Ka mahina, Mars a me nā mea hou aku

Ua hoʻomaka ka NASA astronauts e hoʻāʻo i nā spacesuits hou i hoʻolālā ʻia e ka ʻoihana e hoʻohana i nā misionari lunar e hiki mai ana ma ke ʻano o ka papahana Artemis i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā makahiki e hiki mai ana (1). Aia nō kahi hoʻolālā manaʻo nui e hoʻokuʻu i nā poʻe, nā kāne a me nā wahine, ma ka Silver Globe ma 2024.

Ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻaʻole kēia manawa e pili ana, akā e pili ana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana a laila ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana no ka hoʻohana ikaika ʻana o ka Moon a me kāna mau kumuwaiwai i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ka mea i hala koke aku nei, ua hoʻolaha ka ʻoihana US he ʻewalu mau keʻena ākea ākea i kau inoa i kahi ʻaelike i kapa ʻia ʻo Artemis Accords. ʻO Jim Bridenstine, ke poʻo o NASA, hoʻolaha ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hui honua nui loa no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mahina, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i kahi "maluhia a me ka pōmaikaʻi o ka wā e hiki mai ana." E hui pū nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i ka ʻaelike i nā mahina e hiki mai ana. Ma waho aʻe o NASA, ua pūlima ʻia ka ʻaelike e nā keʻena kikowaena o Australia, Kanada, Italia, Iapana, Luxembourg, United Arab Emirates a me United Kingdom. ʻAʻole ma ka papa inoa ʻo India a me Kina. honua kala i ka hoʻolālā hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻeli ʻāina.

Wahi a nā manaʻo o kēia manawa, e hoʻokani ka Moon a me kona orbit i kahi hana koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he kikowaena a me ke kumu waiwai no ia huakaʻi. Inā mākou e hele i Mars i ka ʻehā mau makahiki o kēia kenekulia, e like me ka NASA, Kina a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻolaha ai, ʻo ka makahiki 2020-30 he manawa o ka hoʻomākaukau ikaika. Inā ʻaʻohe o nā hana e pono ai, a laila ʻAʻole mākou e lele i Mars i nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ka papahana mua Ua pae ka mahina i ka makahiki 2028aka, ua kahea aku ka Hope Peresidena Mike Pence no na makahiki eha no ka paipai ana. E lele ana nā Astronauts ʻO ka mokulele mokulele ʻo Orionnāna e lawe i nā pōhaku SLS a NASA e hana nei. ʻIke ʻia inā he lā maoli kēia, akā ma ka ʻenehana he nui nā mea e hana nei a puni kēia hoʻolālā.

No ka laʻana, ua kūkulu hou ʻo NASA i kahi ʻōnaehana pae ʻāina hou loa (SPLICE) e hoʻemi i ka pilikia o Mars. Hoʻohana ʻo SPLICE i kahi ʻōnaehana nānā laser i ka wā e iho ai, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke noho ma ke ala a ʻike i ka pae pae. Hoʻolālā ka ʻoihana e hoʻāʻo koke i ka ʻōnaehana me kahi rocket (2), i ʻike ʻia he kaʻa e hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ma hope o ka lele ʻana i ka orbit. ʻO ka laina lalo, ʻo ka mea hoʻi e ʻimi kūʻokoʻa i kahi maikaʻi loa e pae ai.

2. Ke pae ʻana o Shepard hou i ka puʻu

E hoʻokamani kākou i kēlā e hoʻolālā e hoʻihoʻi i ka poʻe i ka mahina ma mua o 2024 e holomua ana. He aha ka hope? ʻO ka makahiki aʻe, pono e hōʻea kahi module i kapa ʻia ʻo Habitat i ka Moongate, aia i kēia manawa i ka pae hoʻolālā, kahi a mākou i kākau nui ai ma MT. NASA Gateway, ke kahua lewa ma orbit mahina (3) kūkulu pū ʻia me nā hoa pili honua, e hoʻomaka ma mua. Akā ʻaʻole hiki i ka makahiki 2025 ke hāʻawi ʻia kahi hale noho US i ke kikowaena e hoʻomaka ai ka hana maoli o ke kikowaena. Pono nā papahana i kūkulu ʻia i kēia manawa no ka noho like ʻana o nā astronauts ʻehā ma luna o ka moku, a pono e hoʻohuli i kahi ʻano o nā pae ʻāina i hoʻolālā ʻia i ka Gateway i ke kikowaena o ka hana a me nā ʻoihana no ka huakaʻi i Mars.

