ʻAila no nā ʻenekini diesel
Nā mea
ʻOkoʻa ka aila no nā ʻenekini diesel mai nā wai like ʻole no nā ʻāpana ʻaila. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o kā lākou hana, a me nā kūlana e hana ai ka lubricant. ʻo ia hoʻi, e holo ana ka ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko diesel ma nā wela haʻahaʻa, hoʻohana i ka hui ʻana o ka wahie-ea, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o nā kaʻina hana o ka hui ʻana a me ka puhi ʻana. No laila, pono e loa'a i ka 'aila diesel kekahi mau 'ano a me nā waiwai, a mākou e kama'ilio ai ma kēia 'atikala.
Pehea e koho ai i ka aila engine diesel
Ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka aila, pono e noho pōkole i nā kūlana i koi ʻia e hana. ʻO ka mea mua, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole pau loa ka wahie i ka ICE diesel, e waiho ana i ka nui o ka soot ma muli o ka puhi ʻana. A inā he maikaʻi ʻole ka wahie diesel a loaʻa ka nui o ka sulfur, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huahana hoʻopau i ka ʻaila.
No ka mea ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kaomi ʻana i ka mīkini diesel, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kinoea crankcase i nā mea nui, a ʻaʻole e hoʻokō mau ka ventila kūpono iā lākou. ʻO kēia ke kumu pololei i ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka ʻaila ʻenekini diesel, nalowale i kāna mau mea pale a me ka detergent, a me ka oxidizes.
Nui nā ʻāpana e pono e noʻonoʻo ai ka mea kaʻa i ke koho ʻana i kahi lubricant. ʻEkolu mau mea like ʻano nui o ka ʻaila ʻenekini:
- maikaʻi - ua wehewehe ʻia nā koi ma ka papa helu API / ACEA / ILSAC;
- viscosity - e like me ke kūlana SAE;
- ʻO ke kumu o kaʻaila he mineral, synthetic a semi-synthetic paha.
Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike pili ma ka ʻeke ʻaila. Eia nō naʻe, i ka manawa like, pono e ʻike ka mea nona ka kaʻa i nā koi a ka mea hana kaʻa e hana ai no ke koho ʻana i kahi wai me nā palena kūpono.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻaila ʻenekini diesel
a laila e nānā pono mākou i nā ʻāpana i helu ʻia i mea e alakaʻi ʻia ai ka mea hoihoi kaʻa e lākou i ke kūʻai ʻana a koho i ka lubricant i kūpono loa no ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko o kahi kaʻa.
ʻAno ʻaila
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ua kuhikuhi ʻia e nā kūlana honua API, ACEA a me ILSAC. ʻO ka maʻamau mua, ʻo nā hōʻailona "C" a me "S" he mau hōʻailona ia o ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko i manaʻo ʻia no ka lubricant. No laila, 'o ka hua'ōlelo "C" 'o ia ho'i, ua ho'olālā 'ia no nā engines diesel. A inā "S" - a laila no ka ʻaila. Aia kekahi ʻano ʻaila o ka honua, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hōʻoia e like me S / C. Ma keʻano maʻamau, i ka pōʻaiapili o kēiaʻatikala, e hoihoi mākou i nāʻaila mai ka māhele mua.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko, aia kahi decoding kikoʻī o ka māka. No nā ʻenekini diesel e like me kēia:
- ʻO nā leka CC e hōʻike ʻaʻole wale i ke kumu "diesel" o ka aila, akā pono pū nā ʻenekini i ka lewa, a i ʻole me ka hoʻonui haʻahaʻa;
- ʻO CD a i ʻole CE nā ʻaila diesel hoʻoikaika kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia ma mua a ma hope o 1983, kēlā me kēia;
- CF-4 - i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā ʻenekini 4-stroke i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma hope o 1990;
- CG-4 - nā aila hanauna hou, no nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia ma hope o 1994;
- CD-11 a i ʻole CF-2 - i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā ʻenekini diesel 2-stroke.
Eia kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka aila "diesel" e like me ka kikoʻī ACEA:
- B1-96 - i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā ʻāpana me ka ʻole o ka turbocharging;
- B2-96 a me B3-96 - i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā ʻāpana kaʻa me ka turbocharging a i ʻole;
- E1-96, E2-96 a me E3-96 no nā kaʻa me nā ʻenekini hoʻokiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAila viscosity
ʻO ka maʻalahi o ka paila ʻana i ka aila ma o nā kahawai a me nā mea o ka ʻōnaehana pili pono i ka waiwai viscosity. Eia kekahi, pili ka viscosity o ka aila i ka nui o kāna hāʻawi ʻana i nā hui hana ʻānai i loko o ka mīkini hoʻopau i loko, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pākaukau, a me ke kūpaʻa mechanical o ka crankshaft e ka mea hoʻomaka i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai i nā kūlana anuanu. No laila, no nā ʻenekini diesel, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka grease me ka viscosity index o 5W (a hiki i -25 ° C), 10W (a hiki i -20 ° C), liʻiliʻi pinepine 15W (a hiki i -15 ° C). No laila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka helu ma mua o ka leka W, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻaila.
