ʻO nā masks FFP2 a me nā masks antivirus ʻē aʻe - pehea lākou e ʻokoʻa ai kekahi i kekahi?

ʻO nā hoʻoholo hoʻokele e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi coronavirus koi i ka lehulehu e uhi i ko lākou waha a me nā ihu me nā masks kūpono, me ka manaʻo e hoʻohana i nā masks FFP2. He aha ka manaʻo? Lohe mākou i nā inoa a me nā inoa mai nā wahi a pau: masks, masks, half masks, FFP1, FFP2, FFP3, disposable, reusable, me kahi kānana, valve, lole, non-woven, etc. He mea maʻalahi ka huikau i kēia kahe o ka ʻike, no laila ma kēia kikokikona mākou e wehewehe ai i ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻano o nā masks antivirus i kūpono.

Kauka N. Pharm. Maria Kaspshak

ʻO ka maka, ka hapalua maka a i ʻole ka pale maka?

I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua lohe pinepine mākou i ka huaʻōlelo "face mask" i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka uhi ʻana i ka maka no nā kumu olakino. ʻAʻole kēia he inoa kūhelu a kūhelu paha, akā he inoa liʻiliʻi maʻamau. ʻO ka inoa pololei ʻo "mask" a i ʻole "half mask", ʻo ia hoʻi he mea pale e pale ai i ka waha a me ka ihu. ʻO nā huahana i hōʻailona ʻia me ka hōʻailona FFP ke kānana nei i ka hapalua masks i hoʻolālā ʻia e kānana i ka lepo a me nā aerosol. Holo lākou i nā hoʻokolohua kūpono a ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻohālikelike FFP 1-3.

Hoʻolālā ʻia nā masks lapaʻau a me nā ʻokiʻoki e pale aku i nā kauka a me nā limahana lapaʻau mai ka maʻi bacteria a me nā wai maʻi maʻi. Hoʻāʻo ʻia lākou a hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia e like me ia. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka FFP filtering half masks e like me nā lako pale pilikino, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo PPE (Personal Protective Equipment, PPE), aʻo nā masks olakino e pili ana i nā lula ʻokoʻa a pili i nā mea lapaʻau. Aia kekahi mau masks non-medical i hana ʻia i ka lole a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana a hoʻohana hou ʻia, ʻaʻole i kau ʻia i nā lula a no laila ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ʻo PPE a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea lapaʻau.

Nā māka kānana FFP - he aha lākou a he aha nā kūlana e pono ai lākou e hālāwai?

ʻO ka pōkole FFP mai nā huaʻōlelo Pelekane ʻo Face Filtering Piece, ʻo ia hoʻi he huahana kānana ea i kau ʻia ma ka maka. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, kapa ʻia lākou he hapalua masks no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e uhi i ka maka holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻo ka waha a me ka ihu wale nō, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia inoa. Kūʻai pinepine ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he anti-dust a i ʻole ka uahi masks. ʻO ka hapalua o ka FFP he mau mea pale pilikino i hoʻolālā ʻia e pale aku i ka mea hoʻohana mai ka ea, nā mea ʻino. E like me ka maʻamau, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia lākou no ko lākou hiki ke kānana i nā ʻāpana ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 300 nanometers. Hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mau ʻāpana paʻa (lehu), a me nā kulu liʻiliʻi loa o ka wai i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka lewa, ʻo ia hoʻi nā aerosol. Hoʻāʻo ʻia nā masks FFP no ka mea i kapa ʻia ka leaka o loko (e hoʻāʻo i ka nui o ka lele ʻana o ka ea ma nā āpau ma muli o ka mask mismatch) a me ke kū ʻana o ka hanu.

 ʻO nā masks FFP1, ke hoʻohana pono ʻia a hoʻokomo ʻia, e hopu i ka liʻiliʻi o 80% o nā ʻāpana ea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 300 nm ke anawaena. Pono nā māka FFP2 e hopu i ka liʻiliʻi o 94% o kēia mau ʻāpana, aʻo nā maka FFP3 pono e hopu i ka 99%.. Eia kekahi, pono e hāʻawi nā masks FFP1 i ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 25% ka pale leakage kūloko (e laʻa me ka ea ma muli o ka leakage seal), FFP2 ma lalo o 11% a me FFP3 ma lalo o 5%. Loaʻa paha i nā māka FFP nā kīwaha e maʻalahi ai ka hanu. Ua pani ʻia lākou i ka wā o ka inhalation e kānana i ka ea āu e hanu ai ma o ka mea o ka mask, akā wehe ʻia i ka wā o ka exhalation i mea e maʻalahi ai ka ea e pakele.

