Maryana 1944 ʻāpana 2

ʻO USS Yorktown (CV-10), kekahi o nā mea lawe mokulele o TF 58. Nā mokulele ʻēheu - SB2C Helldiver dive bombers; ma hope o lākou he mau mea kaua F6F Hellcat.

ʻO ke kaua o ke Kai Pilipine i hoʻoholo i ka hopena o ke kaua Mariana. ʻO nā pūʻali koa o Saipanu, Guam a me Tinian, ʻoiai ua ʻike lākou i ko lākou kūlana manaʻolana, ʻaʻole lākou e waiho i ko lākou mau lima.

Ma ka pō o Iune 18/19, 1944, ʻo nā ʻauwaʻa ʻAmelika a me Iapana i ke Kai Pilipine he mau hola wale nō ka mamao mai ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana i ka lewa nui loa ma ka mōʻaukala. TF 58 - he hui o nā mea lawe mokulele wikiwiki ma lalo o ke kauoha a Vice Adm. Mitcher - ʻauʻau i ʻelima mau ʻāpana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma kahi o 25 km. ʻO kā lākou haku mele penei:

• TG 58.1 - nā moku mokulele mokulele ʻo Hornet a me Yorktown, nā mea lawe mokulele māmā ʻo Bello Wood a me Bataan (ʻo kā lākou mau pūʻulu papa lele he 129 F6F-3 Hellcat fighter, 73 SB2C-1C Helldiver dive bombers a me ʻehā SBD -5 Dauntless, 53 TBM / TBF - 1C Avenger bombs a me torpedo bombers a me ewalu F6F-3N Hellcat night fighter - he 267 mau mokulele); ʻekolu mau moku holo moku kaumaha (Baltimore, Bosetona, Canberra), hoʻokahi moku kūʻē i ka mokulele (Oakland) a me 14 mau moku luku;
• TG 58.2 - nā mokulele mokulele ʻo Bunker Hill a me Wasp, nā mea lawe mokulele māmā Monterey a me Cabot (118 Hellcats, 65 Helldivers, 53 Avengers a me ʻewalu F6F-3Ns - 243 mokulele i ka huina); ʻekolu mau moku holo māmā (Santa Fe, Mobile, Biloxi), hoʻokahi moku kūʻē i ka mokulele (San Juan) a me 12 mau mea luku;
• TG 58.3 - nā moku mokulele mokulele ʻo Enterprise a me Lexington, nā mokulele mokulele māmā ʻo Princeton a me San Jacinto (117 Hellcats, 55 SBD-5 Dauntless dive bombers, 49 Avengers a me ʻekolu mau mea kaua pō F4U-2 "Corsair" a me ʻehā mau pō kaua F6F-3N "Hellcat "- ka huina o 228 mokulele); moku holo moku kaumaha Indianapolis, ekolu mau moku holo mama (Montpellier, Cleveland, Birmingham) a me hookahi moku ku e i ka mokulele (Reno) a me 13 mau moku luku;
• TG 58.4 - nā mokulele mokulele Essex, nā mea lawe mokulele māmā ʻo Langley a me Cowpens (85 Hellcats, 36 Helldivers, 38 Avengers a me ʻehā F6F-3Ns - he 163 mokulele); ʻekolu mau moku holo māmā (Vincennes, Houston, Miami) a me hoʻokahi moku kūʻē i ka mokulele (San Diego) a me 14 mau mea luku;
• TG 58.7 - ʻehiku moku kaua (North Carolina, Washington, Iowa, New Jersey, Indiana, South Dakota, Alabama), ʻehā mau moku holo moku nui (Wichita, Minneapolis), New Orleans, Kapalakiko) a me 14 mau mea luku.