He haʻahaʻa ka viscosity nā aila mālama ikehu. Hana lākou i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻili metala, akā i ka manawa like e mālama i ka ikehu a me ka wahie no kāna hana. Eia naʻe, pono e hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau ʻaila me nā ICE kikoʻī wale nō (pono lākou he mau ala ʻaila haiki).
Ke koho ʻana i hoʻokahi aila ʻē aʻe, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo mau i nā hiʻohiʻona kūloko kahi e hana ai ka mīkini. ʻo ia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka hoʻoilo a me ka kiʻekiʻe i ke kauwela. Inā nui kēia ʻokoʻa, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai ʻana i ʻelua ʻaila i kaʻawale - hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela, a hoʻololi iā lākou i ka wā. Inā liʻiliʻi ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahana, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka "kau a pau".
Inā loa'a nā pilikia me ka hui cylinder-piston i loko o ka mīkini ho'ohehe'e, ka ho'omaka 'ana i ka "anu", a laila 'oi aku ka maika'i o ke kū'ai 'ana i ka 'aila diesel me ka viscosity ha'aha'a.
Ke kumu o ka aila mīkini no ka diesel
He mea maʻamau nō hoʻi ka puʻunaue ʻana i ka ʻaila i nā ʻano ma muli o ko lākou kumu. ʻEkolu ʻano ʻaila i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā, ʻo ka ʻaila maʻalahi loa o lākou he ʻaila mineral. Akā ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia ia, koe wale nō paha i nā ICE kahiko, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā mea synthetic a semi-synthetic paha.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā kumu nui wale nō ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona i haʻi ʻia e ka mea hana aila me nā mea i koi ʻia e ka automaker, a me ʻaila kumu. ʻAʻole i emi iki ka lua o ka mea ma mua o ka mea mua, no ka mea ke kūʻai aku nei nā mea kūʻai kaʻa i nā mea hoʻopunipuni i kū ʻole i nā ʻano i hōʻike ʻia.
He aha ka aila maikaʻi loa no ka turbodiesel
ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka mīkini diesel turbocharged mai ka mea maʻamau. ʻO ka mea mua, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia i ka wikiwiki nui o ka rotation o ka turbine (ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 a hiki i 200 tausani revolutions i kēlā me kēia minuke), ma muli o ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka mahana o ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko (hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o + 270 ° C). , a mahuahua kona aahu. No laila, ʻo ka ʻaila no ka mīkini diesel me ka turbine pono e loaʻa i nā mea pale a me nā mea hana.
ʻO nā noʻonoʻo no ke koho ʻana i hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi ʻaila aila no ka mīkini diesel turbocharged e like me ka mea maʻamau. ʻO ka mea nui i kēia hihia ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana. Aia kekahi manaʻo e pono e hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻaila diesel turbocharged. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka "synthetics", akā hiki ke hoʻopiha i nā "semi-synthetics" a me ka "wai mineral", akā ʻaʻole ʻo ka koho hope ke koho maikaʻi loa. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kāna kumukūʻai, hāʻawi ʻia i nā kūlana hana, pono e hoʻololi pinepine ʻia, ʻo ia ka hopena o nā ʻōpala hou aʻe, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka ʻenekini puhi ahi.
E papa inoa i ka ʻike e pili ana ʻO ia nā aila turbodiesel i paipai ʻia e nā mea hana kaulana. No laila, no nā mīkini diesel turbocharged i hana ʻia ma hope o 2004 a me kahi kānana particulate, e like me ka ACEA maʻamau, pono ia e hoʻohana:
ʻO ka ʻaila ʻenekini DELO
- Paipai ʻo Mitsubishi lāua ʻo Mazda i nā aila B1;
- Toyota (Lexus), Honda (Acura), Fiat, Citroen, Peugeot - nā aila B2;
- Renault-Nissan - B3 a me B4 aila.
Manaʻo nā mea hana ʻē aʻe i kēia mau huahana:
- ʻO ka hui Ford no nā ʻenekini turbo diesel i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 2004 a ma hope aku me kahi kānana particulate e paipai i ka aila brand M2C913C.
- Volkswagen (a me Skoda a me ka noho, he hapa o ka hopohopo) a hiki singles i ka momoku ahi o VW 507 00 Castrol engine aila no turbodiesel engines o kona hopohopo, i hanaia ma mua o 2004 a loaʻa i ka particulate kānana.
