Nā mīkini o ka ʻōnaehana S-300VM

ʻO nā kaʻa o ka paʻakikī S-300VM, ma ka hema ka mea hoʻolaha 9A83M a me ka kaʻa hoʻouka raifela 9A84M.

I ka waena o 50s, ua hoʻomaka nā pūʻali honua o nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia o ka honua e loaʻa i nā mea kaua hou - nā missiles ballistic me kahi ākea mai ka nui a ʻoi aku ma mua o 200 km. Ua haʻahaʻa mau ko lākou pololei, a ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia kēia e ka mana kiʻekiʻe o nā uku nuklea a lākou i lawe ai. Aneane i ka manawa like, hoʻomaka ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ala e hakakā ai i kēlā mau missiles. I kēlā manawa, ʻo ka pale ʻana i ka ea i kona wā kamaliʻi, a ua manaʻo nui nā mea hoʻolālā koa a me nā mea hoʻolālā mea kaua i kona hiki. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo "nā missiles anti-aircraft ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki" a me ka "radar ʻoi aku ka pololei" i lawa no ka hakakā ʻana i nā missiles ballistic. Ua maopopo koke ka manaʻo o kēia "liʻiliʻi" i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka pono e hana i nā hale hou a paʻakikī loa, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻenehana hana, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻoihana o ia manawa ke hoʻokō. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ua ʻoi aku ka holomua o ka manawa ma ke kahua o ka hakakā ʻana i nā missiles hoʻolālā, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa mai ka ʻike ʻana a hiki i ka interception, a ʻaʻole i kau ʻia nā hoʻonohonoho anti-missile paʻa i nā palena o ka nui a me ka nui.

ʻOiai ʻo kēia, ʻo ka pono e kūʻē i nā missiles ballistic liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka tactical, i kēia manawa i hoʻomaka ai e hiki i kahi mamao o ke kauoha o 1000 km, ua lilo i mea wikiwiki. Ua hana ʻia kahi ʻano o ka simulation a me nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka USSR, i hōʻike ʻia e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēlā mau pahuhopu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā missiles S-75 "Dvina" a me 3K8 / 2K11 "Krug", akā i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka hopena maikaʻi, nā missiles. pono e kūkulu ʻia me nā māmā holo kiʻekiʻe . Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pilikia nui ʻo ia ka hiki ke kaupalena ʻia o ka radar, no ka mea, ua liʻiliʻi a wikiwiki loa ka missile ballistic. Ua maopopo ka hopena - e hakakā i nā missiles ballistic pono e hana i kahi ʻōnaehana anti-missile hou.

Ke hoʻouka nei i ka pahu lawe 9YA238 a me ka pahu pahu me ka missile 9M82 ma luna o ka trolley 9A84.

Hana ʻia o S-300W

Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka papahana noiʻi Shar, i mālama ʻia ma 1958-1959, ua noʻonoʻo ʻia nā hiki ke hāʻawi i ka pale kaua missile no nā pūʻali koa honua. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomohala i ʻelua mau ʻano missile anti-missile - me kahi ākea o 50 km a me 150 km. E hoʻohana mua ʻia ka mea mua no ka hakakā ʻana i nā mokulele a me nā missiles tactical, ʻoiai e hoʻohana ʻia ka hope e luku i nā missiles operational-tactical a me nā missiles alakaʻi alakaʻi kiʻekiʻe. Pono ʻia ka ʻōnaehana: hiki i ka nui-channel, ka hiki ke ʻike a hahai i nā pahuhopu i ka nui o ke poʻo missile, ka mobility kiʻekiʻe a me ka manawa pane o 10-15 s.

I ka makahiki 1965, ua hoʻomaka ʻia kekahi papahana noiʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo Prizma. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā koi no nā missiles hou: ʻoi aku ka nui, alakaʻi ʻia e ke ʻano hui (kauoha-semi-active), me ke kaumaha o ka lawe ʻana o 5-7 tons i manaʻo ʻia e hakakā i nā missiles ballistic, a me kahi missile alakaʻi kauoha me ʻO ke kaumaha o ka lawe ʻana he 3 tons i manaʻo ʻia e hakakā i nā mokulele.

ʻO nā missiles ʻelua i hana ʻia ma ka Novator Design Bureau mai Sverdlovsk (i kēia manawa ʻo Yekaterinburg) - 9M82 a me 9M83 - he ʻelua-pae a ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka mīkini pae mua. Hoʻokahi ʻano o ke poʻo kaua he 150 kg a me ka hana kuhikuhi i hoʻohana ʻia. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lawe ʻana i ke kaumaha, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻokuʻu i nā missiles ma ke kūpaʻa e pale i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā azimuth kaumaha a paʻakikī a me nā ʻōnaehana alakaʻi kiʻekiʻe no nā mea hoʻolaha. Ma mua, ʻo ia ka hihia me nā missiles anti-aircraft mua (S-25), akā paʻa kā lākou mea hoʻolaha. Pono e kau ʻia ʻelua mau missiles "kaumaha" a i ʻole ʻehā "māmā" i ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā pahu ma luna o ka mea hoʻokuʻu, e koi ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa ʻike kūikawā "Object 830" me ka hiki ke hāpai ʻia ma mua o 20 tons. ʻO ka mea kanu ʻo Kirov ma Leningrad me nā mea T -80, akā me kahi mīkini diesel A-24-1 me ka mana o 555 kW/755 hp. (he ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻenekini V-46-6, hoʻohana ʻia ma nā pahu pahu T-72).

