Hoailona kukui kaa
Nā mea
hōʻailona kukui Hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i ka mea nona ka kaʻa i ka ʻike he nui, e like me ke ʻano o nā kukui i hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o lākou, kā lākou ʻāpana, ka ʻāina kahi i hoʻopuka ʻia ai ka ʻae kūhelu no ka hana ʻana o ia mau kukui, ke ʻano o ke kukui i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e lākou, ka ka mālamalama (ma ka lux), ke kuhikuhi o ka huakaʻi, a me ka lā o ka hana ʻana. ʻO ka mea hope loa he mea hoihoi loa i ka pōʻaiapili o ka hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia kēiaʻike e nānā i ka makahiki maoli i ke kūʻaiʻana i kahi kaʻa hoʻohana. Loaʻa i nā mea hana pākahi o nā kukui mīkini (e laʻa me KOITO a i ʻole HELLA) i kā lākou mau inoa ponoʻī, pono e ʻike i ke kūʻai ʻana a kūʻai paha i kaʻa. ʻOi aku ma ka mea, hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻike ma nā ʻano hōʻailona like ʻole no nā kukui kukui LED, xenon a me halogen.
- Hōʻailona ʻae honua. Ma keia hihia i aponoia ma Germany.
- ʻO ka leka A ke ʻano o ke kukui he kukui mua a i ʻole ke kukui ʻaoʻao.
- ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā hōʻailona HR, ʻo ia ka mea inā hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kukui halogen i ke kukui, a laila no ke kukui kiʻekiʻe wale nō.
- ʻO nā hōʻailona DCR ke manaʻo nei inā hoʻokomo ʻia nā kukui xenon i ke kukui, hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia no nā kukui haʻahaʻa a me ke kukui kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻO ka helu kumu alakaʻi i kapa ʻia (VOCH). ʻO nā waiwai o 12,5 a me 17,5 e pili ana i ka ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
- Hōʻike nā pua e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kukui poʻo ma nā mīkini i hoʻolālā ʻia no ke kaʻa ʻana ma nā alanui me nā kaʻa ʻākau a me ka lima hema.
- Hōʻike nā hōʻailona PL i ka mea nona ke kaʻa ua kau ʻia kahi lens plastik ma ke kukui.
- ʻO ka hōʻailona IA i kēia hihia, ʻo ia ka mea i loaʻa i ke poʻo i kahi reflector no ka lawe mīkini.
- ʻO nā helu ma luna aʻe o nā pua e hōʻike ana i nā pākēneka o ke ʻano e hoʻopuehu ʻia ai ke kukui haʻahaʻa. Hana ʻia kēia i mea e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka flux kukui o nā kukui.
- ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia he ʻae kūhelu. 'Ōlelo ia i nā kūlana e kū ai ke kukui. Hōʻike nā helu i ka helu homologation (hōʻano hou). Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea hana kona mau kūlana ponoʻī, a hoʻokō pū me nā kūlana honua.
Hōʻailona kukui ma ka māhele
ʻO ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana he hōʻailona maopopo ʻole o ka ʻae honua, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka ʻāina i hāʻawi i ka ʻae, ka ʻāpana headlamp, kona helu, ke ʻano o nā kukui hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka inoa ʻē aʻe no ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana he homologation, hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo i nā pōʻai ʻoihana. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ka māka i ka lens a me ka hale kukui. Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ka diffuser a me ke poʻo poʻo i ka hoʻonohonoho, a laila hoʻopili ʻia ka hōʻailona kūpono i kāna aniani pale.
I kēia manawa e neʻe kākou i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻano kukui. No laila, ʻekolu mau ʻano:
- nā kukui no nā kukui kukui kuʻuna (i kēia manawa ua emi a emi iki);
- nā kukui no nā kukui halogen;
- nā kukui no nā kukui xenon (ʻo ia hoʻi nā kukui hoʻokuʻu / kukui);
- nā kukui diode (kahi inoa ʻo nā kukui hau).
