Ke kaha ʻana i ka pahu ahi

Ke kaha ʻana i ka pahu ahi ʻO nā mea hana hale a me nā haole e haʻi aku i ka mea nona ka kaʻa e pili ana i ka nui o ke kaula, ka lōʻihi o ka ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, kona helu ʻālohilohi, ke alo a i ʻole ka haʻalele ʻana o kahi resistor a me nā mea i hana ʻia ai ke kumu. I kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia ka inoa o nā plug spark i nā ʻike ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, ka ʻike e pili ana i ka mea hana a i ʻole kahi (factory / country) o ka mea hana. A i mea e koho pono ai i ke kukui no ka enekini puhi ahi o loko o kou kaa, pono oe e ike i ka wehewehe ana i na huapalapala a me na helu ma ia mea, no ka mea, he okoa na kaha o na hui like ole.

ʻOiai ʻo nā helu a me nā leka ma nā pahu kukui mai nā mana like ʻole e hōʻike ʻokoʻa ʻia i ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e loli. Ma ka hopena o ka mea e loaʻa kahi papa me ka ʻike pili. Akā ʻo ka mea mua, e nānā i ke ʻano o ka wehewehe ʻana i ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana o nā plugs o nā mea hana kaulana loa.

ʻO ka hōʻailona ʻana i ka pahu kukui no RF

ʻO nā pahu ahi a pau i hana ʻia e nā hale hana ma ka Russian Federation e hoʻokō piha ana i ke kūlana honua ISO MS 1919, a no laila ua hoʻololi piha ʻia me nā mea i lawe ʻia mai. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻae ʻia ka māka ponoʻī iā ia iho i ka lole a puni ka ʻāina a ua ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ka palapala hoʻoponopono - OST 37.003.081-98. E like me ka palapala i kuhikuhi ʻia, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ihoiho (a me / a i ʻole kona ʻeke) ka ʻike i hoʻopili ʻia me ʻeiwa mau huaʻōlelo. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau hihia, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o lākou, a hiki i ʻekolu no nā kukui makamae i loaʻa kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā hana kumu.

Ma nā ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻo ke ʻano o ke kukui e like me ke kūlana Lūkini e nānā i ka schematically penei: ka nui a me ka pitch pitch / ke ʻano o ka ʻili kākoʻo (saddle) / ka nui kī no ke kau ʻana / helu glow / lōʻihi o ka ʻāpana o ke kino. / ke alo o ka insulator protrusion / ke alo o kahi pale / mea o ka electrode kikowaena / ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻololi. E nānā ma lalo no nā kikoʻī o kēlā me kēia mea i helu ʻia.

1. Loko kino, i millimeters. ʻO ka leka A ke ʻano o ka nui M14 × 1,25, ʻo ka leka M - milo M18 × 1,5.
2. ʻAno milo (ʻili kākoʻo). Inā ʻo ka leka K ma ka inoa, a laila he conical ke kaula, ʻo ka nele o kēia leka e hōʻike ana he palahalaha. I kēia manawa, koi nā lula i ka hana ʻana i nā ihoiho me nā kaula palahalaha wale nō.
3. Nui kī (hexagon), mm. ʻO ka huapalapala U he 16 millimeters, a ʻo ka M he 19 millimeters. Inā nalo ka lua o ka ʻano, a laila pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi hexagon 20,8 mm no ka hana. E ʻoluʻolu e hana ʻia nā kukui me kahi ʻāpana o ke kino e like me 9,5 mm me kahi kaula M14 × 1,25 no kahi hexagon 19 mm. A ʻo nā ihoiho me ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 12,7 mm i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo M14 × 1,25, akā no ka hexagon 16 a i ʻole 20,8 mm.
4. Helu wela o ka ipukukui. Ma ke kūlana i'ōleloʻia, hiki ke kohoʻia - 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ka waiwai kūpono,ʻoi aku ka wela o ke kukui. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka anuanu. Ma waho aʻe o ka helu ʻālohilohi i ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana, ʻokoʻa nā kukui a me nā kukui wela i ke ʻano a me ka ʻāpana o ka insulator electrode kikowaena.
5. Ka lōʻihi o ke kino. ʻO ka leka D ʻo ia ka 19 mm ka waiwai pili. Inā ʻaʻohe hōʻailona ma kēia wahi, a laila ʻo 9,5 a i ʻole 12,7 mm ka lōʻihi, hiki ke loaʻa kēia mai ka ʻike e pili ana i ka nui o ka hexagon no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kukui.
6. Loaʻa i ka cone wela o ka insulator. ʻO ia ka huaʻōlelo B. Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia leka, ua nalowale ka protrusion. Pono ia hana e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ke kukui ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko.
7. ʻO ke alo o kahi pale i kūkulu ʻia. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka leka P i ka koho ʻana i nā plug spark maʻamau o Rūsia inā he anti-interference resistor. I ka loaʻa ʻole o kēlā ʻano pale, ʻaʻohe leka. Pono ka resistor e ho'ēmi i ka lekiō.
8. Mea electrode waena. ʻO ka leka M ʻo ia ka mea i hana ʻia ka electrode i ke keleawe me ka pūpū wela. Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia leka, a laila hana ʻia ka electrode i kahi nickel alloy kūikawā wela.
9. Helu kaʻina o ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Hiki iā ia ke loaʻa nā waiwai mai ka 1 a hiki i ka 10. Hiki ke koho ʻelua ma aneʻi. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka ʻike i hoʻopili ʻia e pili ana i ka nui o ka lua wela i loko o kahi ihoiho. ʻO ka lua o ka koho - ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka mea hana e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka ʻike i hoʻopili ʻia e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokō i ka pono o ke kukui. I kekahi manawa, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kumu kukui.

