ʻO ke kaʻa pale māmā BA-64
Nā mea
ʻO ke kaʻa pale māmā BA-64
Aia ke kalaiwa ma ke alo o ke kikowaena o ke kaʻa, a ma hope ona he keʻena hakakā, ma luna aʻe o kahi hale kiaʻi hamama me kahi pū mīkini DT. ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka pū mīkini i hiki ke kiʻi i nā mea kūʻē i ka mokulele a me nā pahu ea. No ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke kaʻa pale kaua, hiki i ka mea hoʻokele ke hoʻohana i kahi pani pani o ke aniani pale, ʻelua o nā poloka like i kau ʻia ma nā paia ʻaoʻao o ka hale kiaʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa i lako me nā lekiō 12RP. I ka hopena o ka makahiki 1942, ua hoʻololi hou ʻia ke kaʻa kaua, i ka wā i hoʻonui ʻia ai kona ala i 144b, a ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻelua mau mea haʻalulu i ka hoʻokuʻu mua. Ua hana ʻia ke kaʻa kaua kaua BA-64B a hiki i ka makahiki 1946. I ka wā o ka hana ʻana, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kāna mau ʻano like ʻole me kahi hau hau a me nā propellers, kahi ʻano me kahi pū mīkini nui-caliber, kahi hoʻouka amphibious a me kahi ʻano limahana.
I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka ʻike i loaʻa i nā makahiki 30 o ka hana ʻana i nā chassis ʻelua axle a me ʻekolu axle no nā kaʻa kaua, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe noho Gorky e hana i kahi kaʻa kaʻa pū mīkini māmā no ka pūʻali ikaika e pili ana i ka holo kaʻa huila ʻelua. kaʻa GAZ-64. Ma Iulai 17, 1941, hoʻomaka ka hana hoʻolālā. Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻolālā o ka mīkini e ka ʻenekinia F.A.Lependin, ua koho ʻia ʻo G.M. Wasserman i mea hoʻolālā alakaʻi. ʻO ke kaʻa kaua kaua i manaʻo ʻia, ma waho a ma ke ʻano o ka hiki ke kaua, he ʻokoʻa loa ia mai nā kaʻa mua o kēia papa. Pono nā mea hoʻolālā e noʻonoʻo i nā koi tactical a me nā ʻenehana hou no nā kaʻa pale kaua, i kū mai ma ke kumu o ka loiloi o ka ʻike kaua. E hoʻohana ʻia nā kaʻa no ka ʻike maka, no ke kauoha a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā pūʻali i ka wā o ke kaua. i ke kaua kū'ē i nā pūʻali hoʻouka lewa, no ka alakaʻi ʻana i nā convoy, a me ka pale ʻana i ka ea o nā pahu i ka huakaʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻike o nā limahana hana me ka Kelemania i hopu i ka SdKfz 221 kaʻa kaua, i hāʻawi ʻia iā GAZ ma Kepakemapa 7 no ka noiʻi kikoʻī, ua loaʻa kekahi mana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke kaʻa hou. ʻO ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana o kahi kaʻa kaua i hala ma kahi o ʻeono mahina - mai Iulai 17, 1941 a i Ianuali 9, 1942. I ka lā 10 o Ianuali, 1942, ua nānā ʻo Marshal o ka Soviet Union K. E. Voroshilov i ke kaʻa kaua hou. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka hale hana a me ka pūʻali koa, ua hōʻike ʻia ke kaʻa kaua i nā lālā o ka Politburo o ke Kōmike Nui o ka All-Union Communist Party o Bolsheviks ma Malaki 3, 1942. a i ke kauwela o kēlā makahiki, ua hoʻouna ʻia ka pūʻulu mua o nā kaʻa kaua serial i nā pūʻali koa o nā ʻaoʻao Bryansk a me Voronezh. No ka hana ʻana i ke kaʻa kaua BA-64 ma o ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka Council of People's Commissars o ka USSR o ʻApelila 10, 1942, V.A. Ua loaʻa iā Grachev ka makana mokuʻāina o ka USSR.