Wili piila. Hōʻike ka leka C ua hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e ʻālohilohi me ke kukui haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka leka R - ke kukui kiʻekiʻe, ka hui pū ʻana o nā leka CR - hiki i ke kukui ke hoʻokuʻu i nā kukui haʻahaʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka hui ʻana o C / R ʻo ia ka mea hiki i ke kukui ke hoʻokuʻu i ka haʻahaʻa. a i ʻole ke kukui kiʻekiʻe (Rules UNECE No. 112, GOST R 41.112-2005).
Nā kukui Halogen. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā leka HC ʻo ia hoʻi he kukui kukui haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o HR ʻo ia ke kukui no ka hoʻokele kaola, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o ka HCR ʻo ia hoʻi he kukui haʻahaʻa a me ke kukui kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o HC / R he kukui no ke kukui haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe paha (UNECE Regulation No. 112, GOST R 41.112-2005).
Xenon (hoʻokuʻu kinoea) kukui. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā leka DC ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia ke kukui e hoʻokuʻu i ke kukui haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o DR ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokuʻu ai ke kukui i ke kukui kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o DCR ʻo ia ka mea he haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe ke kukui, a ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o DC / R 'o ia ho'i he kukui ha'aha'a a ki'eki'e paha ke kukui (Regulatory UNECE No. 98, GOST R 41.98-99).
ʻO ka hōʻailona HCHR ma nā kaʻa Iapana ʻo ia hoʻi - HID C Halogen R, ʻo ia hoʻi, haʻahaʻa xenon, kukui halogen kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO nā kukui maikaʻi loa no nā kaʻa
E ʻike i nā ʻōpuʻu e hoʻokomo i nā kukui o kāu kaʻa. Hāʻawi ʻia nā helu no nā kukui kaulana i nā kumu h1, h4 a me h7. Hoʻopili ʻia nā papa inoa ma muli o nā ana o nā hōʻailona kino o nā kukui a me ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona
Hoailona Apono International
ʻO nā kukui laikini āpau i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā kaʻa hou i loaʻa kekahi ʻano hōʻoia. ʻO nā kūlana maʻamau ka mea maʻamau: ʻo ka leka "E" e like me ka European standard, ka pōkole DOT (Department Of Transport - United States Department of Transportation) - ke kūlana mua ʻAmelika, ka hui pū ʻana o SAE (Society Of Automotive Engineers - Society of Machine Engineers) - kekahi maʻamau e like me ia, me nā aila ʻenekini.
Ke hōʻailona nei i nā kukui, e like me ka wā e hōʻailona ai i nā kukui, hoʻohana ʻia kahi helu kikoʻī e koho i nā ʻāina. Hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka ʻike pili i kahi papa.
| Helu | Country Name | Helu | Country Name | Helu | Country Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | 13 | Luxembourg | 25 | ʻO Croatia |
| 2 | France | 14 | Kuikilana | 26 | Slovenia |
| 3 | Italy | 15 | ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia | 27 | ʻO Slovakia |
| 4 | Netherlands | 16 | Norway | 28 | Belarus |
| 5 | Kuekene | 17 | Finland | 29 | Estonia |
| 6 | Pelekiuma | 18 | Denmark | 30 | ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia |
| 7 | Hungary | 19 | Romania | 31 | Bosnia a me Herzegovina |
| 8 | ʻO Czech Republic | 20 | Poland | 32 ... 36 | ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia |
| 9 | Spain | 21 | ʻO Portugal | 37 | 'Okake |
| 10 | ʻO Iselalia | 22 | The Russian Hui | 38-39 | ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia |
| 11 | ʻO United Kingdom | 23 | Greece | 40 | Lepupalika o Makedonia |
| 12 | Austria | 24 | ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia | - | - |
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kukui e loaʻa i ka hōʻailona o ka mea hana a i ʻole ka brand kahi i hana ʻia ai ka huahana. Pēlā nō, hōʻike ʻia ka wahi o ka mea hana (pinepine ʻo ia ka ʻāina kahi i hana ʻia ai ke kukui, no ka laʻana, Made in Taiwan), a me ke ʻano o ka maikaʻi (hiki i kēia ke kūlana honua, no ka laʻana, ISO, a i ʻole nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o loko o kekahi mea hana kikoʻī).
