McFREMM - E hoʻoponopono nā ʻAmelika i ka papahana FFG(X).
ʻIke ʻia o FFG(X) e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka frigate Italia FREMM. ʻIke maopopo ʻia nā ʻokoʻa a pili nui i ke ʻano o nā papa kiʻekiʻe o nā superstructures, kahi i kau ʻia ai ʻekolu antennas o ke kahua AN / SPY-6 (V) 3, kahi mast hou, e like me ka hoʻolālā i ʻike ʻia mai ka Arleigh Burke. ua hoʻonoho ʻia nā mea luku, rocket a me nā mea kaua.
Ma ʻApelila 30, ua hoʻopau ka US Department of Defense i kahi makana honua no ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻoihana ʻoihana e hoʻolālā a kūkulu i kahi hanauna hou o nā missile frigates, i kapa ʻia ʻo FFG (X), no ka US Navy. ʻO kēia papahana, i hoʻopau ʻia e ka hana nui ʻana o nā mana hope o nā mea luku missile Arleigh Burke, ke hana ʻia nei ma kahi ʻano ʻAmelika maoli. ʻO ka hoʻoholo ponoʻī he mea kupanaha, no ka mea, ʻo ke kumu no ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka platform FFG (X) e hiki mai ana ka mana Italia o ka European multi-purpose frigate FREMM.
ʻO ka hoʻoholo FFG(X), i manaʻo ʻia i ka hapa mua o kēia makahiki, ʻo ia ka hopena o kahi papahana hōʻike - no nā mea maoli o kēia lā. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka ʻoluʻolu no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana kikoʻī ma kahi frigate missile hanauna hou e ka Ministry of Defense ma Nowemapa 7, 2017, a ma Pepeluali 16, 2018, ua kau inoa ʻia nā ʻaelike me ʻelima mau mea noi. Ua loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o lākou ka palena kiʻekiʻe o $ 21,4 miliona e hoʻomākaukau i nā palapala e pono ai a hiki i ka mea kūʻai aku ke koho hope loa o ke kahua. Ma muli o nā pono hana, a me nā koina, ua haʻalele nā ʻAmelika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi hoʻonohonoho hou. Pono nā mea komo e hoʻokumu i kā lākou mau manaʻo ma luna o nā hale e kū nei.
ʻO kekahi hoʻolālā o ka Old Continent i ka hoʻokūkū no ka FFG (X) platform ʻo ia ka frigate Spanish Álvaro de Bazán, i hōʻike ʻia e General Dynamics Bath Iron Works. I kēia hihia, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea like, ʻo ia ka hopena o kahi ʻōnaehana kaua i kau ʻia e ka mea kūʻai.
Aia ka papa inoa o nā mea hoʻokūkū i kēia mau hui:
- Austal USA (alakaʻi, moku moku), General Dynamics (combat systems integrator, design agent), platform - he papahana i hoʻololi ʻia o kahi moku multi-purpose o ka LCS Indenpedence type;
- Fincantieri Marinette Marine (alakaʻi, moku moku), Gibbs & Cox (mea hoʻolālā), Lockheed Martin (combat systems integrator), platform - FREMM-type frigate i hoʻololi ʻia i nā koi ʻAmelika;
- General Dynamics Bath Iron Works (alakaʻi, moku moku), Raytheon (combat systems integrator), Navantia (project provider), platform - Álvaro de Bazán-class frigate i hoʻololi ʻia i nā koi ʻAmelika;
- Huntington Ingalls Industries (alakaʻi, moku moku), paepae - hoʻololi ʻia ka moku kiaʻi nui Legend;
- ʻO Lockheed Martin (alakaʻi), Gibbs & Cox (mea hoʻolālā), Marinette Marine (shipyard), platform - hoʻololi ʻia ʻo Freedom-class LCS multi-purpose moku.
ʻO ka mea mahalo, ma 2018, ke koho o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka German thyssenkrupp Marine Systems ma ke ʻano he kahua no ka papahana MEKO A200, a me ka British BAE Systems Type 26 (i kēia manawa i loaʻa nā kauoha ma UK, Kanada a me Australia) a me Iver Huitfield Odense Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo Maritime Technology me ke kākoʻo o ke aupuni Denemaka.
