Hiki iaʻu ke wili i ka luawai ma koʻu wahi? (Jurisprudence and Geology)
ʻAʻohe mea i paʻi i ka ʻono a me ka maikaʻi o ka wai maʻemaʻe hou; He nui ka poʻe i hoʻoholo e makemake lākou e wili i ka luawai ma ko lākou waiwai, a i kēia lā e pane wau inā hiki iā ʻoe.
ʻO nā mea a pau. ʻAe, hiki iā ʻoe ke wili i ka luawai ma kou wahi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke ʻano kānāwai o ka ʻeli ʻana i ka luawai e pili ana i kahi o kāu waiwai. Hiki i kekahi mau kuleana wai ke komo i nā kumu wai ma lalo o ko lākou waiwai. Eia naʻe, ʻokoʻa paha lākou ma ka mokuʻāina.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke kaupalena ʻia ka ʻeli ʻana ma nā kūlanakauhale ma muli o nā mea haumia a me nā kahe i loko o ka wai.
Ma lalo nei mākou e wehewehe i nā mea e noʻonoʻo ai i ka wā e hoʻolālā ai e wili i kahi luawai ma kou wahi.
Nā mea pili kānāwai
ʻO ka nīnau nui loa e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi luawai pilikino inā he kānāwai.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hiki i nā mea waiwai ke kūkulu ma ke kānāwai i kahi pūnāwai wai pilikino. Aia nā kuleana wai maʻamau e hahai ai nā mokuʻāina a pau a ʻae ia. E aʻo hou e pili ana i kēia mau kuleana a me nā kumu kānāwai ʻē aʻe no ke kūkulu ʻana i luawai.
Nā kuleana wai honua
Pono kēlā me kēia moku'āina ma US e mahalo i nā pono wai like.
ʻOi aku ka pili o nā pūnāwai i ka wai o ka honua ma mua o ka wai ʻili, no laila e nānā mākou i nā pono wai o ka honua.
ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o ka mana piha
ʻAe kēia aʻo ʻana i nā mea nona ka waiwai e hoʻohana i ka wai o ka lepo i loko o kā lākou waiwai no ka lōʻihi o ko lākou makemake. ʻAʻole pili ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i kona hopena i nā aquifers ʻē aʻe i loko o ka aquifer hoʻokahi.
Nui nā mokuʻāina i nānā ʻole i kēia aʻo ʻana no ka mea hiki i nā ʻoihana ke hoʻomau mau i ka nui o ka wai me ka nānā ʻole i ka lako wai.
ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o nā pono pili
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pono correlative e loaʻa like i ka poʻe nona ka waiwai aquifer a me ka poʻe makemake e hoʻohuli i kahi wai.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia aʻo ʻana no nā wahi me ka wai liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻohana kūpono i ke aʻo ʻana
ʻO ka ʻōlelo hoʻohana naʻauao e pili ana i nā mea nona ka luawai pilikino.
Ke ʻōlelo nei kēia aʻo ʻana, hiki i ka mea nona ka waiwai ke loaʻa i nā wai āpau ma lalo o kāna waiwai, ʻoiai ke hoʻohana ʻia "kūpono".
ʻOkoʻa ka wehewehe ʻana o ka hoʻohana "kūpono" e ka mokuʻāina. Akā ʻo ke kumu nui o kēia ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai wai me ka ʻole o ka ʻōpala. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hale, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i loko a me ka māla, hāʻule ma lalo o ka māhele hoʻohana "kūpono".
He aha nā kuleana wai lepo e pili ana iā ʻoe?
Nui aʻe nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo wai honua, akā ʻo nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei ka manaʻo nui o ke kānāwai no nā pūnāwai pilikino.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pūnāwai pilikino e pili ana i ke Kumu Hoʻohana Pono. E mahalo ʻoe i ka hapa nui o nā kuleana wai inā ʻoe e hana i loko o ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻohana naʻauao.
E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke kānāwai o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi luawai pilikino e ka mokuʻāina āu e noho nei. E nānā i nā lula o kāu keʻena olakino a me ke keʻena aupuni e hōʻoia inā ʻae ʻia ʻoe e kūkulu i kekahi.
Pono nā ʻae a me nā laikini
Pono ka palapala ʻae no ka poʻe makemake e kūkulu i luawai.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke noi no nā ʻae ma o ka Mokuʻāina ʻOihana Wai a i ʻole Environmental Protection. Pono ka ʻae i ka ʻike e like me ke ʻano o ka pūnāwai i hoʻolālā ʻia, ka hohonu, ka nui o ka wai, a me ke kumu o ka pūnāwai. Hoʻolimalima kekahi mau mokuʻāina i ka uku no ka noi ʻana i kahi palapala ʻae.
Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻae maʻamau, makemake paha kekahi mau mokuʻāina i nā palapala hou a me nā ʻae kūikawā. E hōʻoia me kāu aupuni kūloko a i ʻole ke keʻena olakino no kekahi koi.
Pono kekahi mau mokuʻāina i laikini ma mua o ka ʻeli ʻia ʻana o ka pūnāwai.
ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia, ʻo ia ka pilikia o lalo o ka honua. ʻO kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hohonu loa o ka pūnāwai no nā limahana laikini ʻole e ʻeli. Inā makemake kou moku'āina i kahi laikini, ʻo ka koho maikaʻi loa ʻo ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i kahi ʻaelike laikini e lawe i ke kaʻina hana hana lua.
Hiki iaʻu ke wili i ka luawai ma koʻu wahi?
ʻO ka pae koʻikoʻi i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnāwai ʻo ia ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka wai o ka lepo.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kekahi mau wahi no ka ʻeli ʻana i kahi luawai pilikino ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka wahi maʻamau o ka waiwai he wahi hoʻomaka maikaʻi no ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā aia kahi wai inu wai wai ma kahi kokoke. Mai laila mai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i kahi kikoʻī e waiho ai i ka pūnāwai me ke kōkua o nā palapala ʻāina a me nā mea kālaihonua akamai.
E nānā i kahi o kāu waiwai
ʻO nā wahi kuaʻāina, ʻoi aku ma kahi kokoke i nā awāwa, he mau haneli mau kapuaʻi ka hohonu o ka wai lepo.
Aia kēia mau kumu wai, i kapa ʻia ʻo aquifers, ma lalo o nā papa lepo a i ʻole nā pōhaku moe. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka wai o kēia mau pūnāwai he maʻemaʻe a ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā kemika, e lilo lākou i kumu wai inu maikaʻi loa. Nui nā hale ma kuaʻāina nā pūnāwai e ʻohi ai i ka wai inu maʻemaʻe.
Hoʻohana nā wahi kūlanakauhale i ka wai paipu no ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka wai inu i ka wahi holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, paʻakikī ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi lako wai ma lalo o ka honua i ka waiwai o ke kūlanakauhale. Ua hoʻopiha ʻia ka wai lepo ma nā kūlanakauhale me nā kemika ʻoihana a me nā mea haumia no nā makahiki. Eia kekahi, hoʻopau pinepine ʻia nā kemika o ka hale (e like me ka weed killers) i loko o ka lepo wai.
ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka ʻeli ʻana ma nā wahi o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻOiai inā hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i ka wai lepo a loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻae wili e pono ai, pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i kahi ʻōnaehana mālama wai e wehe i nā kemika mai ka wai.
ʻOi aku ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waiwai ma nā kuaʻāina i kahi kumu hilinaʻi o ka wai honua a ʻae ʻia e ke aupuni kūloko.
E nānā i nā pūnāwai kokoke
ʻO ke ala maʻalahi loa e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mālama wai honua ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pūnāwai kokoke.
ʻO nā kumu wai, e like me nā aquifers, hoʻonui i nā haneli mau kapuaʻi. Nui nā kaiāulu a me nā ʻāina pilikino e hoʻohana iā ia no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā luawai. Ua ʻike ʻia aia ma kekahi mau kūlanakauhale ke kūkulu ʻia nei nā luawai lehulehu, kahi e hoʻopiha ai nā kānaka i kā lākou mau pahu i ka wai maʻemaʻe hou. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau pūnāwai he hōʻailona maʻalahi ia o kahi lako wai ma lalo o kou ʻāina.
Inā ʻaʻohe mea kokoke, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo e ʻimi i nā pūnāwai decommissioned.
ʻO nā moʻolelo anaʻi honua a me nā moʻolelo luawai o ke aupuni e hiki ai ke nānā i nā pūnāwai i hoʻohana mua ʻia. Aia i loko o kēia mau hōʻike ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hohonu o ka pūnāwai a me ka hiki ke komo i ka wai lepo. Hiki i kēia mau moʻolelo ke hōʻike iā ʻoe inā aia kāu waiwai ma lalo o ka pākaukau wai a me ka hohonu.
Hiki i nā mea waiwai ke komo i kēia mau moʻolelo ma o ko lākou aupuni kūloko ma ke kino a ma ka pūnaewele paha.
E kūkākūkā i nā palapala ʻāina a me nā poʻe akamai
E ʻōlelo kākou ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā pūnāwai kokoke loa. I kēia hihia, ʻo ka nānā ʻana i nā palapala ʻāina he ala maikaʻi loa ia e ʻimi ai i nā kumuwaiwai wai honua.