Māka ʻana i nā pahu kukui NGK

E like me nā mea hana ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo NGK i kāna mau pahu kukui me kahi pūʻulu o nā leka a me nā helu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā māka spark plug NGK ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻohana ana ka hui i ʻelua mau kūlana. Hoʻohana kekahi i ʻehiku ʻāpana, a hoʻohana kekahi i ʻeono. E hoʻomaka kākou i ka wehewehe ʻana mai ka mua.

Ma keʻano laulā, e hōʻike nā hōʻailona i kēia ʻike: ke anawaena o ke kaula / nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā / ke alo o kahi pale / helu ʻālohilohi / lōʻihi o ke kaula / hoʻolālā kukui / ka nui o ka lua electrode.

Ana i ke kaula a me ke anawaena hexagon

Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻano nui e like me kekahi o nā inoa leka ʻeiwa. hāʻawi ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano: ke anawaena o ke kukui / ka nui hexagon. No laila:

• A - 18 mm / 25,4 mm;
• B - 14 mm / 20,8 mm;
• C - 10 mm / 16,0 mm;
• D - 12 mm / 18,0 mm;
• E - 8 mm / 13,0 mm;
• AB - 18 mm / 20,8 mm;
• BC - 14 mm / 16,0 mm;
• BK - 14 mm / 16,0 mm;
• DC - 12 mm / 16,0 mm.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā o ke kukui uila

ʻEkolu ʻano o nā leka ma ʻaneʻi:

• P - aia ka ipukukui i kahi insulator puka;
• M - he nui ka nui o ke kukui (ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kaula he 9,5 mm);
• U - nā ihoiho me kēia kapa inoa he hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i luna a i ʻole kahi ʻāʻī hou aʻe.

ʻO ke alo o kahi pale

Hiki i nā koho hoʻolālā ʻekolu:

• Ua nele kēia kahua - ʻaʻohe mea pale mai ka lekiō;
• R - aia ka resistor i ka hoʻolālā o ke kukui;
• Z - hoʻohana ʻia kahi resistor inductive ma kahi o ka mea maʻamau.

Helu wela

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka waiwai o ka helu glow e NGK ma ke ʻano he integers mai 2 a 10. I ka manawa like, ʻo nā kukui i hōʻailona ʻia me ka helu 2 nā kukui wela loa (ua hāʻawi maikaʻi lākou i ka wela, loaʻa nā electrodes wela). ʻO ka mea like ʻole, ʻo ka helu 10 he hōʻailona o nā ihoiho anu (hoʻopuka maikaʻi lākou i ka wela, ʻoi aku ka wela o kā lākou electrodes a me nā insulators).

Ka lōʻihi o ke kaula

Hoʻohana ʻia nā huaʻōlelo ma lalo nei no ke koho ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ke kaula ma kahi pahu kukui:

• E - 19 mm;
• EH - ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi - 19 mm, a ʻoki ʻoki ʻia i ke kaula - 12,7 mm;
• H - 12,7 mm;
• L - 11,2 mm;
• F - ʻo ia ka leka he conical paʻa paʻa (nā koho pilikino: AF - 10,9 mm; BF - 11,2 mm; B-EF - 17,5 mm; BM-F - 7,8 mm);
• ʻAʻole ka māla, a i ʻole nā ​​inoa BM, BPM, CM he kukui paʻa me ka lōʻihi o 9,5 mm.

Nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā o nā pahu kukui NGK

Aia kēia ʻāpana i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā like ʻole o ke kukui ponoʻī a me kāna mau electrodes.

• B - i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke kukui aia kahi nut pili paʻa;
• CM, CS - ua hana ʻia ka ʻaoʻao electrode, ʻo ke kukui he ʻano compact (ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka insulator he 18,5 mm);
• G - pākuʻi puhi ahi;
• ʻO GV - kahi pahu kukui no nā kaʻa haʻuki (ʻo ka electrode waena o kahi ʻano V-like kūikawā a ua hana ʻia me ka alloy gula a me ka palladium);
• I, IX - ua hana ʻia ka electrode me ka iridium;
• J - ʻo ka mea mua, ʻelua mau electrodes ʻaoʻao, a ʻo ka lua, he ʻano kūikawā lākou - elongated a inclined;
• K - aia ʻelua ʻaoʻao electrodes i ka mana maʻamau;
• L - hōʻike ka hōʻailona i ka helu kukui waena o ke kukui;
• LM - ʻano kukui paʻa, ʻo ka lōʻihi o kāna insulator he 14,5 mm (hoʻohana ʻia i nā mowers lawn ICE a me nā mea like);
• N - aia kahi electrode ʻaoʻao kūikawā;
• P - hana ʻia ka electrode waena i ka platinum;
• Q - he ʻehā ʻaoʻao electrodes ke kukui;
• S - keʻano maʻamau o ke kukui, ka nui o ka electrode waena - 2,5 mm;
• T - he ʻekolu ʻaoʻao electrodes ka ipukukui;
• U - kukui me ka hoʻokuʻu semi-surface;
• VX - ka pahu kukui platinum;
• Y - ke kikowaena electrode he V-like notch;
• Z - kahi hoʻolālā kūikawā o ke kukui, ʻo ka nui o ka electrode waena he 2,9 mm.

Interelectrode āpau a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Hōʻike ʻia ka waiwai o ka interelectrode gap e nā helu, a me nā hiʻohiʻona e nā leka. Inā ʻaʻohe helu, a laila he maʻamau ka āpau no kahi kaʻa kaʻa - ma kahi o 0,8 ... 0,9 mm. A i ʻole, ʻo ia:

• 8 - 0,8 mm;
• 9 - 0,9 mm o
• 10 - 1,0 mm o
• 11 - 1,1 mm o
• 13 - 1,3 mm o
• 14 - 1,4 mm o
• 15 - 1,5 mm.

I kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia nā inoa hou aʻe:

• S - ʻo ka hōʻailona ke ʻano he apo hoʻopaʻa kūikawā i loko o ke kukui;
• E - he kū'ē kūikawā ko ke kukui.

hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka maʻamau no ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā plugs ngk ma ke koho ʻana me ʻeono lālani huaʻōlelo i ka kaha ʻana. Ma nā ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻano like kēia: ʻano o ke kukui / ʻike e pili ana i ke anawaena a me ka lōʻihi o ke kaula, ke ʻano o ke sila, ka nui kī / ke alo o kahi pale / glow rating / hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā / ka nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā electrodes.

ʻano pahu ahi

ʻElima mau inoa leka maʻamau a hoʻokahi mea hou aʻe, e kūkākūkā ʻia ma lalo nei. No laila:

• D - loaʻa i ke kukui kahi electrode kikowaena lahilahi, i hoʻonoho ʻia e ka mea hana ma ke ʻano he huahana me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana;
• I - ka inoa o kahi kukui iridium;
• P - hōʻike kēia leka i kahi kukui platinum;
• S - loaʻa i ke kukui kahi hoʻokomo platinum square, ʻo ia ke kumu e hāʻawi ai i ka hilinaʻi ignition hoʻonui;
• Z - aia ka ipukukui i kahi āwaha huna.

ʻO kahi inoa leka hou, hiki ke loaʻa i kekahi manawa i kahi hui hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻo ia ka leka L. ʻO ia mau kukui he ʻāpana elongated threaded. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kahi kukui FR5AP-11 e hāʻawi i ka ʻike o ka mea nona ke kaʻa he 19 millimeters kona lōʻihi, a no LFR5AP-11 he 26,5 millimeters. no laila, ʻo ka leka L, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kukui, akā he mea nui ia.

ʻIke e pili ana i ke anawaena, ka lōʻihi o ke kaula, ke ʻano sila, ka nui hex

aia ma kahi o 15 mau inoa leka like ʻole. ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia ʻike ma ke ʻano: ke anawaena o ke kaula [mm] / ka lōʻihi o ke kaula [mm] / ke ʻano o ke sila / nui hexagon no ka hoʻokomo ʻana [mm].

• KA - 12 mm / 19,0 mm / palahalaha / 14,0 mm;
• KB - 12mm, 19,0mm pālahalaha / 14,0 ʻano Bi-Hex bits;
• MA - 10 mm, 19,0 mm, pālahalaha / 14,0 mm;
• NA - 12 mm, 17,5 mm, tapered / 14,0 mm;
• F - 14 mm, 19,0 mm, pālahalaha / 16,0 mm;
• G - 14 mm, 19,0 mm, pālahalaha / 20,8 mm;
• J - 12 mm, 19,0 mm, pālahalaha / 18,0 mm;
• K - 12 mm, 19,0 mm, pālahalaha / 16,0 mm;
• L - 10 mm, 12,7 mm, pālahalaha / 16,0 mm;
• M - 10 mm, 19,0 mm, pālahalaha / 16,0 mm;
• T - 14 mm, 17,5 mm, tapered / 16,0 mm;
• U - 14 mm, 11,2 mm, tapered / 16,0 mm;
• W - 18 mm, 10,9 mm, tapered / 20,8 mm;
• X - 14mm, 9,5mm palahalaha / 20,8mm;
• Y - 14 mm, 11,2 mm, liʻiliʻi / 16,0 mm.

ʻO ke alo o kahi pale

Inā ʻo ka leka R ma ke kolu o ka wahi i ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia kahi pale i loko o ke kukui e hoʻopaʻa i ka interference radio. Inā ʻaʻohe leka i kuhikuhi ʻia, a laila ʻaʻohe mea pale.

Helu wela

Eia ka wehewehe ʻana o ka helu glow i hui pū me ka maʻamau mua. Helu 2 - nā ihoiho wela, helu 10 - nā ihoiho anu. a me nā waiwai waena.

ʻIke e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā

Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike ma ke ʻano o nā inoa leka ma lalo nei:

• A, B, C - ke koho ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi no ka mea hoʻokele maʻamau a ʻaʻole pili i ka hana;
• I - iridium electrode waena;
• P - waena electrode platinum;
• ʻO Z kahi hoʻolālā kūikawā o ka electrode, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo kona nui he 2,9 millimeters.

Interelectrode āpau a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā electrodes

Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana interelectrode e nā inoa helu ʻewalu:

• kaʻawale - ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau (no kahi kaʻa kaʻa, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i ka laulā o 0,8 ... 0,9 mm);
• 7 - 0,7 mm;
• 9 - 0,9 mm;
• 10 - 1,0 mm;
• 11 - 1,1 mm;
• 13 - 1,3 mm;
• 14 - 1,4 mm;
• 15 - 1,5 mm.

Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kēia ʻike i hoʻopili ʻia ma aneʻi:

• A - hoʻolālā electrode me ke apo sila ʻole;
• D - ka uhi kūikawā o ke kino metala o ke kukui;
• E - kū'ē kūikawā o ke kukui;
• G -ʻaoʻao electrode me ke keleawe kumu;
• H - kaula kukui kūikawā;
• J - ʻelua ʻaoʻao electrodes ka ipukukui;
• K - aia kahi ʻaoʻao electrode i pale ʻia mai ka haʻalulu;
• N - kahi electrode ʻaoʻao kūikawā ma ke kukui;
• Q - hoʻolālā kukui me nā electrodes ʻaoʻao ʻehā;
• S - aia kahi apo hoʻopaʻa kūikawā;
• T - he ʻekolu ʻaoʻao electrodes ke kukui.

