ʻO Rudolf Diesel ʻeha

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia i Malaki 1858 a ua hana i kekahi o nā hana nui a ka ʻoihana.

Ma ka lā Valentine, Pepeluali 14, 1898, ua hōʻea ke keiki a kekahi Suedena, ʻo Emanuel Nobel, i ka Hotele Bristol ma Berlin. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne, ʻo Ludwig Nobel, ua hoʻoili ʻo ia i kāna hui ʻaila, ʻo ia ka mea nui loa ma Rusia i kēlā manawa. Ua hopohopo a hopohopo ʻo Emanuel no ka mea he mea koʻikoʻi ka hana āna e hana ai. Ma hope o ka hoʻoholo ʻana o kona ʻanakala ʻo Alfred e hāʻawi i kāna hoʻoilina nui, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi hui pahū nui a me kahi ʻāpana nui i ka hui aila like o ka Nobel Foundation āna i hana ai, ua hoʻomaka ka hope e loaʻa i nā pilikia kālā koʻikoʻi, a ua ʻimi ʻo ia i nā ʻano hoʻonā āpau. . No kēia kumu, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e kamaʻāina me kahi kanaka i ʻike mua ʻia i kēlā manawa ma ka inoa ʻo Rudolf Diesel. Makemake ʻo Nobel e kūʻai mai iā ia i nā kuleana patent e hana i loko o Rūsia i hana hou ʻia ʻo German economical combustion engine o Kelemania. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo Emanuel Nobel i 800 mau hōʻailona gula no kēia kumu, akā manaʻo nō naʻe hiki iā ia ke kūkākūkā i kahi ʻoki kumukūʻai.

Paʻa loa ka lā no Diesel - e ʻai ʻo ia i ka ʻaina kakahiaka me Friedrich Alfred Krupp, a laila e hālāwai ʻo ia me ka mea panakō Suedena ʻo Markus Wallenberg, a i ke ahiahi e hoʻolaʻa ʻia ʻo ia iā Emanuel Nobel. I ka lā aʻe, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ka mea panakō a me ka mea hoʻomohala hana i kahi ʻaelike i alakaʻi i ka hana ʻana i kahi hui ʻenekini diesel hou o Suedena. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kūkākūkā ʻana me Nobel, ʻoiai ʻo Diesel i ʻōlelo ai he "ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka Swede i kāna mīkini" ma mua o ia. ʻAʻole pili ka maopopo ʻole o Emanuel i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka mīkini - ma ke ʻano he techocrat ʻaʻole ia e kanalua, akā ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana ʻo ia e manaʻoʻiʻo ana e hoʻonui ka mīkini diesel i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana petroleum. ʻO nā huahana aila like i hana ʻia e nā hui o Nobel. Makemake wale ʻo ia e hana i nā kikoʻī.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole makemake ʻo Rudolph e kali a haʻi ʻole iā Nobel inā ʻaʻole i ʻae ka Swede i kāna mau ʻōlelo, e kūʻai aku ʻo Diesel i kāna palapala hoʻoholo i kāna hoa paio ʻo John Rockefeller. He aha ka mea i ʻae ai i kēia ʻenekini hoihoi e huli i ka Nobel Prize a kūleʻa a kūpaʻa i ke ala o nā kānaka koʻikoʻi ʻelua ma ka honua? ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi o kāna mau ʻenekini ke holo pono i kēia manawa, a ua kau inoa ʻo ia i kahi ʻaelike me ka mea hana pia ʻO Adolphus Busch no nā pono hana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Eia naʻe, ua hāʻawi kāna blackmail i nā hopena, a ua hana ʻia ka hana me Nobel.

15 mau makahiki ma hope ...

Kepakemapa 29, 1913. He lā kau maʻamau. Aia ka noe mānoanoa ma ka waha o ka Scheldt ma Nelani, a ʻo nā ʻenekini mahu o ka moku Dresden e halulu ana i loko o nā wahi paʻa iā lākou e hali ana i ka English Channel i ʻEnelani. Ma luna o ka moku ʻo Rudolf Diesel hoʻokahi, nāna i hoʻouna i kāna wahine i kelepono manaʻo optimistic ma mua koke o ka holomua o ka huakaʻi e hiki mai ana. Me he mea lā nō ia. Ma ka hola ʻumi ma ke ahiahi, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia a me kāna mau hoa hana, ʻo George Carels lāua ʻo Alfred Luckmann ua ​​hiki i ka manawa e hiamoe ai, lulu lima a holoholo i loko o kā lāua mau keʻena. I ke kakahiaka, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa iā Mr. Diesel, a i ka wā e ʻimi ai kāna mau limahana hopohopo iā ia i loko o ka lumi, paʻa pono ka moena i loko o kona lumi. Ma hope, ʻo ka mea holo, ka mea i lilo he hoahānau na ka Pelekikena Pelekikena ʻo Jawaharlal Nehru, e hoʻomanaʻo i ke ʻano o ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ke kāne i ke ala hao o ka moku. ʻO ka Mea Mana Loa wale nō ka mea ʻike i ka mea i hiki mai. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ka ʻaoʻao o Kepakemapa 29 i ka diary o Rudolf Diesel, ua kākau maikaʻi ʻia ke keʻa liʻiliʻi i ka penikala ...

