Hiki i nā supercapacitors ke hoʻololi i nā pila ma nā kaʻa uila?

Hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia nā kaʻa uila a me nā hybrids i ka manaʻo o ka mea hoʻokele kaʻa hou ma ke ʻano he pōʻaiapuni hou i ka ulu ʻana o nā kaʻa. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā hoʻohālikelike ICE-lako pono, loaʻa kēia mau kaʻa i kā lākou pono a me nā maikaʻi ʻole.

Hoʻokomo mau nā mea maikaʻi i ka hana mālie, a me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka haumia i ka wā o ka hoʻokele (ʻoiai i kēia lā ka hana ʻana o hoʻokahi pākahi no kahi kaʻa uila e hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni ma mua o 30 mau makahiki o ka hana o ka mīkini diesel hoʻokahi)

ʻO ka hemahema nui o nā kaʻa uila ka pono o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka uila. E pili ana i kēia, ke hoʻomohala nei nā mea hana kaʻa alakaʻi i nā koho like ʻole no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ola o ka pila a hoʻonui i ka wā ma waena o nā uku. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau koho ka hoʻohana ʻana o supercapacitors.

E noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻenehana e hoʻohana nei i ka laʻana o kahi ʻoihana kaʻa hou - Lamborghini Sian. He aha nā mea maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole o kēia hoʻolālā?

Hou ma ka mākeke kaʻa uila

Ke hoʻomaka nei ʻo Lamborghini e ʻolokaʻa i kahi hybrid, hiki iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi ʻaʻole ia he mana ikaika loa o ka Toyota Prius.

ʻO Sian, ka mua o ka hui uila o ʻItalia, ʻo ia ke kaʻa hybrid production mua (kahi 63 mau ʻāpana) e hoʻohana i nā supercapacitors ma kahi o nā paila lithium-ion.

Manaʻo ka nui o nā physicists a me nā ʻenekini paʻa lākou i ke kī i ka neʻe uila nui, ma mua o nā pākahi lithium-ion. Hoʻohana ʻo Sian i kēia mau mea e mālama i ka uila a, inā pono, hānai iā ia i kāna kaʻa uila liʻiliʻi.

ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o nā supercapacitors

Hoʻouka nā Supercapacitors a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu ma mua o ka nui o nā paila o kēia au. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke kū i keu ʻoi aku ka uku a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā pōʻai me ka nalowale ʻole o ka hiki.

I ka hihia o Sian, kipaku ka supercapacitor i kahi motika uila 25 kilowatt i kūkulu ʻia i loko o ka pahu pahu. Hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i kahi hoʻonui hou aʻe i ka engine 6,5 horsepower 12-liter V785 i loko o ke ahi, a i ʻole hoʻokele i ka kaʻa haʻuki iā ia iho i nā maneuvers wikiwiki e like me ke kaʻa kaʻa.

Ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokomo i kēia hybrid i loko o ka paia a i ʻole ke kikowaena hoʻouka. Hoʻonui piha ʻia nā Supercapacitors i kēlā me kēia manawa ke palu ke kaʻa. Loaʻa i nā hybrids uila i ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka ikehu, akā lohi a kōkua wale i kahi hapa e hoʻonui i ka mile uila.

Loaʻa i ka supercapacitor kekahi kāleka pu nui loa: kaumaha. I ka Lamborghini Sian, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa - ke kaʻa uila me ka capacitor - hoʻohui wale i 34 kilokani i ke kaumaha. I kēia hihia, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana he 33,5 horsepower. No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka pākaukau Renault Zoe wale nō (me 136 horsepower) ma kahi o 400kg.

Nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o supercapacitors

ʻOiaʻiʻo, loaʻa nā supercapacitors i nā hemahema i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā pā. I ka wā lōʻihi, hoʻonui lākou i ka ikehu - inā ʻaʻole holo ʻo Sian i hoʻokahi pule, ʻaʻohe ikaika i koe i ka capacitor. Akā, aia kekahi mau hoʻonā hiki i kēia pilikia. Ke hana nei ʻo Lamborghini me ka Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) e hana i kahi hoʻohālike uila maʻemaʻe e pili ana i nā supercapacitors, ka manaʻo kaulana ʻo Terzo Millenio (Third Millennium).