ʻO ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā pahu kukui Denso

ʻO Denso spark plugs kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa a kaulana loa ma ka mākeke. ʻO ia ke kumu i komo ai lākou i ka helu o nā kukui maikaʻi loa. ʻO kēia ka ʻike e pili ana i nā kumu kumu i ka māka ʻana i nā kukui Denso. Aia ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i ʻeono mau huaʻōlelo alphabetic a me ka helu, e lawe ana kēlā me kēia i kekahi ʻike. Ua wehewehe ʻia ka decryption mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau.

Ma nā ʻōlelo maʻamau, ua like ia me kēia: nā mea o ka electrode waena / anawaena a me ka lōʻihi o ke kaula, ka nui kī / helu ʻālohilohi / ke alo o kahi pale / ʻano a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kukui / ʻā.

Mea no ka hana ʻana i ka electrode waena

He ʻano alphabetic ka ʻike. ʻo ia hoʻi:

• F - hana ʻia ka electrode waena i ka iridium;
• ʻO P ka uhi platinum o ka electrode waena;
• ʻO I - iridium electrode me ke anawaena o 0,4 mm me nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi;
• V - iridium electrode me ke anawaena o 0,4 mm me ka platinum overlay;
• VF - iridium electrode me ke anawaena o 0,4 me ka nila platinum ma ka aoao electrode.

Ka anawaena, ka loa o ka milo a me ka nui hex

a ukali ʻia e ka ʻike leka e hōʻike ana i ke anawaena o ka milo / ka lōʻihi o ka milo / ka nui hexagon, ma ka millimeters. Aia paha nā koho penei:

• CH - M12 / 26,5 mm / 14,0;
• K — M14 / 19,0 / 16,0;
• KA - M14 / 19,0 / 16,0 (ke kukui pale, loaʻa i nā electrodes triple hou);
• KB - M14 / 19,0 / 16,0 (he mau electrodes triple);
• KBH - M14 / 26,5 / 16,0 (he mau electrodes triple hou);
• KD - M14 / 19,0 / 16,0 (kukui pale);
• KH — М14 / 26,5 / 16,0;
• NH - M10 / 19,0 / 16,0 (ʻo ka hapalua lōʻihi ma ke kukui);
• T - M14 / 17,5 / 16,0 (puʻu conical);
• TF - M14 / 11,2 / 16,0 (puʻu conical);
• TL - M14 / 25,0 / 16,0 (puʻu conical);
• TV - M14 / 25,0 / 16,0 (koko conical);
• Q — M14 / 19,0 / 16,0;
• U — М10 / 19,0 / 16,0;
• UF — М10 / 12,7 / 16,0;
• UH - M10 / 19,0 / 16,0 (lau no ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke kukui);
• W - M14 / 19,0 / 20,6;
• WF — М14 / 12,7 / 20,6;
• WM - M14 / 19,0 / 20,6 (aia kahi insulator paʻa);
• X — M12 / 19,0 / 16,0;
• XEN - M12 / 26,5 / 14,0 (ka pale me ke anawaena o 2,0 mm);
• XG - M12 / 19,0 / 18,0 (ka pale me ke anawaena o 3,0 mm);
• NUI — М12 / 19,0 / 16,0;
• XUH — М12 / 26,5 / 16,0;
• Y - M8 / 19,0 / 13,0 (ka lōʻihi hapalua).

Helu wela

Hōʻike ʻia kēia hōʻailona ma Denso ma ke ʻano kikohoʻe. Hiki ke: 16, 20, 22, 24, 27, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35. No laila, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka helu, ʻoi aku ka wela o nā kukui. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu, ʻoi aku ka anuanu o nā ihoiho.

He mea kūpono hoʻi e ʻike ma aneʻi i kekahi manawa ua kau ʻia ka leka P ma hope o ka helu glow i ka hoʻolālā ʻana.

ʻO ke alo o kahi pale

Inā loaʻa i ka leka R kahi hōʻailona o nā hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻo ia hoʻi ua hāʻawi ʻia ka resistor e ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke kukui. Inā ʻaʻohe leka i kuhikuhi ʻia, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ka resistor. Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā helu helu, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā resistors ma ka hapa nui o nā pahu kukui Denso.

ʻAno ihoiho a me kona mau hiʻohiʻona

ʻike pinepine ʻia (akā ʻaʻole mau) ʻike hou e pili ana i kona ʻano ma ka māka. No laila, hiki ke:

• A - inclined electrode, me ka ʻole o ka U-shaped groove, ʻaʻole ʻano cone ke ʻano;
• B - he insulator e kū ana i kahi mamao e like me 15 mm;
• C - he kukui me ka ʻole o ke ʻano U;
• D - he kukui me ka ʻole o ka U-shaped notch, ʻoiai ka electrode i hana ʻia me ka inconel (kahi mea hoʻohui wela wela);
• E - pale me ke anawaena o 2 mm;
• ES - loaʻa i ka ipukukui ke kila kila;
• F - ʻano ʻenehana kūikawā;
• G - pahu kila kila;
• I - nā electrodes protrude e 4 mm, a me ka insulator - e 1,5 mm;
• J - nā electrodes e hoʻokuʻu i ka 5 mm;
• K - nā electrodes protrude 4 mm, a me ka insulator protrude 2,5 mm;
• L - hoʻopuka nā electrodes e 5 mm;
• T - ua hoʻolālā ʻia ke kukui no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenekini puhi ahi (me HBO);
• ʻO Y - electrode gap he 0,8 mm;
• He ʻano conical ʻo Z.