3. Space Station e Kaapuni ana i ka mahina - Rendering

Toyota ma ka mahina?

Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia e ka Japan Air and Space Search Agency (JAXA). hoʻolālā e unuhi i ka hydrogen mai nā waihona hau o ka mahina (4) e hoʻohana ia mea ma ke ʻano he wahie, e like me ka Japan Times. ʻO ka pahuhopu ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻimi ʻāina i hoʻolālā ʻia i ka mahina ma waena o 20s ma o ka hana ʻana i kahi kumu wahie ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i nā puke nui. wahie mai ka honua mai.

Manaʻo ka Japan Space Agency e hana pū me NASA e hana i ka Moon Gate i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. ʻO kahi kumu wahie, i hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina e like me kēia manaʻo, e ʻae i nā astronauts e lawe ʻia i ke kahua mai ili mahina a me ka hope. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻili. Manaʻo ʻo JAXA ma kahi o 37 tons wai e pono ai e hoʻolako i ka wahie e lawe ai i ka Moongate.

Ua hōʻike pū ʻo JAXA i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke kaʻa ʻeono huila. nā wahie hydrogen Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ke kaʻa ponoʻī me ka hui pū me Toyota i ka makahiki i hala. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Toyota he paionia o ka ʻenehana hydrogen. ʻO wai ka mea ʻike, ma ka wā e hiki mai ana e ʻike mākou i nā moon rovers me ka hōʻailona o kahi hōʻailona Iapana kaulana.

He missile hou ko Kina a me ka makemake nui

E hōʻemi i ka hoʻolaha honua i kāu mau hana Ke kūkulu nei ʻo Kina i kahi missile houka mea nana e lawe aku i ko lakou mau astronauts i ka mahina. Ua wehe ʻia ka kaʻa hoʻokuʻu hou i ka 2020 China Space Conference ma Fuzhou, Kina Hikina ma Kepakemapa 18. Hoʻolālā ʻia ke kaʻa hoʻokuʻu hou e hoʻomaka i kahi mokulele 25-ton. Pono e ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka rocket ma mua o ko Kina. Pono ʻekolu ʻāpana ka missile, e like me nā missiles kaulana. Delta IV Kaumaha i Falcon Heavya ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ʻekolu he 5 mika ke anawaena. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha, ʻaʻohe inoa i kēia manawa akā ua kapa ʻia ʻo "921 rocket" ma Kina, he 87 mika ka lōʻihi.

ʻAʻole hoʻolaha ʻo Kina i kahi lā lele hoʻāʻo a i ʻole ka pae ʻana i ka mahina. ʻAʻole hoʻi nā missiles i loaʻa i nā Kina i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hoʻi ʻO ka ʻōpuni ʻo Shenzhouhiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i nā pono o ka pae ʻana i ka mahina. Pono ʻoe i kahi lander, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma Kina.

ʻAʻole ʻae ʻo Kina i kahi papahana e kau ai i nā astronauts ma ka mahina, akā ua wehe ʻia e pili ana i ia mau misionari. He mea hou ka rocket i hōʻike ʻia ma Kepakemapa. Ma mua, ua kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka manaʻo. rockets lōʻihi Malaki 9i like ka nui me ka pōhaku Saturn V a i ʻole SLS i kūkulu ʻia e NASA. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā rocket nui ke hana i kāna mau huakaʻi hoʻāʻo mua a hiki i ka makahiki 2030.