- I nā kaʻa i hana ʻia e General Motors Corporation (Opel, Chevrolet a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), nā mīkini diesel turbocharged ma hope o 2004 me kahi kānana particulate, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka aila Dexos 2.
- No nā BMW turbodiesel i hana ʻia ma mua o 2004 a hoʻolako ʻia me kahi kānana particulate, ʻo ka ʻaila i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo BMW Longlife-04.
Ma kahi kaʻawale, pono e haʻi i nā mīkini TDI i hoʻokomo ʻia ma Audi. Loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻae penei:
- nā mīkini a hiki i 2000 o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana - index VW505.01;
- nā motika 2000-2003 - 506.01;
- ʻO nā hui ma hope o 2004 he helu ʻaila o 507.00.
He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo pono e hoʻopiha ʻia kahi mīkini diesel turbocharged me ka aila kiʻekiʻe e kū ana i nā koi i haʻi ʻia e ka mea hana. ʻO kēia ma muli o nā kūlana hana o ka ʻāpana i wehewehe ʻia ma luna. Eia kekahi, e hoʻomanaʻo e pono i kahi kaʻa turbocharged kahi huakaʻi hele me ka ukana maikaʻi, i ʻole e "stagnate" ka turbine a me ka aila i loko. No laila, mai poina e hoʻohana wale i ka ʻaila "pololei", akā e hana pono i ka mīkini.
Nā ʻaila ʻaila no nā ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko
Manaʻo pololei nā mea hana kaʻa honua kaulana e hoʻohana nā mea kūʻai aku i nā aila o kekahi mau hōʻailona (i hana pinepine ʻia e lākou). ʻo kahi laʻana:
ʻO ka aila kaulana ZIC XQ 5000
- Paipai ʻo Hyundai/Kia i ka ʻaila ZIC (XQ LS).
- Hāʻawi ʻo Ford no ICE Zetec i ka ʻaila M2C 913.
- Ma ICE Opel a hiki i 2000, ʻae ʻo ACEA i ka aila A3 / B3. Hiki i nā kaʻa ma hope o 2000 ke holo i ka ʻaila i ʻae ʻia GM-LL-B-025.
- Manaʻo ʻo BMW i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aila Castrol i ʻāpono ʻia a i ʻole ka aila mai kāna hōʻailona BMW Longlife ponoʻī. He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no nā ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko, i lako me nā ʻōnaehana manawa valve variable.
- ʻO ka manaʻo o Mercedes-Benz no nā mīkini diesel ma hope o 2004, i lako me kahi kānana particulate, hāʻawi i ka aila ma lalo o kāna hōʻailona ponoʻī me kahi index o 229.31 a me 229.51. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻaila ʻaila kiʻekiʻe loa no nā ʻenekini diesel he helu helu mai 504.00 a i 507. I nā kaʻa kaʻa diesel, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka aila i kaha ʻia CF-00.
hāʻawi hou mākou i ka ʻike kūpono me ka helu o nā aila kaulana no nā ʻenekini diesel. I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i ka helu, ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ka manaʻo o ka poʻe loea e hana ana i ka noiʻi kūpono. ʻo ia hoʻi no ka ʻaila he mea nui kēia mau hōʻailona:
- ke alo o nā mea hoʻohui kūikawā;
- hōʻemi i ka phosphorus maʻiʻo, kahi e hōʻoia ai i ka pilina palekana o ka wai me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻopau kino ma hope o ka mālama ʻana;
- palekana maikaʻi i nā hana corrosion;
- hygroscopicity haʻahaʻa (ʻaʻole e komo ka ʻaila i ka makū mai ka lewa).