Ka nui o ke āwangawa

Hōʻike ʻia e nā helu. ʻo ia hoʻi:

• inā ʻaʻohe helu, he maʻamau ka hakahaka no ke kaʻa;
• 7 - 0,7 mm;
• 8 - 0,8 mm;
• 9 - 0,9 mm;
• 10 - 1,0 mm;
• 11 - 1,1 mm;
• 13 - 1,3 mm;
• 14 - 1,4 mm;
• 15 - 1,5 mm.

Pākuʻi hunaahi Bosch

Hoʻokumu ka hui ʻo Bosch i kahi ʻano nui o nā plugs spark, a no laila paʻakikī kā lākou hōʻailona. Eia naʻe, i ka hapanui o nā hihia, aia nā kukui ma ke kūʻai aku, ʻo ka hōʻailona ʻana he ʻewalu mau huaʻōlelo (e like me ka mea maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻehiku no nā kukui uila hoʻokahi).

Ma keʻano maʻamau, ua like ke ʻano o ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana: ke ʻano o ke kākoʻo (saddle), ke anawaena, thread pitch / hoʻololi a me nā waiwai o ka plug / glow number / thread long a me ke alo o ka electrode protrusion / helu o nā electrodes grounding / material o ke kikowaena. electrode / hiʻohiʻona o ka plug a me nā electrodes.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻili a me ka nui o ke kaula

ʻElima mau koho leka:

• D - nā kukui me kahi kaula o ka nui M18 × 1,5 a me kahi kaula conical i hōʻike ʻia. No lākou, hoʻohana ʻia nā hexagons 21 mm.
• F - ka nui o ka pae M14 × 1,5. Loaʻa i kahi noho sila palahalaha (maʻamau).
• H - kaula me ka nui M14 × 1,25. Sila conical.
• M - ke kukui he M18 × 1,5 kaula me kahi noho sila palahalaha.
• W - ka nui o ka pae M14 × 1,25. He palahalaha ka noho sila. ʻO ia kekahi o nā ʻano maʻamau.

Hoʻololi a me nā waiwai hou

Loaʻa iā ia he ʻelima mau huaʻōlelo, ma waena o ia:

• L - ʻo kēia leka ke ʻano o ka ipukukui i loaʻa i kahi ākea semi-surface;
• M - nā ihoiho me kēia inoa i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa haʻuki (racing), ua hoʻonui i ka hana, akā he kumukūʻai;
• Q - nā ihoiho i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko e loaʻa koke ka mahana hana;
• R - i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke kukui aia kahi mea pale e hoʻopaʻa i ka interference radio;
• S - nā ihoiho i kaha ʻia me kēia leka i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mīkini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko haʻahaʻa (pono e hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i kēia ma ka palapala kaʻa a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ke kukui).

Helu wela

Hoʻopuka ʻo Bosch i nā kukui me nā helu kukui ʻokoʻa he 16 - 13, 12,11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 09, 08, 07, 06. ʻO ka helu 13 e pili ana i ke kukui "wela loa". A no laila, ke emi nei ko lākou mehana, a ʻo ka helu 06 e pili ana i ke kukui "ʻoi loa".

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kaula / ka hele ʻana o ka puka electrode

ʻEono mau koho ma kēia ʻāpana:

• A - ʻo 12,7 mm ka lōʻihi o ke kaula o ia mau pahu kukui Bosch, a he mea maʻamau ke kūlana spark (ʻaʻohe protrusion electrode);
• B - e hōʻike i ka lōʻihi o ke kaula he 12,7 millimeters, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka holomua o ke kūlana o ka uila (aia kahi protrusion electrode);
• C - he 19 mm ka lōʻihi o ia mau ihoiho, he mea maʻamau ke kūlana spark;
• D - he 19 mm ka lōʻihi o ke kaula, akā me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka uila;
• DT - e like me ka mea ma mua, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kaula he 19 mm me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke ahi, akā ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ʻo ka hele ʻana o ʻekolu mau electrodes nui (ʻo ka nui o nā electrodes, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola plug);
• L - ma ke kukui, he 19 mm ka lōʻihi o ke kaula, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kūlana spark.

Ka helu o nā electrodes nuipa

Loaʻa kēia koho inā loaʻa ka helu o nā electrodes mai ʻelua a ʻehā. Inā he uila hoʻokahi maʻamau ke kukui, a laila ʻaʻohe inoa.

• ʻaʻohe inoa - hoʻokahi electrode;
• D - ʻelua mau electrodes maikaʻi ʻole;
• T - ekolu electrodes;
• Q - eha electrodes.

Mea o ka waena (waena) electrode

ʻElima mau koho leka, me:

• C - hana ʻia ka electrode i ke keleawe (hiki ke uhi ʻia ka nickel alloy me ka keleawe);
• E - nickel-yttrium alloy;
• S - kālā;
• P - platinum (i kekahi manawa ua loaʻa ka inoa PP, ʻo ia hoʻi, waiho ʻia kahi papa o ka platinum ma ka mea nickel-yttrium o ka electrode e hoʻonui ai i kona lōʻihi);
• ʻO wau - platinum-iridium.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kukui a me nā electrodes

Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻike ma ke kikohoʻe:

• 0 - he ʻokoʻa ke kukui mai ke ʻano nui;
• 1 - ka ʻaoʻao electrode i hana ʻia me ka nickel;
• 2 - he bimetallic ka electrode ʻaoʻao;
• 4 - he cone wela elongated ka ipukukui;
• 9 - he hoʻolālā kūikawā ke kukui.

ʻO nā hōʻailona hoʻoheheʻe ahi

Ua kaulana loa nā kukui mai ka hui Brisk i nā kaʻa kaʻa ma muli o ko lākou kumukūʻai maikaʻi maikaʻi. E noʻonoʻo mākou i nā kikoʻī e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka decoding i ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā plug spark Brisk. No ka koho ʻana, ʻewalu mau huaʻōlelo helu a me ka alphabetic ma ka lālani.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau ma ke kaʻina aʻe: ka nui o ke kino / ke ʻano o ka plug / ke ʻano o ka pilina uila kiʻekiʻe / ke kū ʻana o kahi pale / glow rating / hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā o ka mea hopu / mea o ka electrode nui / āpau ma waena o nā electrodes.