I ʻumikūmākahi mau lā ma hope mai, ua loaʻa i nā luina Hōlani ke kino o kahi kanaka e make ana i ka wai. Ma muli o kona ʻano hoʻoweliweli, hāʻawi ke kāpena iā ia no ka pono o ke kai, e mālama nei i nā mea i loaʻa iā ia. I kekahi mau lā ma hope mai, ua ʻike kekahi o nā keiki kāne a Rudolf, ʻo Eugen Diesel, iā lākou no kona makuakāne.

I loko o ka pōʻeleʻele o ka noe e hoʻopau ai i ka hana hoʻohiki a ka mea nāna i hana i kahi mea hoʻonani nani, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ia ʻo "diesel engine". Eia naʻe, inā mākou e nānā hohonu i ke ʻano o ka mea pena, ʻike mākou ua haehae ʻia ʻo ia e nā kūʻē a me nā kānalua, e hāʻawi ana i ke kumu kūpono e ʻike ai i ka mana ʻaʻole wale i ka thesis i loaʻa paha ʻo ia i ka mea i loaʻa i nā luna Kelemania i makemake e pale i ka kūʻai aku i nā palapala palapala. ʻO ke aupuni Pelekāne i ka pō o ke kaua hikiʻole ke pale aku, akā ua pepehi ʻo Diesel iā ia iho. ʻO ka ʻeha hohonu kahi ʻāpana o ka honua i loko o kahi mea hoʻolālā akamai.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Rudolph ma ka lā 18 Malaki Malaki 1858 ma ke kapikala ʻo Palani. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka manaʻo chauvinist ma Palani i ka wā o ke Kaua Franco-Prussian i koi aku i kona ʻohana e neʻe i ʻEnelani. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa kā lākou kālā, a koi ʻia kona makuakāne e hoʻouna iā Rudolph ʻōpio i ke kaikaina o kāna wahine, ʻaʻole ia he mea kolohe. ʻO Diesel makua kāne ʻo ia ka Polofesa Barnikel kaulana, a me kāna kākoʻo ua puka ʻoi aku ʻo ia mai ke Kula ʻOihana (a laila ʻo ke Kula ʻenehana, i kēia manawa ke Kulanui o nā ʻepekema ʻepekema) ma Augsburg, a laila ʻo University University o Munich, ke loaʻa nei kahi diploma me nā hanohano. ... Kupanaha ka maikaʻi o ke tālena ʻōpio, a me ka hoʻomau ʻana e hoʻoikaika ai e hoʻokō i kāna mau pahuhopu e kahaha wale i ka poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā moemoeā o Diesel o ka hana ʻana i ka ʻenekela wela maikaʻi, akā ʻo ka mea hoʻohenehene, hoʻopau ʻia ia i loko o kahi mea hoʻoulu hauʻoli. I ka makahiki 1881, ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Palisa ma ke kono a kāna kumu aʻo mua, ʻo Professor Karl von Linde, ka mea i haku i ka hana a ka hau i kapa ʻia ma hope ona, a ua hoʻokumu i nā kumu no ko Linde pūnaewele hōʻoluʻolu o kēia lā. Ma laila i koho ʻia ai ʻo Rudolph i luna no ka mea kanu. I kēlā manawa, hoʻomaka wale nā ​​ʻenekini ʻaila, a i kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi ʻenekini ʻena hou. He mīkini peahi mahu ia, i haku hou ʻia e ka French Swede De Leval a me ka Englishman Parsons, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻenekini mahu.

I ka like like me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Daimler a me Benz a me nā ʻepekema ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e kūkulu i nā ʻenekini e holo ana ma ka ʻaila māhu. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike maikaʻi i ke ʻano kemika o ka wahie a me ke ʻano o ka puhi ʻana (nā pāhū pahū ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana). Mālama pono ʻo Diesel i kēia mau hanana a loaʻa ka ʻikepili e pili ana i kēia mau hanana a ma hope o nā anamanaʻo he nui i nele nā ​​papahana āpau i kahi mea nui. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia i kahi manaʻo hou i ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa mai nā ʻenekini paʻa ma Otto.

