Hiki i ke daimana ke haki i ka hamare?
Nā mea
ʻO ka daimana ka mea ʻoi loa ka paʻakikī o ka honua, akā naʻe me kēlā, hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia i ka hahau ʻia e ka hāmare.
E like me ke kānāwai, he ʻokoʻa nā degere o ka ikaika a i ʻole ka paʻakikī o nā daimana. ʻO ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o ka lattice cubic e pili ana i ka pae o ka ikaika. No laila, he mau wahi nāwaliwali nā daimana i ko lākou hale e hiki ai iā lākou ke haki me ka hāmare.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke wāwahi i ke daimana me ka hāmare penei:
- E koho i kahi daimana me nā hoʻokomo o loko a me nā hemahema
- E kau i ke daimana ma kahi ʻili paʻa
- Paʻi ikaika e paʻi i ka wahi nāwaliwali loa o ka lattice daimana.
E uhi au ma lalo nei.
Hiki i ke daimana ke haki i ka hamare?
ʻO ka paʻakikī e pili ana i ka hiki i kahi mea ke pale i ka haki ʻana mai ka hopena a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻana. Akā ʻae, hiki iā ʻoe ke wāwahi i ke daimana me ka hāmare. Hōʻike nā mea i lalo i ka nāwaliwali o nā daimana i ka haki ʻana a no ke aha e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke wāwahi iā lākou me ka hāmare.
Geometry daimana
Loaʻa ka ʻāpana daimana i ka cleavage maikaʻi, e maʻalahi ke haki inā kuhikuhi ʻia ka pā ma kahi kūpono.
Hōʻike ka ʻokiʻoki macroscopic o kahi daimana i kona palupalu. Pono e hoʻomaopopoʻia heʻano likeʻole ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika. He paʻakikī ka daimana, akā ikaika ka hāmare. Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī ke uhaki daimana me ka hāmare, akā ʻo kēia wale nō ke ala e puka aku ai inā ʻaʻohe ou mea ʻoki daimana.
Aia ka hale i loko o nā ʻātoma kalapona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kemika. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻātoma kalapona ma ke ʻano like a i ʻole nā hale lattice, a paʻakikī ke luku ʻia nā ʻātoma kalapona.
Ka helu o nā ʻātoma ma ka leo ʻāpana
He kūʻokoʻa ke ʻano cubic o ka lattice daimana no ka mea aia ka helu nui loa o nā mana a me nā mea paʻa i kēlā me kēia leo. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka paʻakikī o ke daimana. Hoʻonui ka lattice cubic i ka immobility o nā ʻātoma kalapona.
Pehea e wāwahi ai i ke daimana me ka hāmare
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, ʻaʻole ia he hana maʻalahi, akā hiki ke hana.
E hoʻohana i ka ikehu nui no ka hana ʻana i ka ikaika e haki i ke daimana. Inā ʻaʻole, e noho ʻole ka daimana. E uhaki kaua i ke daimana.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 1: E koho i kahi daimana maʻalahi e haki
Aia nā ʻano daimana like ʻole me nā pae like ʻole o ka paʻakikī a i ʻole ka paʻakikī. Hoʻoholo a hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka paʻa o kahi daimana, ʻo ia ke kumu nui i ka haki ʻana i ke daimana me ka hāmare.
No laila, e kiʻi i kahi daimana me nā inclusions kūloko a me nā hemahema e maʻalahi kāu hana.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 2: Ke koho ʻana i kahi Surface
Ke hoʻoholo nei i ka ikaika o ka hāmare a me ka paʻakikī o ke daimana, pono ʻoe i kahi ʻili paʻakikī e paʻi i ke daimana. Manaʻo wau e kau i ke daimana ma luna o kahi ʻāpana metala mānoanoa a i ʻole pōhaku. Ke kuʻi nei ʻoe iā ia.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 3: E kuhikuhi ana i ka hāmare
I mea e hoʻohua ai kāu mau hoʻoikaika ʻana, e kuhikuhi i ka pā i hoʻopili ʻia ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe i ka wahi nāwaliwali loa o ka lattice kūloko o ka daimana.
Nā memo: E mālama mau i ke daimana ma hope o ka hahau ʻana me ka hāmare. E like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, e nāwaliwali ka hahau ʻana inā paheʻe ke daimana mai ka pā hāmare. E hoʻopaʻa i ke daimana e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, a i ʻole e hoʻohana i nā ala ʻē aʻe āu e makemake ai e hōʻoia i ka paʻa o ke daimana.
Nīnau pinepineʻia
Ua like anei ka ikaika a me ka paakiki o na daimana a pau?
ʻAʻole. ʻO ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o ka lattice cubic o nā daimana e hoʻoholo i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika. Akā ʻokoʻa ka maikaʻi o nā paʻa kalapona-carbon ma muli o nā kumu climatic e like me ka mahana. (1)
He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī o nā daimana?
Hōʻike ka paʻakikī i ka maʻalahi o kahi mea i nā ʻōpala. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka ikaika a i ʻole ka paʻakikī e ana i ka nāwaliwali o kahi mea i ka hiki ʻole. No laila, paʻakikī loa nā daimana (no laila ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou e ʻoki i nā mea ʻē aʻe me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i nā ʻeha), akā ʻaʻole ikaika loa - no laila hiki ke haki ʻia me ka hāmare. (2)
koi
(1) paʻa kalapona kalapona - https://www.nature.com/articles/463435a
(2) kūpaʻa - https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/tenacity
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