Kaʻa kaʻa kila ʻO ka BA-64 i hana ʻia e like me ka papa hana maʻamau me ka mīkini mua, ka hoʻokele mua a me nā huila holoʻokoʻa, me nā axles paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i mua ma nā punawai hapaha-elliptical ʻehā, a ma ka hope - ma nā puna semi-elliptical ʻelua. Ma luna o kahi kiʻi maʻamau paʻa mai ka GAZ-64, ua kau ʻia kahi kino multifaceted all-welded, i hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana kila i ʻōwili ʻia me ka mānoanoa o 4 mm a 15 mm. Ua hōʻike ʻia e nā kihi koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohuli ʻana o nā pā kaua i ka mokulele ākea, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka nui a me ke kaumaha. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao o ka hull he ʻelua mau kāʻei o nā pā kaua o 9 mm mānoanoa, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka pale ʻana i ka pōkā, i loaʻa i ka longitudinal a me nā ʻāpana o ka hull he ʻelua trapezoid i pelu ʻia e nā kumu. No ke komo ʻana a puka i waho o ke kaʻa, ʻelua mau puka i wehe ʻia i hope a i lalo, aia ma nā ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o nā ʻaoʻao ma ka ʻākau a me ka hema o ka mea hoʻokele. Ua kau ʻia kahi uhi pale kaua ma ka hope o ka hull, kahi i pale ai i ka ʻāʻī hoʻopiha o ka pahu kinoea. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka hull BA-64 nā hui riveted - ua maʻalahi nā hui o nā pale kaua. ʻO nā ʻeke o nā puka a me nā puka - waho, welded a i ʻole ma nā rivets protruding. ʻO ke komo ʻana i ka ʻenekini i lawe ʻia ma o ka uhi pale o luna o ke keʻena ʻenekini e wehe ana i hope. Ua paʻa nā puka a pau, nā puka a me nā uhi mai waho a ma loko. A laila, no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kūlana hana o ka mea hoʻokele, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ea intake ma ka uhi o luna o ka puʻu a ma mua o ka uhi o ka hull i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hema o ka pā kaua i mua o ka puka (ma hope koke o ka ʻēheu), ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi jack screw mechanical me nā ʻāpana ʻelua.
Aia ka mea hoʻokele o ke kaʻa kaua i loko o ke keʻena hoʻomalu i waenakonu o ke kaʻa, a ma hope ona, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ke alakaʻi. hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he pū mīkini. Hiki i ka mea hoʻokele ke nānā i ke alanui a me ka ʻāina ma o ke aniani nānā me kahi poloka o ke aniani pale pōkā o ke ʻano "triplex", i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka puka hāmama o ka ʻaoʻao o ka hull mua a pale ʻia mai waho e kahi pani pale kaua. Eia kekahi, ma kekahi mau mīkini, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o luna o ke keʻena hoʻomalu, i wehe ʻia inā pono e ka mea hoʻokele. Ma ka hope o ke kaʻa kaua ma luna o ka hale o ka hull, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hale kiaʻi circular rotation, i hana ʻia ma ke kuʻi ʻana mai nā pā kaua 10 mm mānoanoa a me ke ʻano o kahi pyramid octagonal i ʻoki ʻia. Ma mua o ka hui o ka hale kiaʻi me ka hull i pale ʻia e kahi pale pale - pale. Mai luna mai, ua hāmama ka hale kiaʻi a, ma nā laʻana mua, ua pani ʻia me ka ʻupena pelu. Hāʻawi kēia i ka hiki ke nānā aku i kahi ʻenemi ea a kiʻi aku iā ia mai nā mea kaua lele. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka hale kiaʻi i loko o ke kino o kahi kaʻa kaua ma luna o ke kolamu cone. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hale kiaʻi i hana ʻia me ka lima e ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka luna pū, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohuli a hoʻopaʻa iā ia ma ke kūlana i makemake ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pahu. Aia ma ka paia mua o ka hale kiaʻi he puka no ke kī ʻana i nā pahu hopu honua, a ua kau ʻia ʻelua mau mea nānā ma kona mau paia ʻaoʻao, e like me ka mea nānā o ke kalaiwa.