ʻEnekini wela kūpono

"Ma kaʻu mīkini, e ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka ea a laila, i ka manawa hope, e hoʻokomo ʻia ka wahie," wahi a ka ʻenekini Kelemania. "ʻO nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ka mea e hoʻopau ai ka wahie iā ia iho, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe compression ratio e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wahie." I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi palapala hōʻailona no kona manaʻo, ua hoʻopuka ʻo Diesel i kahi palapala me ka inoa ʻano leo nui a me ka hoʻomake ʻole "Theory and creation of a rational heat engine, kahi e hoʻololi ai i ka ʻenekini mahu a me nā ʻenekini puhi ahi i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa."

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā papahana a Rudolf Diesel i nā kumu kumu o ka thermodynamics. Eia naʻe, ʻo ke kumumanaʻo kekahi mea a ʻo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole maopopo ʻo Diesel i ke ʻano o ka wahie e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā cylinders o kāna mau ʻenekini. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻāʻo i ka ʻaila ʻaila, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēlā manawa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo ka hopena i ka pilikia - i ka hoʻāʻo mua ʻana, ua haehae ʻia kahi ʻenekini hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia ma ka mīkini mīkini ʻo Augsburg (ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ka MAN kaʻa kaʻa kaumaha), a ʻaneʻane pepehi ʻia ka mea nāna i hana. kenimika lele. mai kona poo. Ma hope o nā hoʻāʻo he nui ʻole, ua hoʻokō ʻo Diesel i ka holo ʻana o ka mīkini hoʻokolohua, akā ma hope o ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau hoʻololi hoʻolālā a i ka wā i hoʻololi ai ʻo ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hapa aila ʻoi aku ka nui, a ma hope i kapa ʻia ʻo "diesel fuel" ma hope ona.

Hoʻomaka ka nui o nā mea kālepa e hoihoi i ka hoʻomohala ʻia o Diesel, a ʻo kāna mau papahana e hoʻomaka ana e hoʻohuli i ka honua o nā ʻenehana wela, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokele waiwai o kāna ʻenekini.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻoia o kēia i ka makahiki 1898 i hoʻomaka ai ko mākou moʻolelo, ma Munich, kahi i wehe ʻia ai ka Machinery Exhibition, i lilo i pōhaku kihi o ka holomua hou o Diesel a me kāna mau ʻenekini. Aia nā ʻenekini mai Augsburg, a me kahi ʻenekini 20 hp. kanu ʻo Otto-Deutz, nāna e hoʻokuʻu i ka mīkini i ka ea. ʻOi loa ka hoihoi i ka kaʻa kaʻa i hana ʻia ma nā hale hana Krupp - he 35 hp. a hoʻololi i ka pahu hydraulic pump, e hana ana i ka jet o ka wai 40 m kiʻekiʻe. Ke hana nei kēia engine ma ke kumu o ka mīkini diesel, a ma hope o ka hōʻike, kūʻai nā hui Kelemania a me nā haole i nā laikini no ia, me ka Nobel, ka mea i loaʻa nā kuleana e hana. ka enekini ma Rusia. .

E like me ka mea lapuwale e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, i ka wā mua ua hālāwai ka mīkini diesel i ke kūʻē nui loa ma kona ʻāina hānau. He paʻakikī nā kumu o kēia, akā pili i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he nui nā mālama lanahu o ka ʻāina a aneane ʻaʻohe aila. ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai i kēia manawa ke manaʻo ʻia ka ʻenekini kaʻa kaʻa nui no nā kaʻa, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻohana nui ʻia ka wahie diesel no nā hana ʻoihana, hiki ke hana ʻia me nā ʻenekini mahu. Ke kū nei ʻo ia i nā mea hōʻino hou aʻe ma Kelemania, koi ʻia ʻo Diesel e launa pū me nā mea hana he nui ma Farani, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, Russia a me ʻAmelika. Ma Lūkia, ʻo Nobel, a me ka hui ʻo Suedena ʻo ASEA, ua kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia nā moku kalepa mua a me nā tankers me kahi ʻenekini diesel, a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia, ua ʻike ʻia nā submarine diesel mua ʻo Minoga a me Shark. I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua hana nui ʻo Diesel i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kāna ʻenekini, a ʻaʻohe mea e hiki ke kāpae i ke ala lanakila o kāna hana - ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka make ʻana o kāna mea hana. E hoʻololi hou ia i ka lawe ʻana a ʻo ia kekahi mea hou o ka wā hiki ʻole ke hana me ka ʻole o nā huahana ʻaila.