Hoʻokumu ka hoʻokūkū ma ka papahana FFG(X) i kahi kūlana hoihoi. ʻO nā hoa papahana LCS (Lockheed Martin lāua ʻo Fincantieri Marinette Marine) e kūkulu ana i ke Kūʻokoʻa a me kāna ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka Multi-Mission Surface Combatant no Saudi Arabia (ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ka papa Saud) i kū kekahi ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā pā. Hiki paha i kēia kūlana - ʻaʻole pono no ka mea kūʻai aku - ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu i alakaʻi ʻia i ka wehe ʻana o ka hui Lockheed Martin mai ka hoʻokūkū, i hoʻolaha ʻia ma Mei 28, 2019. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻanuʻu, ʻo ia ka nānā ʻana i nā koi o ke Keʻena ʻOihana, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia e kahi mana nui o nā moku Freedom-class. ʻOiai naʻe, ʻaʻole i nalowale ʻo Lockheed Martin i ke kūlana sub-supplier i ka papahana FFG(X), no ka mea, ua koho ʻia e ka US Navy ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolako i nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana e hoʻolako ʻia e nā ʻāpana hou.
ʻO ka hope loa, ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka Ministry of Defense ma ʻApelila 30, 2020, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka lanakila iā Fincantieri Marinette Marine. ʻO ka hale moku ma Marinette, Wisconsin, he lālā o ka Manitowoc Marine Group, ua kūʻai ʻia mai ia e ka mea hana moku Italia ʻo Fincantieri i 2009. Ua kakau inoa ia he $795,1 miliona aelike maʻamau ma ʻApelila no ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi frigate prototype, ka FFG(X). Eia kekahi, aia nā koho no nā ʻāpana ʻeiwa ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana e hoʻonui i ka waiwai o ka ʻaelike i $ 5,5 biliona. Pono e hoʻopau ʻia nā hana a pau, me nā koho a hiki i Mei 2035. Pono e hoʻomaka ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka moku mua i ʻApelila 2022, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kāna hana no ʻApelila 2026.
ʻOiai e pōmaikaʻi kekahi o lākou mai ka manawa e ʻae ʻia ai nā hui ʻē aʻe e komo, ʻo ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo a ke Keʻena ʻo Defence i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. I ka moʻolelo o ka US Navy, he mau hihia liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā moku i hoʻolālā ʻia ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, akā pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hui ʻana o US-Italian i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ma 1991-1995, ma nā hale hana o Litton Avondale Industries ma New Orleans a me Intermarine USA ma Savannah, 12 Osprey composite mine luku i kūkulu ʻia e like me ka papahana o nā ʻāpana Italia o ka ʻano Lerici, i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka hale moku Intermarine ma Sarzana kokoke i La Spezia. . Ua lawelawe lākou a hiki i 2007, a laila ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hapalua o lākou, a kūʻai pālua ʻia i Helene, ʻAigupita a me ka Repubalika o Kina.
ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻaʻohe o nā hui nalo i koho e waiho i kahi hoʻopiʻi me ka US Government Accountability Office (GAO). 'O ia ho'i, aia ke kūlana ki'eki'e e ho'okō 'ia ka papa hana hana prototype. Wahi a ka ʻike mai nā poʻe e pili ana me ke Kakauolelo o ka Navy (SECNAV) Richard W. Spencer, i kāpae ʻia ma Nowemapa 24, 2019, pono e kapa ʻia ka prototype o ka hui ʻo USS Agility a loaʻa ka helu tactical FFG 80. Akā, pono mākou e kali. no ka ʻike kūhelu no kēia kumuhana.
Nā moku moku hou no ka US Navy
ʻO ke kauoha no kahi ʻano moku ukali hou mai ka US Navy ʻo ia ka hopena o nā loiloi i hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻole i kūleʻa loa ka hoʻokolohua me nā moku multi-purpose reconfigurable LCS (Littoral Combat Ships). ʻO ka hope loa, e like me ka hoʻoholo a ke Kuhina o ka Puʻukū, e hoʻopau ʻia kā lākou kūkulu ʻana ma nā ʻāpana 32 (16 o nā ʻano ʻelua), a ʻo 28 wale nō ka lawelawe. , Independence, Fort Worth a me Coronado , "hoʻokuʻuʻia" i ke kuleana o nā'āpana i hana i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohalaʻana) a hāʻawi iā lākou i nā hoa pili, no ka laʻana, ma o ke kaʻina hana no nā ʻatikala pale nui (EDA).