ʻAno kukui i hoʻopuka ʻia
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kukui i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma kahi o ka inoa o ka hōʻailona pōʻai. No laila, ma kahi o nā ʻano o ka radiation i luna (halogen, xenon, LED), aia kekahi mau inoa aʻe:
- ʻO ka leka L. ke ʻano o nā kumu kukui no ka pā laikini hope o ke kaʻa.
- ʻO ka leka A (ua hui pū ʻia me ka leka D, ʻo ia hoʻi, pili ka homologation i nā kukui kukui). ʻO ka koho ʻana e pili ana i nā kukui kūlana mua a i ʻole nā kukui ʻaoʻao.
- ʻO ka leka R (like, i kekahi manawa me ka leka D). ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ke kukui huelo.
- ʻO nā hui pū ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo S1, S2, S3 (e like me ka leka D). ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā kukui brake.
- ʻO ka leka B. ʻO kēia keʻano o nā kukui noe mua i kohoʻia (ma ka inoa Lūkini - PTF).
- ʻO ka leka F. ʻO ka inoa e pili ana i ke kukui noe hope, i kau ʻia ma nā kaʻa, a me nā kaʻa.
- ʻO ka leka S. ʻO ka inoa e pili ana i kahi kukui aniani āpau.
- Ke koho ʻana i ka hōʻailona kuhikuhi mua 1, 1B, 5 - ʻaoʻao, 2a - hope (emit lākou i ke kukui ʻalani).
- Hiki mai nā hōʻailona huli i ke kala ʻālohilohi (māmā keʻokeʻo), akā ʻālohilohi lākou ma muli o nā kukui ʻalani i loko.
- ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā hōʻailona AR. ʻO kēia ke ʻano e ʻike ʻia ai nā kukui hoʻohuli i kau ʻia ma nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa.
- Palapala RL. no laila e hōʻailona i nā kukui fluorescent.
- ʻO kahi hui o nā leka PL. ʻO ia mau hōʻailona e pili ana i nā kukui me nā lens plastic.
- 02A - ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke kukui ʻaoʻao (nui).
ʻO ka mea hoihoi i nā kaʻa i manaʻo ʻia no ka mākeke ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (United States of America, Canada) ʻaʻole i like nā inoa like me nā Europa, akā aia kā lākou. No ka laʻana, ʻulaʻula maʻamau nā "hōʻailona huli" ma nā kaʻa ʻAmelika (ʻoiai aia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe). ʻO nā hui hōʻailona IA, IIIA, IB, IIIB nā mea hoʻohālike. ʻO ka hōʻailona I pili i nā mea hoʻomanaʻo no nā kaʻa kaʻa, hōʻailona III no nā kaʻa kaʻa, a ʻo ka hōʻailona B pili i nā kukui i kau ʻia.