Ua lako ʻia ʻo BA-64 me kahi pū mīkini 7,62 mm DT. V kaʻa pale kaua no ka manawa mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi hoʻokomo pū mīkini honua, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia i ka pōʻai pōʻai mai ka turret o nā pahuhopu honua ma kahi mamao a hiki i 1000 m a me nā pahu lele e lele ana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 500 m. Hiki i ka mīkini pū ke neʻe i luna. ʻo ka pahu mai ka puʻu kū pololei o ka turret a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kekahi kiʻekiʻe waena. No ke kī ʻana i nā pahu hopu lewa, ua hoʻolako ʻia ka pū mīkini me kahi ʻike apo. Ma ka mokulele paʻa, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka pū mīkini i ka pahuhopu i ka ʻāpana mai -36 ° a + 54 °. ʻO ka ukana o ke kaʻa pale kaua he 1260 mau pōkā, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o 20 mau makasini, a me 6 mau grenades. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa kaua i hoʻolako ʻia me RB-64 a i ʻole 12-RP lekiō me kahi ākea o 8-12 km. Ua kau pololei ʻia ka antenna whip ma ka ʻaoʻao hope ('ākau) o ka pā o ka hale kiaʻi a kū i 0,85 m ma luna o kona hopena. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻenekini GAZ-64 maʻamau i hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka ʻenekini BA-64, hiki ke holo ma luna o ka aila haʻahaʻa a me ka ʻaila, he mea nui loa ia no ka hana ʻana o kahi kaʻa kaua i nā kūlana mua. Ua hoʻomohala ka ʻenekini carburetor ʻehā-cylinder liquid-cooled i ka mana o 36,8 kW (50 hp), i hiki ai i ke kaʻa kaua ke neʻe ma nā alanui paʻa me ka wikiwiki o 80 km / h. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke kaʻa kaua i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hiki ke neʻe ma nā alanui lepo a me nā ʻāina ʻino me ka wikiwiki awelika kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 20 km / h. Me kahi pahu pahu piha piha, ka nui o ka 90 liters, hiki i ka BA-64 ke hele i 500 km, kahi i hōʻike ai i ka mana kūʻokoʻa o ke kaʻa. Ua lilo ʻo BA-64 i kaʻa kaʻa kaua mua me ka holo kaʻa holoʻokoʻa, mahalo i ka lanakila ʻana i nā pali ma luna o 30 degere ma ka lepo paʻa, holo a hiki i 0,9 m ka hohonu a me nā pali paheʻe me kahi piʻi a hiki i 18 degere. ʻAʻole hele maikaʻi ke kaʻa ma luna o ka ʻāina a me ke one, akā haʻalele pū me ka hilinaʻi mai nā lepo palupalu ma hope o ke kū ʻana. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka hull - nā uhi nui ma mua a ma hope i maʻalahi i ke kaʻa pale kaua e lanakila ai i nā ʻauwai, nā lua a me nā ʻauwai. I ka makahiki 1942 kaʻa komo lima Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ʻo BA-64 e pili ana i ka hana hou o ka mīkini kumu GAZ-64. ʻO ke kaʻa kaua i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, i koho ʻia ʻo BA-64B, ua hoʻonui ʻia kahi ala i 1446 mm, hoʻonui i ka laulā a me ke kaumaha, hoʻonui i ka mana mīkini i 39,7 kW (54 hp), kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomaha ʻenekini i hoʻonui ʻia a me ka hoʻokuʻu mua ʻana me ʻehā mau mea hoʻohāhā ma kahi o elua.