ʻO ka Hope Adimarala Ozawa, ka luna o ka Mobile Fleet (ka pūʻali koa nui o ka Navy Iapana), ua puunaue i kona mau pūʻali penei:

• ʻO ka hui A - nā mea lawe mokulele mokulele ʻo Shokaku, Zuikaku a me Taiho, i hui pū i ka First Aviation Squadron (ʻo kāna hui deck, ʻo 601st Kokutai, he 79 mau mea kaua A6M Zeke, 70 D4Y Judy dive bombers a me ʻehiku mau D3A Val a me 51 B6N Jill torpedo bombers. - ka huina o 207 mokulele); nā moku holo moku kaumaha ʻo Myoko a me Haguro; moku holo māmā Yahagi; ʻehiku mea luku;
• ʻO ka hui B - nā mea lawe mokulele mai nā ʻauwaʻa Junyo a me Hiyo a me ka mokulele mokulele māmā ʻo Ryuho, e hui pū ana i ka Second Aviation Squadron (ʻo kona pūʻulu deck, 652. Kokutai, he 81 A6M Zeke, 27 D4Y Judy, ʻeiwa D3A Val a me 18 B6N. Jill - he 135 mau mokulele );
• moku kaua Nagato, moku holo moku nui Mogami; ewalu mea luku;
• ʻO ka hui C - nā mea lawe mokulele māmā ʻo Chitose, Chiyoda a me Zuiho, i hui pū ʻia i ka Third Aviation Squadron (ʻo kāna hui deck, ka 653rd Kokutai, he 62 A6M Zik a me ʻeiwa B6N Jill torpedo bombers a me 17 mau makahiki B5N "Kate" - he 88 ka nui. mokulele); nā moku kaua "Yamato", "Musashi", "Kongo" a me "Haruna"; nā moku holo moku nui ʻo Atago, Chokai, Maya, Takao, Kumano, Suzuya, Tone, Chikuma; moku holo māmā Noshiro; ewalu mea luku.

Ma ke poʻo o ka hoʻokumu ʻana ʻo ka pūʻulu ikaika loa ʻo C, ʻo ia ka nui o nā moku kaua a me nā moku holo moku (kū kūʻē i ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka lako pono me nā mea kaua anti-aircraft) a me nā mea lawe mokulele liʻiliʻi loa, ʻo ia ke lawe i kahi counterattack mai nā ʻAmelika. Ua hahai nā hui A a me B ma kahi o 180 km ma hope, ma kahi ʻaoʻao, ma kahi o 20 km kaʻawale.

ʻO ka huina holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka Mitscher Air Force he 902 mau mokulele e holo ana mai nā papa o nā mea lawe mokulele (me 476 mau mea kaua, 233 mau pahu luʻu a me 193 mau mokulele torpedo) a me 65 mau mokulele i hoʻokele ʻia e nā moku kaua a me nā moku holo moana. Hiki iā Ozawa ke hoʻouka i nā mokulele 430 wale nō (me 222 mau mea kaua, 113 mau pahu luʻu a me 95 mau mokulele torpedo) a me 43 mau mokulele moana. Ua loaʻa iā Mitcher ka pōmaikaʻi i ka mokulele ma mua o ʻelua, a ma nā mea hakakā - ʻekolu manawa, mai ka 222 Zeke a hiki i 71 (ka mana kahiko o ka A6M2) i lawelawe ma ke ʻano he fighter-bombers. Ma waho aʻe o nā moku holo moku nui, ua ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā moku āpau.

Eia naʻe, i ke kakahiaka o Iune 19, ua piʻi nui ka hopohopo o nā moku o TF 58. Ua hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻo Ozawa i kāna pono nui - ka lōʻihi o kāna mokulele ponoʻī. ʻO kāna mau kaʻa mākaʻikaʻi a me nā mokulele moana i holo i 1000 km mai kona mau moku; He 650 km wale nō ko kēlā mau Mitschers. I mea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻAmelika, hiki i nā hui mokulele Kepani ke hoʻouka mai 550 km, ʻo nā ʻAmelika mai kahi 400 km. No laila, no ka Mobile Fleet, ʻo ka ʻenemi weliweli loa ke alakaʻi, nāna e hōʻemi wiwo ʻole i ka mamao, e hoʻoikaika ana e "hoʻokokoke". Akā naʻe, ua ʻike ʻo Ozawa ua ʻike ʻo Adm. ʻO Spruance, ka luna o ka US Navy's Fifth Fleet a me ka luna nui o Operation Forager, e akahele ʻaʻole e hoʻouka.

