ʻO ka pahu māmā M5 Stuart ʻāpana 2

ʻO ka pahu kukui māmā o US Army i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II ʻo ia ka M5A1 Stuart. I nā TDW ʻEulopa, ua nalowale lākou i ke ahi (45%) a me nā mines (25%) a i ke kī ʻana mai nā mea hoʻolele grenade anti-tank paʻa lima. ʻO 15% wale nō i luku ʻia e nā pahu.

I ka hāʻule o ka makahiki 1942, ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻaʻole kūpono nā pahu kaʻa māmā me nā pū 37-mm a me nā mea kaua liʻiliʻi no nā hana tank i mea nui ma ke kahua kaua - ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā pūʻali koa i ka wā e uhaki ai i nā pale a i ʻole nā ​​​​manuvering ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hui ʻenemi. , no ka mea . a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i kā lākou mau hana pale a i ʻole hoʻouka kaua. Akā ʻo kēia nā hana āpau i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā pahu? ʻAʻole loa.

ʻO kahi hana koʻikoʻi o nā kaʻa kaʻa, ʻo ia ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā pūʻali koa hele wāwae ma ka pale ʻana i nā laina kamaʻilio ma hope o nā pūʻali e neʻe nei. E noʻonoʻo ʻoe aia ʻoe i ke alakaʻi o kahi pūʻali koa brigade i alakaʻi ʻia e kahi pūʻali koa kaua me ʻekolu mau hui Shermans, i ukali pū ʻia me nā pūʻali koa ma Half-Track nā mea lawe lima kaua. Ke neʻe nei kekahi pūʻali koa pū me nā pū hoʻokele ponoʻī M7 Priest ma hope. I ka lele ʻana, ʻoiai aia hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau pahu ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke alanui, mākaukau e wehe i ke ahi ma ke kāhea ʻana i nā pūʻali koa mai mua, a ʻo ke koena o ka pūʻali koa e hoʻokokoke i ka pūʻali koa e lawe i kahi kūlana kiʻi, ʻo ka pākaukau hope loa i ka hele hope i ke kūlana hele a neʻe i mua. Aia ma hope ou he alanui me hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau huina koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka prototype M3E2 mua, me kahi pahu pahu M3 i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻelua mau mīkini kaʻa Cadillac. Ua hoʻokuʻu kēia i ka mana hana no nā ʻenekini radial Continental, i makemake nui ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mokulele.

Ma luna o kēlā me kēia o lākou, ua waiho ʻoe i kahi hui o nā huakaʻi kaʻa i ʻole ia e ʻae i ka ʻenemi e ʻoki iā ia, no ka mea e hele ana nā pahu wahie a me nā kaʻa General Motors "me nā mea āpau āu e pono ai" ma kēia ala. A ʻo ke koena o ke ala? ʻO kēia kahi kahi i hoʻouna ʻia ai nā platoons patrolling tank light i hoʻouna ʻia mai kahi ʻaoʻao a i kahi ʻaoʻao ka hopena kūpono. Inā pēlā, e ʻimi a luku lākou i kahi pūʻulu kaua ʻenemi i hele wāwae i nā kula a i ʻole nā ​​kumu lāʻau e hoʻohālua ai i nā mea lawe lako. Pono ʻoe i nā Sherman waena no kēia? ʻAʻole loa e kūpono ka M5 Stuart. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā pūʻali ʻenemi koʻikoʻi ma nā alanui wale nō. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki i nā pahu kaʻa ke neʻe i nā kula, akā ʻaʻole no kahi mamao loa, no ka mea inā e hina lākou ma luna o kahi pale wai a i ʻole ka ululāʻau paʻa, pono lākou e hele a puni i kekahi ʻano ... A he alanui ke alanui, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele. me ka hikiwawe loa.

Akā ʻaʻole kēia wale nō ka hana. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ia i ka pūʻali koa o nā kaʻa kaʻa me ka pūʻali koa. A eia ke alanui ma ka aoao. Pono e nānā i ka mea i laila, ma kahi o 5-10 km mai ke ala nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana. E neʻe aku nā Shermans a me Half-Trucks, a e hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi platun o nā satelite a Stewart. Ke ʻike ʻia ua hele lākou he ʻumi kilomika, ʻaʻohe mea hoihoi i laila, e hoʻi lākou a hui pū me nā pūʻali nui. A laila…

Nui nā hana e like me ia. No ka laʻana, kū mākou no ka pō, ma kahi ma hope o nā pūʻali i hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi pou kauoha brigade, a no ka pale ʻana iā ia pono mākou e hoʻohui i kahi hui o nā pahu kukui mai ka pūʻali koa o ka pūʻulu kaua brigade. No ka mea, pono nā kaʻa liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka pale manawaleʻa ma kahi i hiki ai. A pela aku a pela aku... He nui na mikiona makaikai, e uhi ana i ka eheu, e kiai ana i na ala lako, na kauoha kiai a me ke keena nui, no ka mea, aole pono na kaa "nui", aka, he mea pono ke ano o ke kaa kaua.

