ʻAila Minelala

Loaʻa i ka ʻaila mineral kahi kumu mineral, no ka mea, he huahana ia o ka petroleum kumu a hana ʻia e ka distillation o ka aila wahie. ʻO ia ʻike ʻia e ka paʻa ʻole o kona mau ʻano a me ka volatility kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā ʻaila mineral mai nā mea kanu ʻoihana.

Ma muli o ka maʻalahi o ka ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana i ka "wai mineral", ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai o ia mau ʻaila ma mua o nā aila synthetic.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā aila mineral i ko lākou ʻano maʻemaʻe maoli, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa nā waiwai lubricating pono wale nō i nā mahana "lumi" me ka ʻole o nā ukana kaumaha. No laila, i ka ICE hoʻohana wale ʻia me nā mea hoʻohui stabilizing, i mea e pono ai ka aila.

Hoʻohui ʻia ia mau mea hoʻohui i ka ʻaila kumu a kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka anti-corrosion, anti-wear, a me nā waiwai detergent o nā aila kaʻa mineral. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole ʻae nā hiʻohiʻona hana o nā aila o ka mineral kumu e kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻo ia e hoʻoheheʻe koke i ke anuanu, a i ka wā e hoʻolapalapa ai, hoʻopaʻa ia i ka ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko me nā huahana puhi. Ma muli wale nō o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona, ka aila mineral no nā kaʻa, ma kahi o ka waihona ponoʻī, aia ma kahi o 12% additives. Pono e hana ʻia ka ʻaila mineral kiʻekiʻe mai nā huahana petroleum maikaʻi a loaʻa kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

Ka hui ʻana o ka ʻaila mineral

"Wai mineral", i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he lubricant, loaʻa kēia haku mele:

1. Alkaline a me cyclic paraffins.
2. Cyclanes - 75-80%, aromatics - 10-15% a me cyclano-aromatic hydrocarbons - 5-15%.
3. He wahi liʻiliʻi o nā hydrocarbons unsaturated a me ka alkane.

Loaʻa i nā aila kaʻa koleke ka oxygen a me ka sulfur derivatives o nā hydrocarbons, a me nā pūhui tar-asphalt. Akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau pūhui a pau i ke kumu o ka ʻaila lubricating no nā ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko i ka nui i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei, no ka mea, hoʻomaʻemaʻe hohonu lākou.

Ma waho aʻe o ka waihona wai mineral ponoʻī o nā viscosities like ʻole, loaʻa i ka ʻaila kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa o nā mea hoʻohui, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana maʻamau, he pōʻino hoʻi. Ma muli o ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka wela kiʻekiʻe iā lākou, hoʻopau ʻia nā mea hoʻohui me ka wikiwiki, ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻaila i kona mau waiwai. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no nā ʻenekini kiʻekiʻe mileage.

No ka hana maikaʻi loa o ka ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻololi ʻia ka aila mineral ma hope o ka holo ʻana o 5-6 tausani km, a hiki i ka nalowale ʻana o kāna mau waiwai.

Viscosity o ka aila mineral

ʻAʻole wale i nā ʻaila mineral, akā i nā ʻaila ʻē aʻe (synthetics, semi-synthetics), ʻo ka viscosity ka mea nui loa. I loko o ka ʻaila ʻenekini, e like me ka hapa nui o nā wahie a me nā lubricants, loli ka viscosity me ka mahana (ʻo ka haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻaila e lilo i viscous a me ka hope). No ka hana maʻamau o ka ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko, ʻaʻole pono ke kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o kahi waiwai, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai i kahi ʻenekini anu i nā mahana sub-zero, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka viscosity o ka aila. A i ka wā wela, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai i kahi ʻenekini wela, ʻaʻole pono e wai nui ka aila i mea e hāʻawi ai i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni ikaika a me ke kaomi pono ma waena o nā ʻāpana ʻōpala.

Loaʻa i ka ʻaila ʻenekini kahi index viscosity kikoʻī. Hōʻike kēia hōʻailona i ka hilinaʻi o ka viscosity i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mahana.

ʻO ka index viscosity o ka aila he waiwai ʻole (he helu wale nō) ʻaʻole i ana ʻia i nā ʻāpana. Hōʻike kēia helu i ka "degree of dilution" o ka aila, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kēia index, ʻoi aku ka laulā o ka pae wela hana maʻamau o ka ʻenekini.

Kiʻi kinematic viscosity o ka ʻaila mineral me ka mahana.

I loko o ka mineral aila i mea ole viscosity additives, ka helu helu helu helu mai 85 a hiki i 100, a me ka mea hoʻohui mea hiki ke hiki i 120. A haʻahaʻa viscosity index hōʻike ilihune hoʻomaka o ka internal combustion engine ma haʻahaʻa ambient mahana a me ka ilihune lole pale. i nā wela kiʻekiʻe.

