnes o CO2-eq. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o nā BEV no ke kaiapuni ma mua o ka hana ʻana o kahi kaʻa ICE. Nūhou maikaʻi no ka poʻe ʻoliʻoli: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kaʻa ʻaila hou ma mua o ke kaʻa uila hou. A hiki i ka hana ʻana i nā kilomika mua.

Kalaiwa

Me ka hanaʻana,ʻaʻole i'ōleloʻia nā mea a pau. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi o ke kaʻa uila, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hoʻokele manuahi ʻole. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu uila i mālama ʻia i loko o ka neʻe (ma o ke kaʻa uila) ʻaʻole ia e hopena i ka CO2 a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu nitrogen. Eia naʻe, hiki i ka hana ʻana o kēia ikehu ke hōʻino i ke kaiapuni. Me ka manaʻo nui i ke hiki.

E ʻōlelo kākou he mahiʻai makani a me ka hale o ka lā ma kou home. Inā hoʻopili ʻoe i kāu Tesla iā ia, ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻole i ke aniau. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia. E hoʻomau ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ke kaiapuni i ka paʻa a me ka paʻa. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kaʻa me kahi ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko.

Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻoe e hoʻopili i kēia kaʻa i loko o ka mains, e hilinaʻi ka hoʻomau i kāu mea hāʻawi ikehu. Inā loaʻa mai kēia ikehu mai ka hale mana kinoea, a i ʻole ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, mai ka hale mana lanahu, a laila ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana maikaʻi ana i ke kaiapuni. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo he "hoʻololi wale" ʻoe i nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka mana.

Kanaha pakeneka

No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kiʻi maʻalahi o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o kahi kaʻa uila, pono mākou e nānā i ka noiʻi mai BloombergNEF, ka paepae noiʻi Bloomberg. Ua ʻōlelo lākou ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā kaʻa uila i kēia manawa he XNUMX pakeneka ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka ʻaila.

Wahi a ka paepae, ʻoiai ma Kina, kahi ʻāina i hilinaʻi nui ʻia i nā mea kanu mana ahi, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā kaʻa uila ma mua o ka ʻaila. I ka makahiki 2015, 72% o ka ikehu o Kina i hele mai mai na mea kanu mana lanahu, e like me ka US Energy Information Administration. Hāʻawi ka hōʻike BloombergNEF i kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā ʻāina e loaʻa ka ikehu mai nā kumu ikehu hou. No laila, i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e emi wale ana nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai nā kaʻa uila.

hopena

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kaʻa uila no ke kaiapuni ma mua o nā kaʻa ʻenekini puhi ahi, maopopo. Akā, pehea ka nui? I ka manawa hea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Tesla no ke kaiapuni ma mua o Volkswagen? He paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo. Pili ia i nā kumu like ʻole. E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ke kaʻa kaʻa, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu, nā kaʻa e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ...

Lawe iā Mazda MX-30. He kea uila ia me kahi pākahi liʻiliʻi 35,5 kWh. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea maka ma mua o, no ka laʻana, he Tesla Model X me kahi pākaukau 100 kWh. No laila, e emi ana ka huli ʻana no Mazda no ka mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu a me nā mea pono e hana ai i ke kaʻa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele i kahi Tesla i lōʻihi ma ka uku pākaukau hoʻokahi, ʻo ia hoʻi e huakaʻi ʻoi aku ia ma mua o kahi Mazda. ʻO ka hopena, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōmaikaʻi kaiapuni o Tesla no ka mea ua huakaʻi ʻo ia i mau kilomita.

He aha nā mea ʻē aʻe e ʻōlelo ʻia: e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻa uila no ke kaiapuni i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ma ka hana pākaukau a me ka hana ikehu, hoʻomau ka honua i ka holomua. E noʻonoʻo i ka hana hou ʻana i nā pākahi a me nā metala, a i ʻole e hoʻohana i nā kumu ikehu hou. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi kaʻa uila ma kahi o nā hihia a pau no ke kaiapuni ma mua o ke kaʻa me kahi ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko, akā i ka wā e hiki mai ana e ʻoi aku ka ikaika.

Eia naʻe, he kumuhana hoihoi a paʻakikī kēia. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, he kumuhana hoʻi kēia i kākau ʻia a hana ʻia. Makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou aku e pili ana iā ia? No ka laʻana, e nānā i ka wikiō YouTube ma lalo e hoʻohālikelike ana i ka hoʻokuʻu CO2 o ke ola o kahi kaʻa uila awelika me ka CO2 hoʻokuʻu ʻia o ke kaʻa ʻaila.