E ʻimi i nā palapala ʻāina honua a me nā palapala topographic o kou wahi. Hōʻike lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona honua o ia wahi, e pili ana i luna a me lalo. E nānā i kēia mau palapala ʻāina no ka hoʻoholo inā loaʻa i kāu waiwai ke komo pono i ka wai lepo.
Inā makemake ʻoe i ka ʻike kikoʻī hou aʻe a i ʻole e ʻimi nei i nā kumuwaiwai wai kikoʻī, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻopili i kahi loea loea.
Loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻike hou a pololei e pili ana i kahi o nā kumu wai honua. Hiki i nā poʻe loea honua ke hoʻāʻo i ka maikaʻi o ka wai e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka wai lepo.
Kaʻina wili luawai
E ʻōlelo paha ʻoe ua hōʻoia ʻoe i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka lepo, a ua pololei nā noʻonoʻo kānāwai a pau. ʻO ka hana aʻe, ʻo ke kūkulu ʻana i ka luawai.
He hana maʻalahi ka wili maoli ʻana o ka luawai.
Aia ka pūnāwai ma kahi hiki ke hele a maʻemaʻe ma ka waiwai. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pūnāwai mai nā mea haumia e like me nā peni holoholona a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolei ʻōpala. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, pono e loaʻa nā pūnāwai ma kahi o 5 kapuaʻi (1.5 mika) mai ka hale nui. Pono ʻoe e nīnau i nā alakaʻi alakaʻi aupuni kūloko no nā alakaʻi hoʻonohonoho luawai ʻē aʻe.
Hiki ke ʻeli ʻia nā pūnāwai me ka nui o ka wai ʻili, me ka moena pōhaku liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole ʻole. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōpala a me nā mea hana ʻeli mana maʻalahi e hana i kahi lua hohonu e hiki ai ke komo i ka paipu. ʻO nā pūnāwai i hana ʻia ma ka ʻeli ʻana, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka hohonu ma mua o 25 a 30 kapuaʻi (7.62 a 9.15 mika) a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "punawai papau".
ʻO nā pūnāwai i hiki i ka hohonu o 300 kapuaʻi (91.44 mau mika) a ʻoi aku paha i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā luawai hohonu". No ka hana ʻana iā lākou, pono ke kōkua o nā rig wili a me nā mea kaumaha ʻē aʻe. No kēia mau ʻano luawai, pono ka mokuʻāina i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe laikini.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi paipu pahu pahu i loko o ka luawai i ʻeli ʻia a i ʻole ʻia i mea e pale ai i ka haumia o ka lako wai.
Hana ʻia ke kino me ka Grade 40 PVS a i ʻole ke kila. ʻO ia ke anawaena o ka pūnāwai. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hull ma kahi me nā mea sima e like me ke kaʻa a i ʻole ka pālolo. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kānana i loko o ke kino e pale i ke one a me ka ʻiliʻili mai ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka wai.
ʻO nā ʻōnaehana pumping kekahi ʻāpana o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā pūnāwai hou. Hoʻopiʻi kēia i ka wai a hiki iā ia ke hele i luna o ka pahu a i loko o nā paipu. Hiki i ka mea nona ka waiwai ke koho ma waena o nā ʻume wai manual a i ʻole ka mīkini.
ʻO ka hope, ua pani ʻia ka pūnāwai me kahi sila maʻemaʻe. ʻO kēia uhi kahi pahu pahu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e pale aku i nā mea haumia e like me nā lau, nā inike a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe mai ke komo ʻana i ka luawai. (1)
E hōʻuluʻulu
ʻO ka pane pōkole i ka nīnau inā hiki iā ʻoe ke wili i ka luawai ma kou wahi he ʻae.
I ka ʻeli ʻana i ka luawai, nui nā ʻano geological, kānāwai a me nā ʻenehana. E hana i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka ʻāina o kāu waiwai a me nā kuleana wai hoʻoponopono i kou mokuʻāina. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻike i ka wā o ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi. (2)
Ke nānā ʻoe i nā manaʻo a pau, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai lepo kiʻekiʻe he mea wale nō ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnāwai.
E nānā i kekahi o kā mākou ʻatikala ma lalo nei.
- Pehea e ho'āʻo ai i kahi mea ʻike O2 me nā uea 4
- Ma hea kahi e pono ai nā mea hoʻoheheʻe hydraulic?
- Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka ʻeli ʻana i ka luawai
koi
(1) nā mea haumia - https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/observations/contam/
(2) hale hoʻokele honua - https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/geological-structure
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