Maʻamau SAE, nā helu viscosity kumu (ʻano o) nā aila kumu mineral hiki ke: 10W-30, 10W-40 a me 15W-40. ʻO kēia mau helu 2, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka leka W, e hōʻike ana i ka pae wela e hiki ai ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻaila. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo kona viscosity, ma ka paepae wela haʻahaʻa a ma luna, pono e hōʻoia i ka hana maʻamau o ka kaʻa.

No ka laʻana, inā ʻo 10W40, a laila ʻo kona ʻano wela o ka hoʻohana ʻana mai -20 a +35 ° C Celsius, a ma +100 ° C kona viscosity he 12,5-16,3 cSt. No laila, i ke koho ʻana i kahi lubricant no ka ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻaila ʻaila mineral, hoʻololi ka viscosity inversely me ka mahana - ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka aila, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona viscosity a me ka hope. ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o kēia hilinaʻi ma muli o nā mea maka a me ke ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka aila.

E pili ana i nā mea hoʻohui ʻaila Viscosity

ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka ʻaila kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma waena o nā ʻāpana friction e pili ana i ka viscosity o ka ʻaila. A ʻo kēia, e pili ana i ka hana o ka ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko a me kāna kumu. E like me kā mākou i kūkākūkā ai ma luna me ka hilinaʻi o ka wela o ka viscosity, ua hui pū ʻia ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe me kahi mānoanoa nui o ka aila, a i ka emi ʻana o ka viscosity o ka ʻaila, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o ka mānoanoa kiʻi. No laila, i mea e pale ai i ke komo ʻana o kekahi mau ʻāpana (camshaft cam - pusher), pono ia e hoʻohui i nā mea hoʻohui anti-seize me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui viscous i ka "wai mineral", no ka mea hiki ʻole ke hana i kahi kiʻi ʻaila o ka mea e pono ai. mānoanoa i loko o ia hui.

Loaʻa i nā ʻaila mai nā mea hana like ʻole nā ​​pūʻolo hoʻohui like ʻole i kūpono ʻole.

Nā hiʻohiʻona hou o ka ʻaila mineral

Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻano kumu o ka ʻaila mineral, aia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe.

1. Tihi Flash he hōʻailona o nā hakina paila māmā. Hoʻoholo kēia hōʻailona i ka volatility o ka aila i ka wā e hana ai. Loaʻa i nā ʻaila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kahi kiko uila, kahi e kōkua ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aila kiʻekiʻe.
2. Helu ʻalekini - hoʻoholo i ka hiki o ka aila e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻakika pōʻino a pale i nā waihona ma muli o nā mea hoʻohui ikaika.
3. Kuhi kiko - he hōʻailona e hoʻoholo ai i ka mahana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka ʻaila mineral a nalowale ka wai ma muli o ka crystallization paraffin.
4. Helu ʻakika - hōʻike i ka hele ʻana o nā huahana oxidation aila.

ʻO nā hemahema a me nā pono o ka ʻaila ʻaila mineral

ʻO nā hemahema koʻikoʻi o ka ʻaila kaʻa mineral e pili ana i ka instability o nā ʻāpana i nā mahana like ʻole, a me ka wikiwiki o ka oxidation a me ka luku ʻana (burnout o nā mea hoʻohui i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe), e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole i ka hana o ka mīkini hoʻopau kūloko. AKA ʻo ke kumu kūʻai wale nō ka pōmaikaʻi.

ʻO ka ʻaila mineral, no ka hapa nui, hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā lubricants mechanical, ʻoiai nā ʻaila hydrocracking, loaʻa ma ka distillation a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hohonu me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi pūʻolo hoʻohui, hoʻohana pū ʻia e nā mīkini mīkini hou (no ka laʻana, Subaru) ma ke ʻano he lubricant no nā ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko. ʻO ia ʻaila mineral ka mea kokoke i ka maikaʻi i ka "synthetics", akā ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o nā makahiki, e nalowale ana kona mau waiwai. No laila, pono ʻoe e hoʻololi pinepine i ka ʻaila.

Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka mea hana kaʻa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aila ma ka palapala ʻenehana. ʻOiai e hoʻāʻo pinepine lākou e ninini wale i ka aila synthetic, ʻo ia kahi kauoha o ka nui ma mua o ka wai mineral, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai. He mea maʻamau ʻO ka aila mineral ka mea i manaʻo ʻia no nā ʻano kahiko o nā ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko, a i ʻole i nā ʻenekini me ka mileage kiʻekiʻe a i ke kau mahana wale nō. Hoʻoholo ʻia ke kumu kikoʻī e ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e ka pae maikaʻi.