ʻAʻole maikaʻi nā masks Valved i ka pale ʻana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe mai nā maʻi hanu no ka mea e puka mai ka ea exhaled me ka kānana ʻole. No laila, ʻaʻole kūpono lākou no ka hoʻohana ʻana e nā mea maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kānalua i mea e pale ai i ke kaiapuni. Eia nō naʻe, pale lākou i ke olakino o ka mea hoʻohana mai ka inhalation o ka lepo a me nā aerosol, hiki nō ke lawe i nā germs.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā masks FFP, i kaha ʻia me ka 2 crossed-out a i ʻole nā ​​leka N a i ʻole NR (hoʻohana hoʻokahi), akā hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia, a laila ua kaha ʻia lākou me ka leka R (hoʻohana hou). E nānā i kēia ma ka lepili huahana kiko'ī. E hoʻomanaʻo e ʻaʻahu i ka mask wale no ka manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka mea hana, a laila e hoʻololi iā ia me kahi mea hou - ma hope o kēia manawa, e hōʻino nā waiwai kānana a ʻaʻole mākou e hōʻoia hou i ka pale e hāʻawi ʻia e kahi mask hou.

Nā maka me nā kānana hiki ke pani ʻia P1, P2 a i ʻole P3

ʻO kekahi ʻano masks he mau masks a i ʻole hapalua masks i hana ʻia me ka plastic airtight akā ua lako me kahi kānana hiki ke pani ʻia. ʻO ia mask, me ka hoʻololi kūpono o ka kānana, hiki ke hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau masks a me nā kānana i nā hoʻokolohua like me nā masks FFP a ua kaha ʻia ʻo P1, P2 a i ʻole P3. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka helu, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka kānana, i.e. pale pale pono. ʻO ka pae kūpono o nā kānana P1 he 80% (hiki iā lākou ke hele i ka 20% o nā ʻāpana aerosol me ke anawaena awelika o 300 nm), nā kānana P2 - 94%, nā kānana P3 - 99,95%. Inā koho ʻoe i kahi mask no ka hoʻoponopono coronavirus, a laila i ka hihia o nā masks me kahi kānana, e nānā inā ʻaʻohe o lākou he valve e wehe ana i ka exhalation. Inā loaʻa i ka mask ka valve, ʻo ia ka mea e pale wale i ka mea hoʻohana, ʻaʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā maka lapaʻau - "ʻokiʻoki"

Hoʻohana ʻia nā masks lapaʻau e nā limahana mālama olakino i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e pale aku i ka mea maʻi mai ka hoʻopōʻino ʻia e nā limahana, a me ka pale ʻana i nā limahana mai ka maʻi ʻana e nā droplets airborne mai ka mea maʻi. No kēia kumu, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā masks lapaʻau no ka leakage bacteria a me ka leakage - ʻo ka manaʻo ʻo ia inā e pāpaʻi ʻia me kahi wai hiki ke maʻi - kohu, koko a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea huna ʻē aʻe - pale ʻia ka maka o ke kauka. No ka hoʻohana hoʻokahi wale nō nā maka lapaʻau a pono e hoʻopau ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana. ʻO ka maʻamau he ʻekolu mau papa - kahi papa waho, hydrophobic (waterproof), kahi waena - kānana a me kahi i loko - hāʻawi i ka hōʻoluʻolu o ka hoʻohana. ʻAʻole kūpono lākou i ka maka, no laila ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia e pale aku i nā aerosol a me nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, akā mai ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā kulu huna nui e hiki ke paʻi i ka maka.

Nā lepili - he aha ka mask e koho ai?

ʻO ka mea mua, pono mākou e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻohe mask e hāʻawi iā mākou i ka XNUMX% pale, hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi wale i ka pilikia o ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā germs. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka mask e hilinaʻi nui i kona hoʻohana pono ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka manawa, a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā lula hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻē aʻe - ka holoi ʻana a me ka holoi ʻana i nā lima, ʻaʻole hoʻopā i ka maka, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. a i ʻole e pale iā ʻoe iho a i ʻole e pale aku i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe inā loaʻa mākou iā mākou iho. 