ʻoio ka bst

Ma ke ala, ʻo Lamborghini, aia ma lalo o ka mana o ka Volkswagen Group, ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nō ka hui hoʻokolohua ma kēia wahi. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Peugeot hybrid i nā supercapacitors no nā makahiki, e like me nā kumu hoʻohālike hydrogen fuel cell Toyota a me Honda. Ke hoʻokomo nei nā mea hana Kina a me Korea iā lākou i nā kaʻa kaʻa uila a me nā kaʻa. A i ka makahiki i hala, ua kūʻai ʻo Tesla iā Maxwell Electronics, kekahi o nā mea hana supercapacitor nui loa o ka honua, he hōʻailona hōʻoia e manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Elon Musk i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

7 mau ʻike nui no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā supercapacitors

1 Pehea e hana ai i nā paila

ʻO ka ʻenehana ʻenehana kekahi o nā mea a mākou i lawe lōʻihi me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole i ka hana. Manaʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa ai, " ninini" mākou i ka uila i loko o ka pākaukau, e like me ka wai i loko o ke aniani.

Akā, ʻaʻole mālama pono ka pākaukau i ka uila, akā hoʻohua wale ia i ka wā e pono ai e ka hopena kemika ma waena o nā electrodes ʻelua a me kahi wai (maʻa mau) e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou, i kapa ʻia he electrolyte. Ma kēia pane ʻana, hoʻololi ʻia nā kemika i loko i nā mea ʻē aʻe. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, hana ʻia ka uila. Ke hoʻololi ʻia lākou, pau ka hopena - hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka pākaukau.

Eia nō naʻe, me nā pākaukau rechargeable, hiki ke hana ʻia ka hopena ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe - ke hoʻopaʻa ʻoe iā ia, hoʻomaka ka ikehu i ke kaʻina hoʻohuli, e hoʻihoʻi i nā kemika kumu. Hiki ke hana hou ʻia kēia i nā haneli a i ʻole mau tausani, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā poho. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, kūkulu ʻia nā mea parasitic ma luna o nā electrodes, no laila ua kaupalena ʻia ke ola pākaukau (maʻamau 3000 a 5000 mau pōʻai).

2 Pehea e hana ai nā capacitor

ʻAʻohe hopena kemika e hana i ka condenser. Hoʻokumu wale ʻia nā uku kūpono a maikaʻi ʻole e ka uila uila. Aia i loko o ka capacitor ʻelua mau papa metala conductive i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi mea insulate i kapa ʻia he dielectric.

ʻAno like loa ka hoʻouka me ka ʻānai ʻana i kahi pōpō i loko o kahi wili huluhulu e pili ia me ka uila uila. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā uku maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole i loko o nā pā, a ʻo ka mea hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o lākou, ka mea e pale ai iā lākou mai ka launa ʻana, he mea pono nō e mālama i ka ikehu. Hiki ke uku ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka capacitor i hoʻokahi manawa miliona me ka nalowale ʻole o ka hiki.

3 He aha nā supercapacitors

He liʻiliʻi loa nā capacitors maʻamau no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu - e ana maʻamau i nā microfarads (miliona farads). ʻO kēia ke kumu i hana ʻia ai nā supercapacitors i nā makahiki 1950. I loko o kā lākou mau ʻano ʻenehana nui loa, i hana ʻia e nā hui e like me Maxwell Technologies, hiki i ka hiki ke hiki i nā tausani farads, ʻo ia hoʻi, 10-20% o ka mana o ka pā lithium-ion.