| Kālā | hōʻikeʻano | ʻO ka'ikehue | API/THAT | kuai |
| ZIC XQ 5000 10W-40 | ʻO kekahi o nā aila diesel maikaʻi loa a kaulana loa. Hana ʻia ma South Korea. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ICE me ka turbine. Manaʻo ʻia no Mercedes-Benz, MAN, Volvo, Scania, Renault, MACK | 10W-40 | API CI-4; ACEA E6/E4. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻae ʻia: MB 228.5/228.51, MAN M 3477/3277 Hoʻemi ʻia Lehu, MTU Type 3, VOLVO VDS-3, SCANIA LDF-2, Cummins 20076/77/72/71, Renault VI RXD, Mack EO-M+ | $22 no ke kinikini 6 lita. |
| LIQUI MOLY 5W-30 TopTech-4600 | ʻO ka aila kaulana a maʻalahi hoʻi mai kahi mea hana Kelemania kaulana. | 5W-30 | ACEA C3; API SN/CF; MB-Freigabe 229.51; BMW Longlife 04; VW 502.00/505.00; Ford WSS-M2C 917 A; Dexos 2. | $110 no ke kinikini 20 lita. |
| ADDINOL Diesel Longlife MD 1548 (SAE 15W-40) | No ka papa o ka aila i hoʻolālā ʻia e hana me nā ICE i hoʻouka nui ʻia (Heavy Duty Engine Oil). No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa kaʻa wale nō, akā i nā kaʻa pū kekahi. | 15W-40 | CI-4, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4 PLUS, SL; A3/B3, E3, E5, E7. ʻAe ʻia: MB 228.3, MB 229.1, Volvo VDS-3, Renault RLD-2, Global DHD-1, MACK EO-N, Allison C-4, VW 501 01, VW 505 00, ZF TE-ML 07C, Caterpillar ECF - 2, Caterpillar ECF-1-a, Deutz DQC III-10, MAN 3275-1 | $125 no ke kinikini 20 lita. |
| Mobil Delvac MX 15W-40 | Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻaila Belgian no nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa ma ʻEulopa. ʻOkoʻa i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe. | 15W-40 | API CI-4/CH-4/SL/SJ; ACEA E7; ʻApono MB 228.3; Volvo VDS-3; KANAKA M3275-1; ʻO Renault Trucks RLD-2 a me nā mea ʻē aʻe | $37 no ke kinikini 4 lita. |
| CHEVRON Delo 400 MGX 15W-40 | ʻO ka aila ʻAmelika no nā kaʻa kaʻa diesel a me nā kaʻa (Komatsu, Man, Chrysler, Volvo, Mitsubishi). Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko turbocharged. | 15W-40 | API: CI-4, CH-4, CG-4, CF-4; ACEA: E4, E7. Nā ʻae o ka mea hana: MB 228.51, Deutz DQC III-05, Renault RLD-2, Renault VI RXD, Volvo VDS-3, MACK EO-M Plus, Volvo VDS-2. | $15 no ke kinikini 3,8 lita. |
| ʻO Castrol Magnatec ʻOihana 5w30 | He aila kaulana loa. Eia naʻe, he haʻahaʻa kinetic viscosity. | 5W-30 | ACEA A5/B5; API CF/SN; ILSAC GF4; Hui me Ford WSS-M2C913-C/WSS-M2C913-D. | $44 no ke kinikini 4 lita. |
Hōʻikeʻia ke kumukūʻai maʻamau e like me nā kumukūʻai no ke kauwela o 2017 no Moscow a me ka'āina
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka aila diesel e pili ana i nā kumu ʻehā - ke ʻano o kona waihona (synthetic, semi-synthetic, mineral), ka nui o ka ipu i kūʻai ʻia ai ka wai, nā hiʻohiʻona e like me nā kūlana SAE / API / ACEA a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a me ka hōʻailona o ka mea hana. Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e kūʻai i ka aila mai ke kumu kūʻai maʻamau.
Nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ʻaila diesel a me ka ʻaila ʻaila
Hoʻopilikia i ka ʻaila
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko ma ke kumu o ka hoʻāla ʻana, ʻaʻole mai kahi huna ahi (e like me ka ʻaila). ʻO ia mau motika e huki i ka ea, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko i kahi pae. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hui ʻana i nā ʻenekini diesel ma mua o nā mīkini ʻaila, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka pau ʻana o ka wahie, a ʻo ia hoʻi, ke alakaʻi nei i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka soot i ka nui o nā ʻāpana.
Ma muli o kēia, a ma muli nō hoʻi o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke keʻena, nalowale koke ka ʻaila i kona mau waiwai kumu, oxidize a lilo i obsolete. He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka wahie diesel haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, i nui loa i ko mākou ʻāina. Pili i keia ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka ʻaila diesel mai nā analogues no nā mīkini ʻaila - ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka antioxidant a me nā waiwai lubricating.
He mea ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻelemakule o ka aila no nā mīkini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko kūloko, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono lākou e mālama pono.
ʻO ka hopena
ʻOi aku ka paʻa o ka hana a me nā hiʻohiʻona hana o ka aila no nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko ma mua o nā ʻāpana ʻaila. I ke koho ʻana, pono ʻoe nānā i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻaila nā koi i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka mea hana. Pili kēia i nā ʻenekini diesel maʻamau a me nā ʻāpana turbocharged.
e ho'āʻo hoʻi e hoʻopiha i nā pahu hau i hōʻoia ʻia. Inā loaʻa ka sulfur kiʻekiʻe o ka wahie diesel, a laila e hāʻule ka aila ma mua. oia hoi ka mea i kapaia helu kumu (TBN). ʻO ka mea pōʻino, no nā ʻāina post-Soviet aia kahi pilikia ke kūʻai ʻia ka wahie haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma nā keʻena kinoea. No laila, e ho'āʻo e hoʻopiha i ka ʻaila me TBN = 9 ... 12, maʻamau, hōʻike ʻia kēia waiwai ma hope o ka maʻamau ACEA.