Nā maka FFP - kānana lākou i nā aerosol a me ka lepo, no laila hiki iā lākou ke pale aku i nā maʻi bacteria a me nā maʻi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ia mau mea. Inā mālama mākou i ka pale maikaʻi o kā mākou ʻōpū hanu, pono ke koho ʻana i kahi mask FFP2 a i ʻole mask me kahi kānana P2 (ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā masks FFP3 i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole i kēlā me kēia lā. Eia naʻe, inā makemake kekahi a ʻoluʻolu e hoʻohana i kēlā mask, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana). Eia naʻe, e hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kānana mask, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hanu ʻana, no laila ʻoluʻolu paha kēia hopena no ka poʻe me ka hānō, COPD a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi māmā ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole pale nā ​​masks me nā valve exhalation i nā mea ʻē aʻe. No laila, inā makemake ʻoe e pale aku i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho ʻana i kahi mask FFP me ka ʻole o ka valve. ʻO ka hopena o ka mask e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka maka a me ka pili ʻana i ka manawa a me nā kūlana o ka hoʻohana.

ʻO nā maka lapaʻau - hāʻawi i ka pale mai nā kulu kulu i ka wā e kamaʻilio ai, ʻuʻu a ʻāhuhi paha. ʻAʻole kūpono lākou i ka maka, no laila ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻaʻahu ʻana ma mua o nā maka FFP. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau ma mua o nā masks FFP kūikawā. ʻO ia ka hopena maʻamau no ka hapa nui o nā kūlana o kēlā me kēia lā ke pono ʻoe e uhi i kou waha a me ka ihu. Pono lākou e hoʻololi pinepine a hoʻololi i nā mea hou.

ʻAʻole i hoʻāʻo ʻia nā masks ʻē aʻe, hana ʻia mai nā mea like ʻole, no laila ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana a lākou e pale aku ai a pehea ka nui. Aia ia i ka mea o ka mask a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe he nui. Manaʻo ka manaʻo maʻamau e pale ʻia kēlā lole a i ʻole nā ​​maka i ulana ʻole ʻia i ka paʻi ʻana o nā kulu nui o ka kohu i ka wā e kamaʻilio ai, ʻuʻu a me ke kihe ʻana. He maʻalahi lākou a maʻalahi hoʻi e hanu ma mua o ka FFP a i ʻole nā ​​​​mask lapaʻau. Inā mākou e hoʻohana i kahi mask lole hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia, pono e holoi ʻia ma kahi wela kiʻekiʻe ma hope o kēlā me kēia hoʻohana.

Pehea e ʻaʻahu ai i ka mask a i ʻole ka pale pale?

• E heluhelu a hahai i nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana mask.
• Holoi a hoʻomaʻemaʻe paha i kou mau lima ma mua o ke kau ʻana i ka mask.
• E hoʻopili pono i kou alo e pale aku i ka lī. Hoʻopaʻa ka lauoho maka i ka hiki ke kūpono o ka mask.
• Inā ʻoe e komo i nā makaaniani, e nānā pono i ke kūpono a puni kou ihu i mea e pale ai ka lens mai ka pua.
• Mai hoʻopā i ka mask i ke kau ʻana.
• Wehe i ka mask me nā kaula elastic a i ʻole nakinaki me ka pā ʻole i mua.
• Inā hoʻopau ʻia ka mask, e hoʻolei ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana. Inā hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia, disinfect a holoi paha e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka mea hana ma mua o ka hoʻohana hou ʻana.
• E hoʻololi i ka mask inā lilo ia i pulu, lepo, a i ʻole ʻoe e manaʻo ua emi kona maikaʻi (no ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻomaka).

Hiki ke loaʻa nā kikokikona like hou aʻe ma AvtoTachki Pasje. ʻO ka nūpepa pūnaewele ma ka ʻāpana Tutorials.

Hōʻike Pūnaewele

1. Central Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BHP) - COMMUNICATION #1 ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka loiloi conformity o ka pale ʻana i ka hanu, nā lole pale, a me ka pale maka a me ka maka i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o nā hana pale maʻi COVID-19. Link: https://m.ciop.pl/CIOPPortalWAR/file/89576/2020032052417&COVID-badania-srodkow-ochrony-ind-w-CIOP-PIB-Komunikat-pdf (loaʻa 03.03.2021).
2. ʻIke e pili ana i nā lula e pili ana i nā maka lapaʻau - http://www.wyrobmedyczny.info/maseczki-medyczne/ (Loaʻa: 03.03.2021).

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