Ua pani ka SB2C Helldiver luʻu (kiʻi ʻia mai ka hui mokulele ʻo Yorktown) iā Dauntlesss ma luna o nā mokulele mokulele US Navy. Ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hakakā, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻokele, no laila ko lākou inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo "The Beast".

ʻOiai ʻo ka pahuhopu o Ozawa ka luku ʻana i nā moku o Mitcher, ʻo ka mea nui a Spruance ʻo ka pale ʻana i ke kahakai ma Saipan a me nā ʻauwaʻa hoʻouka kaua mai ka Marianas. No laila, ua nalowale ʻo TF 58 i kona kūʻokoʻa o ka hoʻololi ʻana, me ka koi ʻana i kēia hoʻokumu kelepona nui e pale iā ia iho kokoke i ka statically. ʻO ka mea ʻino loa, ma ke kauoha ʻana iā Mitcher e noho kokoke i nā Marians, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka ʻenemi i kahi pōmaikaʻi nui. Ua hiki i nā mokulele o Ozawa ke hoʻohana i nā mokulele ʻo Guam ma ke ʻano he kumu mua. Ma hope o ka hoʻouka ʻana a ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana i kā lākou mau mea lawe, ua hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka mai kahi mamao ʻoi aku, ma waho aʻe o ka mokulele o Mitscher.

I ka loaʻa ʻole ʻana o ka TF 18 i nā moku Kepani ma ke ahiahi o ka lā 58 Iune, ua kauoha ʻo Spruance iā Mitscher e huki i kāna hui e hoʻokokoke loa aku i nā Marian e pale aku i ka ʻenemi mai ka hele ʻana iā ia ma lalo o ka uhi o ka pōʻeleʻele. ʻO ka hopena, ma ka pō o Iune 18/19, ua holo ʻelua ʻo Mitschera (TF 58) a me Ozawa (Mobile Fleet) i ka hikina i ka Marianas, e mālama mau ana kekahi i kekahi. I ka pō ma mua, mahalo i ka hōʻike o ka moku ʻo Cavalla, ua ʻike nā ʻAmelika i ke kūlana o ka ʻenemi, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke ahiahi o Iune 18 e nā kukui lekiō HF / PV, akā ua lilo kēia ʻike waiwai nui i ka wā i hala i kēlā me kēia hola. Mamua o keia, aole i loaa i kekahi o na mokulele makaikai o Mitcher na moku lawe o Ozawa, no ka mea, o keia hope, me ka hana akamai i ka hookele ana, ua pale aku i kona mau holokai mai kahi e hiki aku ai i na makaikiu TF 58. I keia manawa, ua hahai kona mau mokulele i ka nee ana o na ohua Amerika.

ʻAʻole i mālama ʻo Ozawa i kāna mau kaʻa ʻike. Ma waena o 4 a me 30, 6-00 mau mokulele B43N Kate a me 13 D5Y Judy a me 11 E4A Jake i hoʻouna aku iā lākou, me ka ʻike paha e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou e ka Hellcats ma mua o ka hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i kekahi mea. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ʻike pono ʻana i ke kūlana o nā mokulele mokulele TF 19 he mea nui ia nona, ʻoiai ʻo ia i hoʻāʻo e mālama i kahi mamao mai ka ʻenemi. Eia naʻe, i ka hoʻonoho ʻana i nā pūʻali he nui i ka reconnaissance, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e uku no kēia ma ka hōʻole ʻana i ka mākaʻikaʻi mokulele, i manaʻo ʻia e pale i kāna mau ʻauwaʻa mai nā hoʻouka ʻana mai lalo o ka wai. I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi o kāna mau mea luku (i ka hopena o Mei a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune ua nalowale ʻo ia ma kahi o ʻehiku, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou i hāʻule i lalo e ka US Navy submarines, no laila, he 13 wale nō o lākou i kēia manawa), ua pilikia nui ʻo ia.