ʻO ke kī ʻana i ka missile liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia mai ka hopena o 70s, a ʻo ka interception mua o kahi pahuhopu aerodynamic maoli i hana ʻia ma ka kahua hoʻāʻo ʻo Emba i ʻApelila 1980. ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana missile anti-aircraft 9K81 (Russian: komplieks) ma kahi ʻano maʻalahi S-300W1, me nā mea hoʻolaha 9A83 wale nō me nā missiles "liʻiliʻi" 9M83 i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1983. a hiki i 300 km a me nā kiʻekiʻe lele mai 1 a 70 m. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili i nā missiles surface-to-surface me kahi ākea a hiki i 25 km (ʻo ka hiki ke paʻi i kēlā pahuhopu me hoʻokahi missile ma mua o 25%). Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ikaika o ke ahi ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i nā missiles mai nā pahu i lawe ʻia ma nā kaʻa lawe lawe 000A100 ma nā mea lawe like ʻole, a no laila ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa launch-loading vehicles (PZU, Start-Loading Zalka). ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana S-40W he mea kiʻekiʻe loa, no ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 9, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā missiles 85 i hāʻawi ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o nā missiles 9M82 a me kā lākou 9A82 a me PZU 9A84 launchers i ka makahiki 1988, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi o ka squadron 9K81 (Russian system). Aia i loko o ia: kahi pākaukau hoʻomalu me kahi pou kauoha 9S457, kahi radar puni holoʻokoʻa 9S15 Obzor-3 a me kahi radar kiaʻi 9S19 Ryzhy, a me nā ʻeke ahi ʻehā, ʻo ka 9S32 target tracking radar i hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi mamao o ʻoi aku. 10 km mai ka squadron. pou kauoha. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pākaukau i ʻeono mau mea hoʻolaha a me ʻeono ROM (maʻa mau ʻehā 9A83 a me ʻelua 9A82 me kahi helu like o 9A85 a me 9A84 ROM). Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokomo ka pūʻali koa i kahi ʻenehana loea me nā ʻano ʻeono o nā kaʻa lawelawe a me nā kaʻa 9T85 transport rocket. Aia ka squadron a hiki i 55 mau kaʻa i hahai ʻia a ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau kaʻa, akā hiki iā ia ke puhi i nā missiles 192 me kahi manawa liʻiliʻi loa - hiki iā ia ke ahi i ka manawa like ma 24 mau pahuhopu (hoʻokahi no ka mea hoʻolaha), hiki i kēlā me kēia o lākou ke kuhikuhi i ʻelua missiles me kahi. ka manawa pana o 1,5 ,2 a hiki i 9 kekona. Ua kaupalena ʻia ka helu o nā pahuhopu ballistic i ka manawa like e ka mana o ka 19S16 station a hiki i ka 9 kiʻekiʻe, akā hāʻawi ʻia ka hapalua o lākou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā missiles 83M300, hiki ke luku i nā missiles. me ka laulā a hiki i 9 km. Inā pono, hiki i kēlā me kēia pākaukau ke hana kūʻokoʻa, me ka ʻole o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ka pā hoʻokele squadron, a i ʻole e loaʻa pololei ka ʻikepili i koho ʻia mai nā ʻōnaehana mana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka helu pākahi 32S9 mai ke kaua ʻaʻole i hoʻonui i ka pākaukau, no ka mea ua lawa ka ʻike kikoʻī pololei mai kekahi radar e hoʻomaka ai i nā missiles. I ka hihia o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻopili ikaika ikaika, hiki ke hōʻoia i ka hana ʻana o ka radar 32SXNUMX e nā radar SD o ka squadron, nāna i hāʻawi i ka kiko kikoʻī i nā pahuhopu, e waiho wale ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pākaukau e hoʻoholo ai i ka azimuth a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pahu hopu.

ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ʻelua a ʻoi aku ka nui o ʻehā mau pūʻali koa i lilo i pūʻali koa pale lewa o nā pūʻali koa honua. Aia i loko o kāna pou kauoha kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele automated 9S52 "Polyana-D4", he pou kauoha no kahi hui radar, kahi kikowaena kamaʻilio a me kahi pā o nā pale. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polyana-D4 complex i hoʻonui i ka pono o ka brigade e 25% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hana kūʻokoʻa o kāna mau pūʻali. ʻO ke ʻano o ka brigade he lālā nui loa, akā hiki iā ia ke pale i mua o 600 km ākea a me 600 km hohonu, ʻo ia hoʻi. he teritore i oi aku mamua o ka mokuna o Polani ma kona holookoa!

Wahi a nā manaʻo mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kahi hui o nā brigades kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, he moku kaua, a i ka wā o ke kaua - he alo, ʻo ia hoʻi, he pūʻali koa. A laila e hoʻolako hou ʻia nā pūʻali koa (hiki i nā pūʻali koa mua ke komo i ʻehā mau pūʻali koa, a ʻo ka pūʻali koa - ʻekolu). Eia naʻe, ua lohe ʻia nā leo e hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻoweliweli nui i nā pūʻali ʻāina i ka mokulele a me nā missiles holo moku no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ʻo nā missiles S-300B he mea kūʻai nui loa ke kaua aku iā lākou. Ua hōʻike ʻia he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pūʻali koa pūʻali me nā hale paʻakikī o Buk, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou mana hou. Aia kekahi mau leo, no ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka S-300W i ʻelua ʻano missiles, hiki ke kūkulu ʻia kahi missile anti-missile kūikawā no ka Buk. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ua hoʻokō ʻia kēia hoʻonā i ka lua o ka makahiki ʻelua o ke kenekulia XNUMX.