ʻO Lockheed Martin F-35 Uila II ma Iapana

ʻO ka F-35A Kepanī mua loa (AX-01; 701) i ka lele ʻana ma ʻAukake 24, 2016. Ua ʻae ke aupuni Iapana i ke kūʻai ʻana i 42 F-35A ma Dekemaba 20, 2011, a kau inoa i kahi ʻaelike pili aupuni ma Iune 29, 2012.

Aia ʻo Iapana i waena o nā mea hoʻohana e ulu nei i ka mokulele kaua multirole F-35 Lightning II no kekahi mau makahiki i kēia manawa. ʻO ia hoʻi ka ʻāina ʻelua ma hope o Italia (ʻaʻole helu ʻo USA) kahi e hana ai ka hui F-35 a me ke kikowaena lawelawe. ʻAʻole e like me ka hapa nui o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, kahi e lilo ai ka F-35 i mokulele kaua mua no nā makahiki he nui e hiki mai ana, ma Iapana ua manaʻo ʻia he mea koʻikoʻi akā hoʻohui i nā ʻano ʻelua ʻē aʻe - ka F-15J/DJ kai a nā mea kaua FX hou aʻe.

I ka waena o nā makahiki he ʻumi mua o ke kenekulia 2, ua kū ʻo Japan Air Self-Defense Force (Kōkū Jieitai; Air Self-Defense Force, ASDF) i ka nīnau no ke koho ʻana i nā mokulele kaua hou. No nā kumu kālā, ua kaupalena ʻia ka hana ʻana o Mitsubishi F-2008A/B, a ma 4, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻomaka e hoʻomanaʻo i nā mea kaua McDonnell Douglas F-15EJ a me Phantom II. ʻOiai ua hoʻololi hou ʻia nā avionics o ka McDonnell Douglas F-5J/DJ Eagle interceptors (e nānā i ka pahu), me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea kaua 20th hanauna (Chengdu J-50 a me Sukhoi T-5/PAK FA, kēlā me kēia), aia ka ASDF i loko. he kūlana maikaʻi ʻole. Ua makemake nui ka poʻe Kepani i ka 22nd generation American fighter Lockheed Martin F-XNUMXA Raptor, akā ma muli o ka pāpā hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka US Congress, ʻaʻole hiki i kā lākou kūʻai. No laila, ua hoʻomaka lākou i kā lākou noiʻi a me ka papahana hoʻomohala no kahi hanauna hou o nā mea hakakā (e nānā i ka pahu).

ʻO ka F-35A Kepanī mua loa i lele mua mai Fort Worth, Texas; ʻAukake 24, 2016 I loko o ka cockpit o kahi pailaka hoʻāʻo Lockheed Martin,

Paul Hattendorf.

Medium Term Defense Program (MTDP) for Fiscal Years 2005-2009, ma muli o ka National Defense Program Guidelines i hāpai ʻia e ke Aupuni o Iapana i ka lā 10 o Dekemaba, 2004 (Bōei Keikaku no Taikō; National Defense Program Guidelines, NDPG) no ka makahiki 2005 a me ke kālā ma hope. makahiki i ʻike ʻia: Na ke Aupuni o Iapana e hoʻolaha i ka hana hou o ka F-15 fighter a kūʻai aku i nā mea kaua hou e pani i ka F-4. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aupuni, ua hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā hoʻoholo kikoʻī no ke kūʻai ʻana i ka mea pani i ka F-4EJ kai no kekahi mau makahiki. Ma ka SPR e hiki mai ana no 2011-2015, e pili ana i ka NPD 17 a ma waho aʻe, i hāpai ʻia e ke aupuni ma Dekemaba 2010, 2011, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e kūʻai i ka pūʻulu mua o 12 mau mea kaua tactical hou.

ʻO nā moho e noʻonoʻo ʻia nei: Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, Boeing F-15 Eagle, Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, Dassault Rafale a me Eurofighter Typhoon. I Dekemaba 2008, ua hōʻemi ʻia kēia papa inoa i ka F-15, F-35 a me Typhoon. Ua kipa nā ʻelele ASDF i kēlā me kēia hale hana e aʻo e pili ana i ka hana mokulele a me nā ʻano hana. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma kēia kumu, i Iune 2010, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka F-15 e ka F / A-18E / F i hōʻole mua ʻia. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻoholo ke aupuni e hoʻohui i ka papa inoa o nā koi i ka hiki ke hana laikini a i ʻole ka hui hope o nā mokulele i kūʻai ʻia ma Iapana. ʻO ka manaʻo e mālama i nā hana ma ka ʻoihana mokulele Iapana, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI), ka mea i loaʻa ka mana hana ma hope o ka hoʻopau mua ʻana o ka F-2 a ʻaʻole makemake e haʻalele i kāna mau limahana akamai i aʻo ʻia.