Ka nui o ke kino kukui

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau leka. Hāʻawi ʻia nā waiwai hou aʻe ma ke ʻano: ke anawaena thread / pitch pitch / thread long / nut (hex) diameter / type of seal (noho).

• A - M10 / 1,0 / 19 / 16 / palahalaha;
• B - M12 / 1,25 / 19 / 16 / palahalaha;
• BB - M12 / 1,25 / 19 / 18 / palahalaha;
• C - M10 / 1,0 / 26,5 / 14,0 / palahalaha;
• D - M14 / 1,25 / 19 / 16 / palahalaha;
• E - M14 / 1,25 / 26,5 / 16 / palahalaha;
• F — M18 / 1,50 / 11,2 / 21,0 / conical;
• G — M14 / 1,25 / 17,5 / 16 / conical;
• H — M14 / 1,25 / 11,2 / 16 / conical;
• J - M14 / 1,25 / 9,5 / 21 / palahalaha;
• K - M14 / 1,25 / 9,5 / 21 / palahalaha;
• L - M14 / 1,25 / 19 / 21 / palahalaha;
• M - M12 / 1,25 / 26,5 / 14 / palahalaha;
• N - M14 / 1,25 / 12,7 / 21 / palahalaha;
• NA - M10 / 1,00 / 12,7 / 16,0 / palahalaha;
• P - M14 / 1,25 / 9 / 19 / palahalaha;
• Q - M12 / 1,25 / 26,5 / 16 / palahalaha;
• R — M14 / 1,25 / 25 / 16 / conical;
• S - M10 / 1,00 / 9,5 / 16 / palahalaha;
• T - M10 / 1,00 / 12,7 / 16 / palahalaha;
• U — M14 / 1,25 / 16,0 / 16 / conical;
• 3V — M16 / 1,50 / 14,2 / 14,2 / conical;
• X - M12 / 1,25 / 14,0 / 14 / cone.

Puka puka

ʻEkolu mau koho leka:

• ʻaʻole ka māla (ʻaʻole) - ke ʻano maʻamau o ka hoʻopuka;
• He ʻano lōʻihi ʻo O;
• P - kaula mai ka waena o ke kino.

Pili uila kiʻekiʻe

ʻElua nā koho:

• ua kaʻawale ke kahua - ua maʻamau ka pilina, i hana ʻia e like me ISO 28741;
• E - pili kūikawā, i hanaʻia e like me ke kūlana no ka VW Group.

ʻO ke alo o kahi pale

Hoʻopili ʻia kēia ʻike ma kēia ʻano:

• ʻAʻole hāʻawi ka hoʻolālā i kahi pale mai ka hoʻopili radio;
• R - aia ka mea pale i ke kukui;
• X - ma waho aʻe o ka resistor, aia kekahi pale hou i ka pau ʻana o nā electrodes ma ke kukui.

Helu wela

Ma nā ihoiho Brisk, hiki ke like me kēia: 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08. ʻO ka helu 19 e pili ana i nā pahu kukui wela loa. No laila, pili ka helu 08 i ke anu loa.

Hoʻolālā hopu

Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻike ma ke ʻano maoli penei:

• kahua hakahaka - ʻaʻole i wehe ʻia ka insulator;
• Y - insulator mamao;
• L - insulator hana kūikawā;
• B - mānoanoa ka piko o ka insulator;
• D - ʻelua ʻaoʻao electrodes;
• T - aia ʻekolu mau ʻaoʻao electrodes;
• Q - ʻehā ʻaoʻao electrodes;
• F - ʻelima ʻaoʻao electrodes;
• S - ʻeono ʻaoʻao electrodes;
• G - hoʻokahi electrode ʻaoʻao mau a puni ka perimeter;
• X - aia hoʻokahi electrode kōkua ma ka piko o ka insulator;
• Z - aia ʻelua mau electrodes kōkua ma ka insulator a hoʻokahi paʻa a puni ka perimeter;
• ʻO M kahi mana kūikawā o ka mea hopu.

Mea electrode waena

Hiki ke loaʻa nā koho leka ʻeono. ʻo ia hoʻi:

• ua kaʻawale ke kahua - ua hana ʻia ka electrode kikowaena i ka nickel (maʻamau);
• C - ke kumu o ka electrode i hana ʻia i ke keleawe;
• E - ua hana ʻia ke kumu i ke keleawe, akā ua hoʻohui ʻia me ka yttrium, ua like ka electrode ʻaoʻao;
• S - ke kala kala;
• P - platinum kumu;
• IR - ma ka electrode waena, hana ʻia ka pilina me ka iridium.

mamao interelectrode

Hiki ke koho ʻia ma nā helu a ma ke ʻano alphabetical:

• kahua hakahaka - kahi āpau maʻamau e pili ana i 0,4 ... 0,8 mm;
• 1 - 1,0 ... 1,1 mm;
• 3 - 1,3 mm;
• 5 - 1,5 mm;
• T - ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka pahu kukui kūikawā;
• 6 - 0,6 mm;
• 8 - 0,8 mm;
• 9 - 0,9 mm.

Ka Hoʻomākaʻikaʻi ʻana i ka Pulu Makana

He ʻano hōʻailona ko nā ʻōhua "Champion" me ʻelima mau huaʻōlelo. ʻAʻole maopopo loa ka inoa i kēia hihia i kahi kanaka maʻamau, no laila, i ke koho ʻana, pono e alakaʻi ʻia e ka ʻike kuhikuhi ma lalo nei. Hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā mea maʻamau, mai ka hema a i ka ʻākau.