ʻOi aku ma mua o 250% mau misionari

Wahi a kahi noiʻi e Euroconsult i paʻi ʻia ma ʻApelila 2020 i kapa ʻia ʻo "Space Exploration Perspectives", ʻo ka hoʻopukapuka lehulehu o ka honua ma ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lewa ma kahi o $ 20 biliona ma 2019, ʻoi aku ka 6 pakeneka mai ka makahiki i hala. ʻO 71 pakeneka o lākou e hoʻolimalima ana i ka US. Manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kālā noiʻi o ka lewa i $30 biliona e 2029 ʻImi mahina, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka halihali a me nā ʻōnaehana orbital. Ma kahi o 130 mau mikiona e manaʻo ʻia ana i nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mikiona 52 i nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei (5). No laila, nui ka hana. ʻAʻole ʻike ka hōʻike i ka hopena o ka hana o ka International Space Station. Ke kali nei ʻo ia ka piʻi ʻana o ke kahua mokulele orbital Kina a me ka puka Moon. Manaʻo ʻo Euroconsult ma muli o ka makemake nui i ka mahina, e hāʻule paha nā kumukūʻai no nā misionari Martian. Pono e uku kālā ʻia nā mikiona ʻē aʻe ma ka pae like like me ka wā ma mua.

5. ʻO ka hoʻolālā pāʻoihana lewa no nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana

I kēia manawa . Aia ma 2021, e nui ana ke kaa ma Mars a me kona orbit. ʻO kekahi rover ʻAmelika, ʻo Perseverance, ma muli o ka ʻāina a hana i ka noiʻi. Aia ma luna o ka rover kekahi mau laʻana o nā mea hoʻonaninani hou. Makemake ʻo NASA e ʻike i ke ʻano o nā mea like ʻole i ke kaiapuni Martian, e kōkua i ke koho ʻana i nā lole kūpono no nā marsonauts e hiki mai ana. Lawe pū ka rover ʻeono huila i kahi helikopter Ingenuity liʻiliʻi āna e manaʻo nei e lawe. nā lele hoʻokolohua ma ka lewa rarefied o Mars.

Aia nā ʻimi noiʻi i ka orbit: ka Kina Tianwen-1 a nona na United Arab Emirates Hope. Wahi a nā hōʻike hoʻolaha, loaʻa i ka mākaʻi Kina he lander a me kahi rover. Inā kūleʻa ka misionari holoʻokoʻa, i ka makahiki aʻe e loaʻa iā mākou ka pae ʻāina ʻo Martian non-US ma ka ʻili. Honua Hula.

I ka makahiki 2020, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka ka rover o ka hui ʻEulopa ESA ma ke ʻano o ka papahana ExoMars. Hoʻopanee ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana i 2022. ʻAʻohe ʻike maopopo loa e makemake ana ʻo India e hoʻouna i kahi rover ma ke ʻano o ka papahana. Misiona Mangalyan 2 i hoʻolālā ʻia no 2024. Ma Malaki 2025, e komo ka ʻimi ʻo JAXA Iapana i ka orbit Mars i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mahina o Mars. Inā kūleʻa ka huakaʻi ʻo Mars-orbiting, e hoʻi ka mokulele i ka Honua me nā laʻana i loko o ʻelima mau makahiki.

Loaʻa iā Elon Musk's SpaceX nā hoʻolālā no Mars a hoʻolālā e hoʻouna i kahi misionari uncrewed ma laila i ka makahiki 2022 e "hōʻoia i ke ola o ka wai, e ʻike i nā mea hoʻoweliweli, a kūkulu i ka ikehu mua, ka mining, a me nā ʻōnaehana mālama ola." Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo Musk makemake ʻo ia e hoʻouna ʻo SpaceX iā ia ma 2024. kanaka mokulele ma Marsa, ʻo ka pahuhopu nui ʻo ia ka "kūkulu ʻana i kahi waihona wahie a hoʻomākaukau no nā mokulele e hiki mai ana." He kani maikaʻi ia, akā ʻo ka hopena maʻamau mai kēia mau hoʻolaha ʻana penei: SpaceX e hana ʻo ia i kekahi ʻano mikiona Martian i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. Pono e hoʻohui ʻia ua hoʻolaha pū ʻo SpaceX i nā misionari lunar. ʻO ka mea kālepa Kepani, mea hoʻolālā a me philanthropist ʻo Yusaku Maezawa i hana i ka huakaʻi mākaʻikaʻi mua i ka orbit i ka mahina ma 2023, e like me ka mea e hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ma luna o ka rocket Starship nui e hoʻāʻo ʻia nei.