Wahi a nā lula, ma nā kaʻa ʻAmelika me ka lōʻihi o ʻoi aku ma mua o 6 mika, pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā kukui hōʻailona ʻaoʻao. He ʻalani ko lākou waihoʻoluʻu a ua koho ʻia ʻo SM1 a me SM2 (no nā kaʻa kaʻa). Hoʻopuka nā kukui ʻulaʻula. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā trailers me ka triangular-like reflector me ka inoa ІІІА a me nā kukui contour.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine ma ka papa ʻike he ʻike pū kekahi e pili ana i ke kihi mua o ka inclination, kahi e hoʻopuehu ʻia ai ka lāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine aia ma ka laulā o 1 ... 1,5%. I kēia hihia, pono e loaʻa i kahi hoʻoponopono kihi kihi, no ka mea me nā ukana kaʻa ʻokoʻa, hoʻololi pū ke kihi hoʻomālamalama o ke poʻo (ma ka ʻōlelo ʻana, i ka wā i hoʻouka nui ʻia ai ka hope o ke kaʻa, ʻaʻole kuhikuhi ʻia ke kumu kukui kukui mai nā kukui. alanui, akā i mua pono o ke kaʻa a hiki iki i luna). I nā kaʻa hou, ʻo ka mea maʻamau, he mea hoʻoponopono uila kēia, a ʻae lākou iā ʻoe e hoʻololi pololei i ke kihi kūpono mai ka noho o ka mea hoʻokele i ke kaʻa ʻana. I nā kaʻa kahiko, pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia kihi i ke kukui.
Ua kaha ʻia kekahi mau kukui me ka SAE a i ʻole DOT (European and American standard of auto manufacturers) standard number.
Ka waiwai o ka mama
Aia ma luna o nā kukui a pau he hōʻailona no ka ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kukui kukui (ma ka lux) e hiki ai i kahi kukui a i ʻole nā kukui kukui ke hāʻawi. Kapa ʻia kēia waiwai i ka helu kumu alakaʻi (i hoʻopau ʻia ʻo VCH). No laila, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai VOC, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka mālamalama i hoʻopuka ʻia e nā kukui, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka laulā o kāna hoʻolaha. E ʻoluʻolu e pili ana kēia mākaʻikaʻi no nā kukui poʻo me nā kaola kiʻekiʻe.
E like me nā lula a me nā lula o kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā mea hana hou a pau e hana i nā kukui me kahi kumu helu kumu nui ma mua o 50 (e like me 150 tausani candelas, cd). No ka nui o ka nui o ka luminous i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā kukui āpau i kau ʻia ma ke alo o ke kaʻa, ʻaʻole pono lākou ma mua o 75, a i ʻole 225 tausani candela. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa nā kukui no nā kaʻa kūikawā a me / a i ʻole nā ʻāpana i pani ʻia o nā alanui, a me nā ʻāpana i mamao loa mai nā ʻāpana o ke alanui i hoʻohana ʻia e ka halihali maʻamau (civilian).
Ke kuhikuhi o ka huakaʻi
He kūpono kēia hōʻailona no nā kaʻa me ka lima ʻākau, ʻo ia hoʻi, no ka mea i hana mua ʻia e hoʻokele ma nā alanui me ka lima hema. Hōʻailona ʻia kēia hana me nā pua. No laila, inā ma ka hōʻailona ma ke kukui e ʻike ʻia kahi pua e kuhikuhi ana i ka hema, a laila, no laila, pono e hoʻokomo ʻia ke kukui i loko o kahi kaʻa i hoʻolālā ʻia no ke kaʻa ʻana ma nā alanui me ka lima hema. Inā ʻelua mau pua like (e kuhikuhi ʻia i ka ʻākau a me ka hema), a laila hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia kēlā mau kukui ma ke kaʻa no nā alanui me ka lima hema a me ka lima ʻākau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kēia hihia, pono ka hoʻoponopono hou o nā kukui.
Eia naʻe, i ka hapanui o nā hihia, nalo wale nā pua, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono e kau ʻia ke kukui ma luna o kahi kaʻa i hoʻolālā ʻia e holo ma nā alanui kaʻa ʻākau. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi pua ma muli o ka nui o nā alanui me nā kaʻa lima ʻākau ma ka honua ma mua o nā kaʻa hema, e like me nā kaʻa pili.