Ma nā ʻōlelo maʻamau, hōʻike ʻia lākou penei: nā hiʻohiʻona kukui / nā ana o ke anawaena a me ka lōʻihi o ke kaula / helu glow / nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā o nā electrodes / āpau ma waena o nā electrodes.

Nā hiʻohiʻona kukui

Nā koho ʻano helu ʻekahi:

• B - he noho conical ke kukui;
• E - kukui pale me ka nui o 5/8 iniha me 24;
• ʻO - ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke kukui e hāʻawi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pale uea;
• Q - aia kahi mea hoʻopiʻi inductive o ke keakea radio;
• R - aia kahi mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa lekiō maʻamau i ke kukui;
• U - loaʻa i ka ipukukui kahi āwaha kōkua;
• X - aia kahi pale i loko o ke kukui;
• C - ke kukui no ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "bows" type;
• D - kukui me kahi noho conical a me ke ʻano "bow";
• ʻO T kahi ʻano "bantam" kūikawā (ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi ʻano compact kūikawā).

Ka nui o ka milo

ʻO ke anawaena a me ka lōʻihi o ke kaula ma nā kukui "Champion" i hoʻopili ʻia i nā huapalapala alphabetic, a ma ka manawa like ua māhele ʻia i nā kukui me kahi noho pālahalaha a conical. No ka maʻalahi, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia kēia ʻike ma kahi pākaukau.

Palani	Anawaena o ka milo, mm	Ka lōʻihi o ke kaula, mm
noho palahalaha
A	12	19
C	14	19,0
D	18	12,7
G	10	19,0
H	14	11,1
J	14	9,5
K	18	11,1
L	14	12,7
N	14	19,0
P	14	12,5
R	12	19,0
Y	10	6,3… 7,9
Z	10	12,5
Noho conical
F	18	11,7
S, aka BN	14	18,0
V, aka BL	14	11,7

Helu wela

Ma lalo o ka Champion trademark, hoʻopuka ʻia nā pahu kukui no nā ʻano kaʻa like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i nā plugs i hoʻohana nui ʻia ka helu ʻālohilohi mai ka 1 a hiki i ka 25. ʻO kekahi ka plug anu loa, a no laila, ʻo 25 ka plug wela loa. No nā kaʻa heihei, hana ʻia nā ihoiho me ka helu ʻālohilohi mai ka 51 a hiki i ka 75. ʻO ka gradation o ke anuanu a me ka wela ua like ia no lākou.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā electrodes

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā o nā electrodes o nā kukui "Champion" i hoʻopili ʻia i ke ʻano o nā huapalapala alphabetic. Ua wehe ʻia lākou penei:

• A - electrodes o ka hoʻolālā maʻamau;
• B - loaʻa i ke kukui kekahi mau electrodes ʻaoʻao;
• C - ke kikowaena electrode he keleawe kumu;
• G - hana ʻia ka electrode waena i nā mea wela-pale;
• V - ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke kukui e hāʻawi ai i kahi ākea huna;
• X - he hoʻolālā kūikawā ko ke kukui;
• CC - ʻo ka electrode ʻaoʻao he kumu keleawe;
• BYC - ʻo ka electrode waena he kumu keleawe, a ʻoi aku, ʻelua mau ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ke kukui;
• BMC - he keleawe ko ka honua electrode, a he ʻekolu mau electrodes lepo ka pulupulu.

ʻākea ʻā

Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana ma waena o nā electrodes i ka hōʻailona ʻana o Champion spark plugs e kahi helu. ʻo ia hoʻi:

• 4 — 1 milimita;
• 5 - 1,3 mm;
• 6 - 1,5 mm;
• 8 - 2 mm.

ʻO nā hōʻailona puhi ahi Beru

Ma lalo o ka hōʻailona Beru, ua hana ʻia nā plug spark premium a me ka budget. Eia naʻe, i ka hapanui o nā hihia, hāʻawi ka mea hana i ka ʻike e pili ana iā lākou ma kahi ʻano maʻamau - kahi code alphanumeric. ʻEhiku mau huaʻōlelo. Hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia lākou mai ka ʻākau a hema a haʻi i ka mea nona ke kaʻa i ka ʻike penei: ke anawaena o ke kukui a me ka pitch pitch / hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā kukui / helu ʻālohilohi / lōʻihi o ke kaula / hoʻolālā electrode / mea electrode nui / hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā kino kukui.

ʻO ke anawaena o ka milo a me ka pitch

Hāʻawi ka mea hana i kēia ʻike ma ke ʻano kikohoʻe.

• 10 - kaula M10 × 1,0;
• 12 - kaula M12 × 1,25;
• 14 - kaula M14 × 1,25;
• 18 - kaula M18 × 1,5.

Nā Kūlana Kūlana

He aha ke ʻano o ka pahu ahi aʻu i lawe ai i ka hoʻolālā i hōʻike ʻia e ka mea hana ma ke ʻano o nā leka leka:

• B - aia ka pale, ka pale ʻana i ka wai a me ke kū'ē ʻana i ka mae, a ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ia mau kukui i loaʻa i kahi protrusion electrode e like me 7 mm;
• C - like, pale ʻia lākou, wai ʻole, puhi ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi a ʻo kā lākou electrode protrusion he 5 mm;
• F - hōʻike kēia hōʻailona i ka nui o ka noho o ke kukui ma mua o ka nut;
• G - he ʻōlinolino ko ke kukui;
• ʻO GH - he kukui hoʻoheheʻe ka kukui, a ma waho aʻe o kēia, kahi hoʻonui nui o ka electrode waena;
• K - he o-ring ke kukui no ka mauna conical;
• R - ʻo ka hoʻolālā e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea pale e pale aku i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka lekiō;
• S - hoʻohana ʻia kēlā mau kukui no nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko haʻahaʻa (pono e kuhikuhi ʻia nā ʻike hou aʻe ma ka manual);
• T - he kukui no nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko haʻahaʻa, akā he o-ring;
• Z - nā ihoiho no nā ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko ʻelua.