ʻO ke kumu o kēia, ʻo ia nā ʻike hana, ka mea i ʻōlelo maopopo ʻole ʻaʻole hiki i ka LCS ke hoʻokō kūʻokoʻa i nā mikiona kaua i ka wā o kahi hakakā holoʻokoʻa (manaʻo ʻia, no ka laʻana, ma ka Hikina Hikina), a me ka nui o ka nui. o na moku luku papa Arleigh-Burke e pono e hoonui ia. Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka papahana FFG (X), hoʻolālā ka US Navy e loaʻa i nā frigates missile hou he 20. E kūʻai ʻia nā mea mua ʻelua ma o ka waihona kālā FY2020-2021, a mai 2022, e ʻae ke kaʻina kālā no ke kūkulu ʻana i ʻelua mau ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Wahi a ka hoʻolālā kumu, i huki ʻia i ka manawa o ka paʻi ʻana o ka waihona kālā no 2019, i ka manawa mua e manaʻo ʻia e hāʻawi ʻia (ma ke ʻano) i nā kumu ma nā kahakai hikina a me ke komohana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻokipa ʻia ʻelua o lākou ma Iapana.
ʻO ka hana nui o ka FFG(X) ʻo ia ke alakaʻi i nā hana kūʻokoʻa ma nā kai moana a me nā kai kai, a me nā hana i nā hui aupuni a me nā hui hui. No kēia kumu, ʻo kā lākou mau hana: ka pale ʻana i nā convoy, ka hakakā ʻana i ka ʻili a me nā pahu i lalo o ka wai, a ʻo ka mea hope, ka hiki ke hoʻopau i nā hoʻoweliweli asymmetric.
Pono nā Frigates e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā LCS liʻiliʻi a me nā mea luku. E kū lākou i ko lākou wahi i ka hoʻolālā ʻauwaʻa ma hope o nā ʻāpana hope loa o kēia papa - ka papa Oliver Hazard Perry, i hoʻopau i kā lākou lawelawe ma ka US Navy ma 2015. Pono e hoʻokūpaʻaʻia e pili ana ka papahana pahuhopu i kahi kauoha o nā'āpana 20, akā i kēia makahiki ua māheleʻia iʻelua mau māhele o ka 10. Malia pahaʻo ia hoʻi, i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana e hoʻolaha ke Kuhina o ka Puʻukū i kahi makanaʻelua e koho ai i kahi mea hoʻolako'ē aʻe. nā frigates i koe o ka papahana hou a i ʻole kekahi mea hana ʻaelike no nā moku i ka papahana Fincantieri/Gibbs & Cox.
FREMM hou ʻAmelika
Ua hāpai ka hoʻoholo o ʻApelila i kahi nīnau kumu - pehea ke ʻano o nā frigates FFG(X)? Mahalo i ke kulekele ākea o nā mana o ʻAmelika, e hoʻopuka ana i nā hōʻike e pili ana i nā papahana hou o nā pūʻali koa, ua ʻike mua ʻia kekahi ʻike i ka lehulehu. I ka hihia o nā māhele i wehewehe ʻia, ʻo ka palapala koʻikoʻi ka hōʻike a ka US Congress o Mei 4, 2020.
E hoʻokumu ʻia nā frigates FFG(X) i nā hoʻonā i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka mana Italia o ke ʻano FREMM. E loaʻa iā lākou ka lōʻihi o 151,18 m, kahi ākea o 20 m a me kahi kikoʻī o 7,31 m. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana ma 7400 tons (ma ke ʻano o ka OH Perry type - 4100 tons). 'O ia ho'i, e 'oi aku ka nui o lākou ma mua o nā protoplasts, e ana ana he 144,6 m a ho'one'e i nā tona he 6700. Hō'ike nō ho'i nā hi'ohi'ona i ka loa'a 'ole o kahi pu'upu'u e uhi ana i ka antenna sonar hull. No ka huki ʻana paha o nā ʻōnaehana sonar nui. E ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui, ʻo ia hoʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea uila like ʻole a me nā ʻōnaehana, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kikowaena radar nui.
E hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele o nā ʻāpana me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe kūloko CODLAG (hui ʻia ka diesel-electric a me ke kinoea), e ʻae i ka wikiwiki o ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 26 knots ke hoʻāla ʻia ka turbine kinoea a me nā kaʻa uila ʻelua. I ka hihia o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻokele waiwai wale nō ma nā kaʻa uila, pono ia ma luna o nā knots 16. ʻO ka pono kūpono o ka ʻōnaehana CODLAG ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka walaʻau i hana ʻia i ka wā e hoʻokele ai i nā kaʻa uila, he mea nui ia i ka wā e ʻimi ai a hakakā i nā submarines. . Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka huakaʻi huakaʻi ma ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokele waiwai o 16 knots ma 6000 nautical mile me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana i ke kai.