ʻApono kūhelu
Nui nā kukui (akā ʻaʻole nā mea a pau) i loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i nā kūlana i hoʻokō ai ka huahana. A pili ia i ka mea hana kikoʻī. ʻO ka maʻamau, aia ka ʻike maʻamau ma lalo o ka hōʻailona i loko o ka pōʻai. ʻO ka maʻamau, mālama ʻia ka ʻike ma kahi hui o nā helu he nui. ʻO nā mea mua ʻelua o lākou nā hoʻololi i hana ʻia e kēia kumu hoʻohālike poʻo (inā loaʻa, inā ʻaʻole, ʻelua mau zeros ka helu mua). ʻO nā helu i koe ka helu homologation pākahi.
He nui nā kaʻa kaʻa e hoihoi i ka nīnau o kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hōʻailona ʻana o nā kukui hou a i hoʻokomo ʻia paha ma ke kaʻa. ʻO ka pinepine, pili ka ʻike pili i ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka hale kukui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma lalo o ka pā. ʻO kahi koho ʻē aʻe e paʻi ʻia ka ʻike ma ke aniani o ke kukui mai kona ʻaoʻao i loko. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, no kekahi mau kukui, ʻaʻole hiki ke heluhelu ʻia ka ʻike me ka ʻole e wehe mua i nā kukui mai ko lākou noho. Ma muli o ke ʻano kaʻa kūikawā.
E kaha ana i nā kukui xenon
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua kaulana loa nā kukui xenon me nā kaʻa kaʻa home. Loaʻa iā lākou nā mea maikaʻi ma mua o nā kumu kukui halogen maʻamau. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano kumu ʻē aʻe - D2R (ka mea i kapa ʻia he reflex) a i ʻole D2S (ka mea i kapa ʻia he projector), a ʻo ka mahana wela ma lalo o 5000 K (ʻo ka helu 2 i nā koho e pili ana i ka lua o nā kukui, a. ka helu 1, kēlā me kēia, i ka mua, akā ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou i kēia manawa no nā kumu maopopo). E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokō pono ʻia ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā kukui xenon, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me nā lula a me nā lula i mana. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi kukui xenon i kahi hale kūʻai hoʻoponopono kaʻa kūikawā.
ʻO kēia nā inoa kikoʻī no nā kukui halogen, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo inā hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ke kukui xenon.
- DC/DR. I loko o ia ʻano kukui he mau kumu kaʻawale o nā kukui haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hana ʻia kēlā mau inoa ma nā kukui hoʻokuʻu kinoea. No laila, ma kahi o lākou, hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i "xenons", akā naʻe, e like me nā lula i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna.
- DC/HR. Hoʻolālā ʻia ia mau kukui e hoʻopili ʻia me nā kukui hoʻokuʻu kinoea no nā kukui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ia mau kukui ma nā ʻano kukui ʻē aʻe.
- HC/HR. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia māka ma nā kukui o nā kaʻa Iapana. ʻO ia ka mea ma kahi o nā kukui halogen, hiki ke kau ʻia nā xenon ma luna o lākou. Inā loaʻa kēia palapala ma kahi kaʻa ʻEulopa a ʻAmelika paha, a laila pāpā ʻia ke kau ʻana o nā kukui xenon ma luna o lākou! No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kukui halogen no lākou. A pili kēia i nā kukui kukui haʻahaʻa a me nā kukui kukui kiʻekiʻe.
I kekahi manawa, kākau ʻia nā helu ma mua o nā hōʻailona i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna (e laʻa, 04). Hōʻike kēia kiʻi i nā loli i ka palapala a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā kukui e like me nā koi o ka UNECE Regulation me ka helu i hōʻike ʻia ma mua o nā hōʻailona i ʻōlelo ʻia.
No nā wahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai ka ʻike e pili ana i ke kukui, hiki i nā kumu kukui xenon ke loaʻa ʻekolu o lākou:
- pololei ma ke aniani mai loko mai;
- ma luna o ka uhi kukui, i hana ʻia i ke aniani a i ʻole ka plastic, e aʻo i ka ʻike pili, pono ʻoe e wehe i ka hood o ke kaʻa;
- ma ke kua o ka uhi aniani.