4 Pehea e hana ai nā supercapacitors

ʻAʻole like me nā capacitors maʻamau, ʻaʻohe dielectric. Akā, hoʻokomo ʻia nā papa ʻelua i kahi electrolyte a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi ʻāpana insulating lahilahi. Hoʻonui maoli ka capacitance o kahi supercapacitor i ka piʻi ʻana o ka wahi o kēia mau papa a e emi ana ka mamao ma waena o lākou. No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻili, ua uhi ʻia lākou me nā mea porous e like me carbon nanotubes (ʻuʻuku loa a hiki i ka 10 biliona o lākou ke komo i hoʻokahi kenimika square). Hiki i ka mea hoʻokaʻawale ke hoʻokahi wale nō mole mānoanoa me kahi papa graphene.

E hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka uila me he wai lā. E like ka capacitor maʻalahi me kahi kāwele pepa i hiki ke omo i kahi nui palena. ʻO ka supercapacitor ka sponge kīhini i ka laʻana.

Nā Pūʻali 5: ʻOi a me Kūpono

Loaʻa i nā pākaukau kahi pōmaikaʻi nui - ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke mālama i ka nui o ka ikehu i loko o kahi waihona liʻiliʻi.

Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa iā lākou nā hemahema he nui - ke kaumaha kaumaha, ke ola liʻiliʻi, ka lohi lohi a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ikehu. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia nā metala ʻona a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe no kā lākou hana ʻana. He mea pono wale nō nā pākaukau ma luna o kahi pā wela haiki, no laila pono lākou e hoʻomaʻalili a wela paha, e hōʻemi ana i ko lākou pono kiʻekiʻe.

6 Supercapacitors: ʻOihana a me Kūpono ʻole

ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā supercapacitors ma mua o nā pākaukau, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola, ʻaʻole lākou e koi i nā mea pōʻino, hoʻouka lākou a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu kokoke koke. No ka mea, ʻaʻohe o lākou kūʻē kū i loko, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopau i ka ikehu e hana ai - ʻo ko lākou pono he 97-98%. Hana ʻia nā Supercapacitors me ka ʻole o nā deviations koʻikoʻi ma ka pae holoʻokoʻa mai -40 a +65 degere Celsius.

ʻO ka mea hemahema ka mālama nui ʻana o lākou i ka ikehu ma mua o nā paila lithium-ion.

7 ʻike hou

ʻAʻole hiki i nā supercapacitors ʻoi loa ke hoʻololi i nā pākeke i nā kaʻa uila. Akā he nui nā ʻepekema a me nā ʻoihana pilikino e hana nei e hoʻomaikaʻi iā lākou. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma UK, ke hana nei ʻo Superdielectrics me kahi mea i hoʻomohala mua ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā aniani kelepona.

Ke hana nei ʻo Skeleton Technologies me ka graphene, kahi ʻano allotropic o ke kalapona. Hoʻokahi papa hoʻokahi mānoanoa atom he 100 manawa ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ke kila ikaika, a hiki i ka 1 gram wale nō ke uhi i 2000 mau mika square. Ua hoʻokomo ka hui i nā supercapacitors graphene i nā van diesel maʻamau a loaʻa iā 32% ka mālama wahie.

ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole hiki i nā supercapacitors ke hoʻololi loa i nā paila, i kēia lā aia kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia ʻenehana.

Nā nīnau a me nā pane:

Pehea e hana ai ka supercapacitor? Hana like ia me ka capacitor kiʻekiʻe. I loko o ia mea, hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka uila ma muli o ka static i ka wā o ka polarization o ka electrolyte. ʻOiai he mea electrochemical ia, ʻaʻohe hopena kemika.

He aha ka supercapacitor no? Hoʻohana ʻia nā supercapacitors no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, hoʻomaka i nā kaʻa, i nā kaʻa hybrid, i kumu o ka manawa pōkole.

Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o ka supercapacitor mai nā ʻano pākahi like ʻole? Hiki i ka pila ke hana i ka uila iā ia iho ma o ka hopena kemika. Hoʻoulu wale ka supercapacitor i ka ikehu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia.

Ma hea kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka Supercapacitor? Hoʻohana ʻia nā capacitors haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā ʻāpana uila (hoʻopau piha ʻia) a i nā ʻōnaehana e koi ai i kahi helu nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana / hoʻoiho.