Maluhia Diesel

Akā, e like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, nui nā mea kū'ē ma hope o kēia façade nani loa. Ma kekahiʻaoʻao,ʻo ia nā kumu o ka manawa e hanaʻia ai nā hanana, a ma kekahiʻaoʻao,ʻo keʻano o Rudolf Diesel. ʻOiai ʻo kona kūleʻa ʻana, i ka huakaʻi i ka makahiki 1913, ua ʻike ʻo ia iā ia iho ua ʻaneʻane pau ʻole. No ka lehulehu, ʻo Diesel kahi mea hana akamai a hoʻoikaika i lilo i miliona miliona, akā ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hilinaʻi i nā hōʻoia o ka panakō e hoʻopau i nā hana. ʻOiai ʻo kona kūleʻa, ua hāʻule ka mea hoʻolālā i loko o ke kaumaha hohonu, inā i loaʻa ia ʻano huaʻōlelo i kēlā manawa. ʻO ke kumukūʻai āna i uku ai no kāna hana ʻana he nui loa, a ke hoʻomāhuahua nei ʻo ia e ka manaʻo inā pono ke kanaka. Ma kahi o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no kāna mau hōʻikeʻike, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i nā manaʻo existential a heluhelu "he hana paʻakikī akā ʻoluʻolu ʻole" (ma kāna mau ʻōlelo ponoʻī). I loko o kona hale noho ma luna o ka moku Dresden, ua loaʻa kahi puke o kēia ʻano akeakamai, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai kahi lipine hōʻailona kilika ma nā ʻaoʻao kahi i loaʻa ai kēia mau huaʻōlelo: "ʻO ka poʻe i hānau ʻia i loko o ka ʻilihune, akā naʻe, mahalo i kā lākou talena, ua hiki hope i kahi. kūlana i loaʻa iā lākou, ʻaneʻane hele mai lākou i ka manaʻo ponoʻī ʻo ke kālena ke kumu pono ʻole o kā lākou kālā pilikino, a ʻo nā waiwai waiwai he hapa obligatory wale nō. ʻO kēia mau poʻe hoʻokahi e pau i ka ʻilihune loa… "

ʻIke paha ʻo Diesel i kona ola ma ke ʻano o kēia mau huaʻōlelo? I ka wehe ʻana o kāna mau keikikāne ʻo Eugen lāua ʻo Rudolf i ka waihona kālā ʻohana ma ka home ma Bogenhausen, ua loaʻa iā lāua he iwakālua kaukani mau māka i loko. Hoʻopau ʻia nā mea āpau āpau me ke ola ʻohana keu. Hele ka makahiki ma mua o 90 Reichmarks i kahi hale nui. ʻAʻole lawe mai nā mahele i nā hui like ʻole i nā dividends, a lilo nā waihona kālā i loko o nā māla aila Galicia i hale paʻa lalo.

Ua hōʻoia ka poʻe o Diesel i ka wā ma hope mai ua nalowale kona waiwai e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ua like ʻo ia me kona ʻano haʻaheo a paʻakikī, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i manaʻo he pono ke kūkākūkā i nā mea me nā mea kālā. . He kiʻekiʻe loa kona manaʻo ponoʻī e kūkākūkā me kekahi. Hoʻokomo pū ʻo Diesel i nā kālepa speculative, a alakaʻi kēia i nā poho nui. ʻO kona wā liʻiliʻi, a ʻo kahi makua kāne ʻē aʻe e hana ana i ka ʻoihana hele wāwae ma nā mea liʻiliʻi like ʻole, akā ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻelele o kekahi ʻano pūʻali malihini, ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻia kona ʻano. I nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola ʻana, ʻo Diesel ponoʻī, ka mea i lilo i antithesis o kēia ʻano (ʻo nā kumu o ia ʻano hana ma ke kahua o ka psychoanalysis), ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu inā loaʻa kekahi pōmaikaʻi mai kaʻu mea i loaʻa ai. i ko'u ola ana. ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu inā ua hoʻomaikaʻi koʻu mau kaʻa i ke ola o nā kānaka. ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu i kekahi mea…”

ʻAʻole hiki i ke kauoha pedantic o kahi ʻenekini Kelemania ke hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻauana hiki ʻole ke wehewehe ʻia i loko o kona ʻuhane. Inā puhi kāna ʻenekini i kēlā me kēia kulu, e puhi kāna mea hana ...

Kikokikona: ʻO Georgy Kolev