Ma ʻApelila 13, 2011, ua hoʻouna aku ke Kuhina Kūʻai ʻo Iapana (Bōeishō) i nā noi no ka ʻike (RFI) ma luna o nā mea hakakā hou i nā aupuni US a me UK. ʻO ka lā palena manawa no ka waiho ʻana i nā noi ʻo 26 Kepakemapa. Ma hope o kā lākou hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ma Dekemaba 20, 2011, ua ʻae ke aupuni Iapana a me ka National Security Council (Kokka Anzen Hoshō Kaigi; National Security Council) i ke koho ʻana i ka F-35A. ʻO nā mea koʻikoʻi: multitasking, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mana kiʻekiʻe loa i nā mikiona ea a i ka honua, ka maikaʻi o ka ʻenehana o ka mokulele a me nā manaʻo no ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a me ke komo ʻana i ka hui hope a me ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana i koho ʻia. hui ma Iapana. ʻOiai ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ka papahana hoʻomohala a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o F-35 e nā pilikia ʻenehana a me nā lohi lōʻihi i kēlā manawa, ua hoʻolālā ka poʻe Kepani e kūʻai i 42 mau ʻāpana e hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki kālā 2012.

Ma hope o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka hoʻoholo a ke aupuni Iapana, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Lockheed Pelekikena a me Luna Nui ʻo Martin Bob Stevens, "Haʻaheo mākou i ka hilinaʻi a ke aupuni Iapana i kau ai i ka F-35 a me kā mākou hui hana e lawe mai i kēia ʻelima hanauna kaua i Iapana. Puali Puʻe Lewa. Hōʻike kēia hoʻolaha i kahi mokuna hou i kā mākou hui lōʻihi me ka ʻoihana Iapana a kūkulu ʻia ma luna o ka pilina palekana ma waena o US a me Iapana.

Ka hopena o ka ʻaelike

Ma ʻApelila 30, 2012, ua haʻi aku ka Defence and Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) i ka ʻaha kūkā o ʻAmelika ua noi nā luna o Iapana i ke aupuni US no ka ʻae e kūʻai aku i ʻehā mau F-35A ma lalo o ke kaʻina FMS (Foreign Military Sale) me ka hiki ke 'ē aʻe 38 ʻO ka huina nui o ka aelike waiwai, ma waho aʻe o ka mokulele ponoʻī, e komo pū me nā lako hou, nā ʻāpana, nā palapala ʻenehana, nā mea hana, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa limahana a me ke kākoʻo hana, ua manaʻo ʻia he $10 biliona. Ma ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka noi, ua ʻōlelo ʻo DSCA: He mana politika a me ka hoʻokele waiwai ʻo Iapana ma Asia Hikina a me ka Pākīpika Komohana a he hoa kōkua nui ʻo US i ka lawe ʻana i ka maluhia a me ke kūpaʻa i ka ʻāina. Ke hoʻohana nei ke aupuni US i nā waihona a me nā mea hana ma Iapana. ʻO ke kūʻai i manaʻo ʻia e pili ana me nā pahuhopu politika US a me ka Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security 1960.

Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia kahi ʻaelike pili aupuni (LOA) no ke kūʻai ʻana i ʻehā mau F-35A me kahi koho no 38 (i hoʻohana ʻia i nā makahiki ma hope) me nā lako a me nā lawelawe pili i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma Iune 29, 2012. Ma kēia kumu, ʻo ka US Department of Defense. , e hana ana ma ka aoao o ke Aupuni o Iapana, ma ka la 25 o Malaki 2013 i kakau inoa ai i ka aelike like me Lockheed Martin. ʻO ka hōʻike makahiki o Ianuali 2013 o ka US Department of Defense e hōʻike ana e loaʻa i nā F-35A mua ʻehā o ka ASDF e loaʻa iā Block 3i avionics software. ʻO nā mīkini ma hope mai ka moʻo Lot 9 LRIP (Low Rate Initial Production) ua lako mua me ka polokalamu Block 3F.