Lenin - he paionia o ka ikehu nukelea

ʻO Lenin kahi paionia o ka ikehu nuklea. Lenin i Mei 1960, kiʻi mai kahi moku Navy Denemaka. Helicopter Mi-1 ma ka pae pae. Nā Hale Waihona Puke Forswarz

Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻĀkau Siberia me ka mea hiki ke "unuhi" mai kona mau ulu lāʻau. Nui nā kumuwaiwai, ʻo ka pilikia pehea e hāʻawi ai i ka "mea pio" i ka "civilization." ʻAʻole i maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia alanui i ka nui o nā kahawai i loko o ke kai anuanu, uhi ʻia me ka hau no ka hapa nui o ka makahiki, no laila ua waiho ʻia ma ka wai.

Mai ke kenekulia 1880, neʻe aku ka poʻe e noho ana ma nā kahakai o ke Kai Keʻokeʻo i ka hikina a hiki i ka nuku o ka Ob. Ma hope o nā huakaʻi o ka moʻokūʻauhau Romanov mua, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻimi ʻana i nā wai ʻākau i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 1877 me ka huakaʻi o Vitus Bering, nā kaikunāne Khariton lāua ʻo Dmitry Laptev a me Semyon Chelyuskin. Hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua maopopo ka hiki ke holo ma nā kahakai ʻākau o Asia. Ua hana mua ʻia kēia e ka huakaʻi a Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld ma luna o ka mokuahi Vega, i hoʻi mai i Stockholm i ʻApelila XNUMX, me ka hoʻopau ʻana i kahi huakaʻi pōʻai puni ʻelua makahiki me kahi hoʻoilo hau kokoke i ka Bering Strait. I kēlā manawa, mai ka makahiki XNUMX, ua lawe mua ʻia nā huahana mahiʻai mai nā awa o ke Kai Kara a hiki i Arkhangelsk. ʻAʻole ia he ʻoihana nui (a no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi), akā i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā waiwai mōʻalihaku o Siberia, ua hoʻāla ka wai Arctic i ka hoihoi nui i waena o nā Lūkini.

I ka hopena o Malaki 1897, cadmium. Ua haʻi ʻo Stepan Makarov, he mea kālai moana, huakaʻi, a laila ka luna o kekahi o nā pūʻali koa o ka Baltic Fleet, i ke aʻo ʻana ma ka St. icebreaker i hiki ke lanakila maluna o lakou. Ua kākoʻo ʻia ka postulate e ke aupuni a hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa ma hope mai, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka Jermak ma ka hale moku ʻo Newcastle-on-Tyne ma Newcastle-on-Tyne (ʻo Makarov ka mea kākau o kāna papahana, a nāna hoʻi i mālama i ka hana). A hiki i 1901, ua hana ʻo ia i ʻekolu mau huakaʻi "reconnaissance" i ka ʻākau me Makarov ma luna o ka moku. He ʻumi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻomaka nā huakaʻi maʻamau ma waena o Vladivostok a me Kolyma, ʻaʻole naʻe i nui ka waiwai waiwai.

ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Honua Mua a me ka huakaʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e Boris Vilkitsky ma 1913-1915. (ʻo ia hoʻi, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Severnaya Zemlya), kahi i hōʻoia maikaʻi ai ka 60-mika icebreakers "Taimyr" a me "Vaigach", hoʻololi i ka manaʻo o ke ala ʻākau. Ua hoʻohui ʻia ke kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa ʻo ʻOkakopa i kona koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai ua lilo ia i ala pōkole loa ma waena o nā kihi o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Bolshevik, akā ʻo ia wale nō ma waho o nā wai o nā ʻāina i kūʻē iki.

I ka makahiki 1932, no ka manawa mua ma ka hoʻokele hoʻokahi, ua haʻalele ʻo Alexander Sibiryakov i ka hau hau iā Arkhangelsk no ka Bering Strait me ka huakaʻi o Otto Schmidt, ka mea i koho koke ʻia ʻo ia ka luna mua o ka Main Northern Sea Route. I ka makahiki 1934, ua luku ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe e Fyodor Litke, a i ka makahiki 1935, ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana o ʻelua mau mea lawe lāʻau mai Leningrad a i Vladivostok, ua hoʻomaka kāna hana ukana maʻamau. ʻO ka hopena, i ka hapa lua o nā makahiki 30, ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo 4 Arctic icebreakers o ke ʻano Stalin ma nā moku moku Soviet.

Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka makahiki 1937, i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā moku ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 i ka hau (ua hāʻule kekahi o nā moku e ka "holomua" hummocks), ua ʻike ʻo Moscow i ka pono o ka Arctic icebreakers o kahi hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe a me nā propulsors ikaika. Ma mua o koʻu hiki ʻana i nā kikoʻī, ua hoʻomaka ke Kaua Patriotic Nui, a ʻo ka hopena, aia wale nō ma Mei 22, 1947, ua ʻae ke aupuni USSR i kahi ʻōlelo hoʻoholo "E hoʻolako i ke ala moana ʻĀkau me nā hau hau ikaika a me nā ʻauwaʻa halihali i kūpono no ka holo ʻana. i ka Arctic no kona hoʻololi ʻana. " i loko o kahi ala moana e hana maʻamau nei," i hāʻawi ʻia i nā kuhikuhi kūpono i ka Ministry of Shipbuilding.