I nā asteroids a me nā mahina nui

Manaʻolana i ka makahiki aʻe e hele pū i ka orbit. ʻO James Webb Space Telescope (6) ʻo wai ka hope Teleskopa Hubble. Ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, ua hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻia nā hoʻokolohua nui o kēia makahiki. I ka makahiki 2026, pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia kekahi telescope ākea koʻikoʻi, ʻo ka European Space Agency's Planetary Transits and Oscillations of Stars (PLATO), i ka lewa, nona ka hana nui.

6. Webb Space Telescope - Nānā

I ka manaʻo maikaʻi loa, e hoʻouna ka Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) i ka hui mua o nā astronauts India i ka lewa ma mua o 2021.

ʻO Lucy, kahi ʻāpana o ka papahana Discovery a NASA, e hoʻomaka ana i ʻOkakopa 2021. E ʻimi i ʻeono Trojan asteroids a me kahi asteroid kāʻei nui.. ʻO nā pūʻali koa ʻelua o Trojans i uka a me lalo o Jupiter, ua manaʻo ʻia he kino ʻeleʻele i haku ʻia me nā mea like me nā hōkū o waho e hoʻopuni ana ma kahi o Jupiter. Manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema e hoʻololi ka hopena o kēia misionari i ko mākou ʻike a me ke ola paha ma ka Honua. No kēia kumu, ua kapa ʻia ka papahana ʻo Lucy, kahi hominid fossilized nāna i hāʻawi i ka ʻike i ka hoʻomohala kanaka.

I ka makahiki 2026, e nānā pono kākou ʻO Psyche, kekahi o nā mea nui loa he ʻumi i loko o ke kāʻei asteroid, e like me ka poʻe ʻepekema. kumu hao nikela protoplanet. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka misionari no 2022.

I ka makahiki 2026 like, pono e hoʻomaka ka huakaʻi Dragonfly i Titan, ʻo ka pahuhopu e pae ma ka ʻili o ka mahina o Saturn i 2034. ʻO ka mea hou i loko o ia ka hoʻolālā no ka nānā ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana mokulele lopakoe neʻe aku ana mai kahi a i kahi e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia. ʻO kēia hoʻoholo paha ma muli o ka maopopo ʻole o ka honua ma Titan a me ka makaʻu e hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia ka rover ma nā huila. He mikiona keia i like ole me na mea e ae, no ka mea, he okoa ka huakai mai na mea i ike ia e kakou. kino ʻōnaehana solar.

Hiki paha ke hoʻomaka ka misionari i kahi mahina ʻē aʻe o Saturn, ʻo Enceladus, i ka hapa lua o ka XNUMXs. He manaʻo wale nō kēia no kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ia he mikiona kikoʻī me kahi kālā a me kahi hoʻolālā. Manaʻo ʻo NASA ʻo ia ka misionari hohonu hohonu i ka hapa a i ʻole kālā kālā ʻia e ka ʻoihana pilikino.

Ma mua iki, ʻo ka JUICE (7) probe, ka mea i hoʻolaha ʻia e ESA ma 2022, e hōʻea i kahi o kāna noiʻi. Manaʻo ia e hōʻea i ka ʻōnaehana Jupiter ma 2029 a hiki i ka orbit o Ganymede ʻehā makahiki ma hope. ka mahina nui loa ma ka ʻōnaehana solar a e ʻimi i nā mahina ʻē aʻe i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, Callisto a ʻo ka mea hoihoi loa iā mākou ʻEulopa. Ua manaʻo mua ʻia e lilo i misionari hui ʻEulopa-ʻAmelika. ʻO ka hope loa, e hoʻomaka ka US i kāna Europa Clipper probe e makaʻala iā ʻEulopa ma waena o nā XNUMXs.

7. Misiona JUICE - Nānā

Hiki paha ke ʻike ʻia nā mikiona hou ma ka papa kuhikuhi o NASA a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka poʻe i manaʻo ʻia Venus. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka loaʻa hou ʻana o nā mea e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ke ola o nā mea ola i ka lewa o ka honua. Ke kūkākūkā nei ʻo NASA i nā loli kālā e hiki ai i kahi misionari hou a i ʻole kekahi. ʻAʻole mamao loa ʻo Venus, no laila hiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo.