Pahu Li-ion
Nā mea
ʻO ka pākaukau lithium-ion a i ʻole ka pā lithium-ion kahi ʻano o ka pā lithium
ʻO nā ʻenehana hou no ka neʻe uila
ʻO nā kelepona, nā kāmeʻa ma luna o ka papa, nā drones, nā mea hana mana, nā kaʻa uila, nā scooter ... i kēia lā, ʻo nā pā lithium i nā wahi āpau i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā a ua hoʻololi i nā hihia he nui. Akā he aha kā lākou e lawe mai ai a hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia?
История
ʻO ia i ka makahiki 1970 i hoʻokomo ʻia ka pākaukau lithium-ion e Stanley Whittingham. E hoʻomau ʻia ka hana a ka hope e John B. Goodenow lāua ʻo Akiro Yoshino i ka makahiki 1986. ʻAʻole a hiki i ka makahiki 1991 i hoʻokuʻu ai ʻo Sony i ka pākaukau mua o kāna ʻano i ka mākeke a hoʻomaka i kahi hoʻololi ʻenehana. I ka makahiki 2019, ua loaʻa i ʻekolu mau mea hoʻokumu i ka makana no ka Nobel ma Chemistry.
Pehea ia hana?
ʻO ka pākaukau lithium-ion he puʻupuʻu o nā pūnaewele lithium-ion e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mālama a hoʻihoʻi i ka ikehu uila. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pākaukau ma luna o ʻekolu mau mea nui: kahi electrode maikaʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo ka cathode, kahi electrode maikaʻi ʻole i kapa ʻia ʻo ka anode, a me kahi electrolyte, kahi hopena alakaʻi.
Ke hoʻokuʻu ka pākaukau, hoʻokuʻu ka anode i nā electrons ma o ka electrolyte i ka cathode, a laila e hoʻololi i nā ion maikaʻi. Hoʻololi ka neʻe ʻana i ke kau ʻana.
No laila, ua like ka mana'o o ka hana 'ana me ke 'ano o ka pahu "lead", koe na'e ma 'ane'i ke ho'ololi 'ia ke alaka'i a me ke alaka'i oxide electrodes e ka cobalt oxide cathode, me ka lium a me ka anode graphite. Pēlā nō, hāʻawi ka sulfuric acid a i ʻole ka ʻauʻau wai i kahi electrolyte i loko o nā paʻakai lithium.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka electrolyte i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano wai, akā ke neʻe nei ka noiʻi i kahi electrolyte paʻa, palekana a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi.
pono
No ke aha i hoʻololi ai ka pākaukau lithium-ion i nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā makahiki he 20 i hala?
He maʻalahi ka pane. Hāʻawi kēia pākaukau i ka nui o ka ikehu maikaʻi loa a no laila hāʻawi i ka hana like no ka haʻahaʻa kaumaha i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke alakaʻi, nickel...
He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o kēia mau pākahi (ʻoi aku ka nui o 10% i kēlā me kēia mahina), ʻaʻole pono e mālama ʻia, a ʻaʻohe hopena hoʻomanaʻo.
ʻO ka hope, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā ʻenehana pākahi kahiko, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka lithium polymer (Li-Po) a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka lithium phosphate (LiFePO4).
hewa
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono nā pā lithium-ion a, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōʻino o ke kelepona inā hoʻokuʻu loa ʻia. No laila, no ka pale ʻana iā lākou mai ka lilo koke ʻana o kā lākou waiwai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻouka ʻana iā lākou me ke kali ʻole e lilo i palahalaha.
ʻO ka mea mua, hiki i ka pākaukau ke hana i nā pilikia palekana koʻikoʻi. Ke hoʻonui a hāʻule paha ka pākaukau ma lalo o -5°C, paʻa ka lithium ma o nā dendrites mai kēlā me kēia electrode. Ke hoʻopili ʻia ka anode a me ka cathode e kā lākou dendrites, hiki i ka pākaukau ke hopu i ke ahi a pahū. Nui nā hihia i hōʻike ʻia ma Nokia, Fujitsu-Siemens a i ʻole Samsung, ua hana pū ʻia nā pahū ma luna o nā mokulele, no laila, i kēia lā ua pāpā ʻia ke lawe ʻana i kahi pā lithium-ion i loko o ka paʻa, a ʻo ke kau ʻana i loko o ka hale ka palena pinepine i ka mana ( pāpā ʻia ma luna o 160 Wh a i ʻae ʻia mai 100 a 160 Wh).
No laila, no ka hakakā ʻana i kēia ʻano, ua hoʻokomo nā mea hana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele uila (BMS) hiki ke ʻike i ka mahana o ka pākaukau, hoʻoponopono i ka uila, a hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokele kaapuni inā he anomaly. ʻO ka electrolyte paʻa a i ʻole ka polymer gel kahi i ʻimi ʻia e pale i ka pilikia.
Eia kekahi, no ka pale ʻana i ka wela, ua lohi ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka pākaukau i ka 20 pakeneka hope loa, no laila ke hoʻolaha pinepine ʻia ka manawa hoʻouka ma 80% ...
Eia nō naʻe, maʻalahi loa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā, he hopena koʻikoʻi ka pākaukau lithium-ion, ma ka unuhi ʻana i ka lithium, e koi ana i ka nui o ka wai hou, a laila ma ka hana hou ʻana i ka hopena o kona ola. Eia naʻe, ke hoʻonui nei ka hana hou ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
He aha ka mea e hiki mai ana no ka lithium ion?
Ke neʻe nei ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe i emi iho ka haumia, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ʻana, a i ʻole ka palekana, ua hiki i ka pā lithium-ion i kona hiki?
ʻO ka pākaukau lithium-ion, i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kālepa no ʻekolu mau makahiki, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kāna ʻōlelo hope, a hoʻomau ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikehu, ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouka ʻana a i ʻole ka palekana. Ua ʻike mākou i kēia i nā makahiki, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ke kahua o nā huila ʻelua kaʻa, kahi i kū ai ka scooter ma kahi o kanalima kilomita 5 mau makahiki i hala, ua ʻoi aku kekahi mau kaʻa i kēia manawa ma mua o 200 mau palena.
ʻO nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana he legion nō hoʻi, e like me Nawa carbon electrode, Jenax foldable battery, 105 ° C wela hana ma NGK...
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻike pinepine ka noiʻi i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo koʻikoʻi o ka loaʻa kālā a me nā pono ʻoihana. Ke kali nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka lithium-air, kahi e kali nei nā mea a pau, aia nō ka lithium-ion i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka honua o nā huila ʻelua uila, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ke kaumaha a me ka wāwae he mau mea koʻikoʻi.