Helu wela

ʻO ka mea hana i nā kukui Beru, ʻo ka helu glow o kāna mau huahana e like me kēia: 13, 12,11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 09, 08, 07. ʻO ka helu 13 pili i ke kukui wela, a me 07 - anu.

Ka lōʻihi o ke kaula

Hōʻike ka mea hana i ka lōʻihi o ke kaula ma ke ʻano maoli:

• ʻO A - 12,7 mm ke kaula;
• B - 12,7 mm maʻamau a i ʻole 11,2 mm me kahi o-ring no kahi mauna cone;
• C - 19 mm;
• D - 19 mm mau a i ʻole 17,5 mm me kahi sila cone;
• E - 9,5 mm;
• F - 9,5 mm.

Hoʻokō i ka hoʻolālā electrode

Nā koho hiki:

• A - he ʻano triangular ka electrode lepo ma ka nuipa;
• ʻO T he electrode honua multi-band;
• D - he ʻelua electrodes lepo ka ipukukui.

ʻO ka mea i hana ʻia ai ka electrode kikowaena

ʻEkolu aʻe koho:

• U - ua hana ʻia ka electrode i kahi hui keleawe-nickel;
• S - i hana ʻia i ke kālā;
• P - platinum.

ʻIke e pili ana i ka mana kūikawā o ka pulupulu

Hāʻawi ka mea hana i ka ʻike aʻe:

• ʻO - ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ka electrode waena o ke kukui (mānoanoa);
• R - ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūʻē ʻana o ke kukui i ke ahi a lōʻihi ke ola lawelawe;
• X - ʻo ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ke kukui he 1,1 mm;
• 4 - 'O kēia hō'ailona 'o ia ho'i, he wahi ea ko ka pulupulu ahi a puni kona electrode waena.

Papa Hoʻololi Pākuʻi

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ua hui pū ʻia nā kukui a pau i hana ʻia e nā mea hana hale me nā kukui i lawe ʻia mai. ʻO kēia ka papaʻaina e hōʻuluʻulu ana i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā huahana e hiki ke pani i nā pahu kukui home kaulana no nā kaʻa like ʻole.

Rusia/USSR	LAWE AU	KA BOSCH	PALAPALA	ua kanaka koa lā	MAGNETI MARELLI	PELEKANIA	NIPPON DENSO
А11, А11-1, А11-3	14-9A	W9A	N19	L86	FL4N	B4H	W14F
A11R	14R-9A	WR9A	NR19	RL86	FL4NR	BR4H	W14FR
A14B, A14B-2	14-8B	W8B	N17Y	L92Y	FL5NR	BP5H	W16FP
A14VM	14-8BU	W8BC	N17YC	L92YC	F5NC	BP5HS	W16FP-U
A14VR	14R-7B	WR8B	NR17Y	-	FL5NPR	BPR5H	W14FPR
A14D	14-8C	W8C	L17	N5	FL5L	B5EB	W17E
A14DV	14-8D	W8D	L17Y	N11Y	FL5LP	BP5E	W16EX
A14DVR	14R-8D	WR8D	LR17Y	NR11Y	FL5LPR	BPR5E	W16EXR
A14DVRM	14R-8DU	WR8DC	LR17YC	RN11YC	F5LCR	BPR5ES	W16EXR-U
A17B	14-7B	W7B	N15Y	L87Y	FL6NP	BP6H	W20FP
A17D	14-7C	W7C	L15	N4	FL6L	B6EM	W20EA
А17ДВ, А17ДВ-1, А17ДВ-10	14-7D	W7D	L15Y	N9Y	FL7LP	BP6E	W20EP
A17DVM	14-7DU	W7DC	L15YC	N9YC	F7LC	BP6ES	W20EP-U
A17DVR	14R-7D	WR7D	LR15Y	RN9Y	FL7LPR	BPR6E	W20EXR
A17DVRM	14R-7DU	WR7DC	LR15YC	RN9YC	F7LPR	BPR6ES	W20EPR-U
AU17DVRM	14FR-7DU	FR7DCU	DR15YC	RC9YC	7LPR	BCPR6ES	Q20PR-U
A20D, A20D-1	14-6C	W6C	L14	N3	FL7L	B7E	W22ES
A23-2	14-5A	W5A	N12	L82	FL8N	B8H	W24FS
A23B	14-5B	W5B	N12Y	L82Y	FL8NP	BP8H	W24FP
A23DM	14-5CU	W5CC	L82C	N3C	CW8L	B8ES	W24ES-U
A23DVM	14-5DU	W5DC	L12YC	N6YC	F8LC	BP8ES	W24EP-U

hopena

He mea maʻalahi ka wehewehe ʻana i ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā plugs, akā paʻakikī. ʻO ka mea i luna e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo maʻalahi i nā ʻenehana loea o nā huahana mai nā mea hana kaulana loa. Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe ma ka honua. i mea e wehewehe ai iā lākou, ua lawa ia e hoʻokaʻaʻike aku i ka luna ʻelele a i ʻole e noi i ka ʻike pili ma ka pūnaewele official o ka mea hana. Inā ʻaʻohe ʻelele kūhelu a i ʻole kahi pūnaewele mana a he liʻiliʻi ka ʻike e pili ana iā ia ma ka laulā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻole ʻana mai ke kūʻai ʻana i nā ihoiho like ʻole.