Loaʻa i nā kukui Xenon kekahi mau inoa pilikino. Aia ma waena o lākou kekahi mau leka Pelekane:
- A - ʻaoʻao;
- B - noe;
- C - kaola kuʻi;
- R - ke kukui kiʻekiʻe;
- C / R (CR) - no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui ma ke ʻano he kumu o nā kukui haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe.
sticker no nā kukui xenon
Nā laʻana o nā mea hoʻopili like ʻole
I kēia mau lā, i waena o nā kaʻa kaʻa, nona nā kukui xenon i hoʻokomo ʻia ʻaʻole mai ka hale hana, akā i ka wā o ka hana, ʻo ke kumuhana o ka hana ponoʻī ʻana i nā mea paʻi no nā kukui e loaʻa ai ka kaulana. ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no nā xenon i hana hou ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻololi a hoʻokomo ʻia nā lens xenon maʻamau (no nā optics me ka ʻole o nā loli, ua hana ʻia ka sticker e ka mea hana o ke kukui a i ʻole ke kaʻa).
Ke hana ʻoe i nā stickers no nā kukui xenon iā ʻoe iho, pono ʻoe e ʻike i kēia mau ʻāpana:
- He aha ke ʻano o nā lens i hoʻokomo ʻia - bilenses a i ʻole mono maʻamau.
- ʻO nā puʻupuʻu i hoʻohanaʻia i ke kukui no ke kukui haʻahaʻa, no ke kukui kiʻekiʻe, no ka hōʻailona huli, nā kukui holo, keʻano o ke kumu, a pēlā aku. E ʻoluʻolu, no nā lens Pākē Plug-n-play, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka lens Kina a me ke kumu halogen (ʻano H1, H4 a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ma ka sticker. no hoi, i ko lakou hookomo ana, he mea pono e huna i ko lakou uwea, no ka mea, ma ko lakou helehelena (hookomo) hiki maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo i ia mau mea, a loaʻa i ka pilikia i ka nānā 'ana e nā limahana o ka State Road Service.
- Nā anana geometric o ka mea hoʻopili. Pono pono ia ma ka hale kukui a hāʻawi i ka ʻike piha ke nānā aku.
- Mea hana kukui (he nui o lakou i keia manawa).
- Nā ʻike hou aku, e like me ka lā i hana ʻia ai nā kukui.
Nā kukui hōʻailona anti-theft
E like me nā pale makani, hōʻailona pū ʻia nā kukui kaʻa me kahi helu VIN i kapa ʻia, ʻo ia ka hana e ʻike i kahi aniani kikoʻī i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena o ka ʻaihue kukui. He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no nā kaʻa ʻē aʻe o nā mea hana kaulana o ka honua, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o nā kukui, a ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā analogues a i ʻole ke kumu kūʻai nui. Ua kahakaha pinepine ʻia ka VIN ma ka hale kukui. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻike like i ka palapala ʻenehana o ke kaʻa. No laila, i ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke kaʻa o kahi mākaʻi kaʻa, inā ʻaʻole kūlike ka helu code, he nīnau paha lākou no ka mea nona ke kaʻa.
ʻo ia ka VIN code he ʻumikūmāhiku helu helu i loko o nā leka a me nā helu, a ua hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea hana kaʻa a i ʻole ka mea hana i ke kukui ponoʻī. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia code ma nā wahi he nui ma ke kino o ke kaʻa - i loko o ke keʻena, ma ka papa inoa ma lalo o ka puʻu, ma lalo o ka pale makani. No laila, i ke kūʻai ʻana i kekahi mau kukui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e koho i nā kumu kukui kahi i ʻike maopopo ʻia ai ke code VIN, a ʻike ʻia nā ʻike āpau e pili ana i ka huahana.