ʻO kēlā me kēia neʻe e hoʻemi i ka pono o ka wahie a me nā pūpū kaumaha (ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā pahu no ka M5 Stuart, a no laila i ke kaumaha - ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka lawe ʻana i ka laina mua). Ua puka mai kekahi ʻano hoihoi i nā ʻāina āpau i hana i nā pūʻali koa i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua. I ka wā mua, hoʻokumu nā mea a pau i nā māhele i piha i nā kaʻa kaʻa, a laila ua kaupalena nā mea a pau i kā lākou helu. Ua hōʻemi nā Kelemania i ka helu o nā ʻāpana o kā lākou mau māhele panzer mai kahi pūʻali koa ʻelua a i hoʻokahi regiment me ʻelua mau bataliona. Ua haʻalele pū ka poʻe Pelekania iā lākou me hoʻokahi pūʻali koa ma kahi o ʻelua, a ua hoʻopau nā Lūkini i ko lākou mau pūʻali koa nui mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaua a hoʻokumu i nā pūʻali koa, a laila hoʻomaka e hoʻohui ʻia i nā pūʻali koa, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole me nā mea hou aku. ma mua o hoʻokahi kaukani pahu, akā me ka helu ma kahi o ʻekolu manawa ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi.

Ua hana like nā ʻAmelika. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua hoʻouna ʻia kā lākou mau pūʻulu panzer, me ʻelua mau pūʻali panzer, ʻeono mau bataliona a pau, i mua o ʻApelika ʻĀkau. A laila, i kēlā me kēia māhele pahu kaʻa hope a ma ka hapa nui o nā mea i hana mua ʻia, ʻekolu mau pūʻali pahu kaʻawale i koe, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka pae regimental. A hiki i ka hopena o ke kaua, ua mau nā pūʻali koa me kahi hui ʻehā o ka hui kaua (ʻaʻole i helu ʻia ka hui kauoha me nā pūʻulu kākoʻo) i ka haku o ka mahele kaua ʻAmelika. ʻEkolu o kēia mau pūʻali koa he mau kaʻa kaʻa waena, a ʻo ka ʻehā i waiho ʻia me nā pahu kaʻa māmā. Ma kēia ʻano, ua emi iki ka nui o nā lako e pono ai e hāʻawi ʻia i kēlā batalion, a ma ka manawa like ua hoʻolako ʻia nā hana a pau me nā mea kaua.

Ma hope o ke kaua, ua nalowale ke ʻano o nā pahu kaʻa māmā. No ke aha mai? No ka mea ua lawe ʻia kā lākou mau hana e nā kaʻa maʻalahi i kūkulu ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke Kaua Cold - BMPs. ʻAʻole wale ko lākou mana ahi a me ka pale kaua i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pahu kaʻa māmā, ua lawe pū lākou i kahi pūʻali koa. ʻO lākou ka mea, ma waho aʻe o kā lākou kumu nui - ka lawe ʻana i nā pūʻali koa a me ke kākoʻo ʻana iā ia ma ke kahua kaua - ua lawe pū i nā hana i hana mua ʻia e nā kaʻa māmā. Akā i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II, ua hoʻohana mau ʻia nā pahu kaʻa māmā i nā pūʻali koa āpau o ka honua, no ka mea, ua loaʻa i nā Pelekania nā Stuarts ʻAmelika mai nā lako Lend-Lease, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kaʻa T-70 i ka USSR a hiki i ka hopena o ke kaua. Ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻohana M41 Walker Bulldog o nā kaʻa māmā ma USA, ka ʻohana PT-76 i ka USSR, a ma ka USSR, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi pahu kukui, kahi mea lawe lima hoʻomaʻamaʻa reconnaissance, kahi mea luku pahu, kahi. kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa, kaʻa kauoha a me ke kaʻa kōkua ʻenehana, a ʻo ia ka ʻohana ma hoʻokahi chassis.