Hoʻomaka i ka pūnāwai o 1943, hoʻomau ka hana ʻana o ka BA-64B a hiki i 1946. I ka makahiki 1944, ʻo ka hana ʻana o BA-64B, e like me nā hōʻike NPO, ʻoi aku ka nui o 250 mau kaʻa i kēlā me kēia mahina - 3000 i kēlā me kēia makahiki (me kahi walkie-talkie - 1404 mau ʻāpana). ʻOiai ʻo kā lākou drawback nui - ka mana ahi haʻahaʻa - ua hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia nā kaʻa kaua BA-64 i nā hana pae ʻana, reconnaissance raids, no ka mālama ʻana a me ka pale kaua ʻana i nā pūʻulu infantry. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka BA-64 i nā kaua alanui i lilo i mea kūleʻa, kahi mea koʻikoʻi ʻo ka hiki ke puhi i nā papa o luna o nā hale. Ua komo pū ʻo BA-64 a me BA-64B i ka hopu ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale ʻo Polani, Hungarian, Romanian, Austrian, i ka ʻino o Berlin. Ma ka huina, e like me ka pūʻali koa, 8174 mau kaʻa kaua BA-64 a me BA-64B i loaʻa mai nā mea hana, a he 3390 o nā kaʻa i hoʻolako ʻia i ka lekiō. ʻO nā kaʻa kaua 62 hope loa i hana ʻia e nā hale hana i ka makahiki 1946. I ka huina, no ka manawa mai 1942 a 1946, ua hana nā hale hana i 3901 mau kaʻa kaua BA-64 a me 5209 BA-64 B. Ua lilo ʻo BA-64 i ʻelele hope loa o nā kaʻa kaua i ka Soviet Army. I ka pau ʻana o ke kaua, ua piʻi nui ka hakakā ʻana o nā hui reconnaissance ma nā huila a me ka hahai ʻana i nā mea lawe lima o ka ʻano MZA a i ʻole ka hapalua-track M9A1. I loko o ka Soviet Army ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kaʻa kāhiko BA-64B (ʻaʻohe mea haʻahaʻa haiki BA-64 i koe) i mau kaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua a hiki i ka makahiki 1953. Ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe (Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany) ua hoʻohana lōʻihi loa lākou. I ka makahiki 1950, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi mana hou o ka BA-64 ma ka GDR, a loaʻa iā ia ka inoa SK-1. Kūkulu ʻia ma luna o kahi chassis Robur Garant 30K lōʻihi, ma waho ua like loa me ka BA-64. Ua komo nā kaʻa kāhiko SK-1 i ka lawelawe me nā mākaʻi a me ke kiaʻi palena o ka GDR. Ua hoʻouna ʻia kahi helu nui o nā kaʻa kaua BA-64B i Yugoslavia. DPRK a me Kina. E heluhelu pū hoʻi i ke kaʻa pale kaua māmā BA-20 Nā hoʻololi o ke kaʻa kaua BA-64
Kaʻa kāhiko BA-64 |
I ka hopena o ʻOkakopa 1942, ua hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻia ka BA-64B i hoʻololi ʻia i ka holo hoʻāʻo, e hōʻoia ana i ka hiki o ka hana i hana ʻia - ʻo ka ʻōwili i ʻae ʻia he 25 °. Inā ʻaʻole, ʻo ka nui o nā mea pale i lanakila ʻia e ke kaʻa pale kaua hou. ʻAʻole i loli ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kaʻa kaua BA-64.| Kaumaha hakakā | 2,4 t |
| Nā Palena: | |
| ka lōʻihi | 3660 мм |
| laulā | 1690 мм |
| ke kiʻekiʻe | 1900 мм |
| Kālā | 2 mau kānaka |
| ʻO Armament | 1 х 7,62 mm DT pū mīkini |
| Pahu | Nā helehelena 1074 |
| Hoʻopaʻa ʻana: | |
| lae hull | 12 мм |
| lae halekiai | 12 мм |
| ʻenekini ʻano | carburetor GAZ-MM |
| Mana ikaika loa | 50 h.p. |
| ʻO ka māmā kiʻekiʻe | 80 km / h |
| Waihona uila | 300 – 500 km |
Nā kumuhana:
- ʻO nā kaʻa kaua a Maxim Kolomiets Stalin. ʻO ka makahiki gula o nā kaʻa kaua [War and us. ʻOhi pahu pahu];
- Kolomiets M.V. Armor ma na huila. ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ke kaʻa kaua Soviet 1925-1945;
- M. Baryatinsky. Nā kaʻa kaua o ka USSR 1939-1945;
- I.Moshchansky, D.Sakhonchik "Liberation of Austria" (Military Chronicle No. 7, 2003);
- Hale Publishing Militaria 303 "Ba-64";
- E. Prochko. BA-64 kaʻa kaua. Amphibian GAZ-011;
- ʻO G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of World Tanks 1915 - 2000".
- A. G. Solyankin, M. V. Pavlov, I. V. Pavlov, I. G. Zheltov. ʻO nā kaʻa pale kaua kūloko. Keneturi XX. 1941-1945;
- Zaloga, Steven J .; ʻO James Grandsen (1984). ʻO nā kaʻa kaua Soviet a me nā kaʻa kaua o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua;
- ʻO Alexander Lüdeke: nā kaʻa pio o ka Wehrmacht - Great Britain, Italia, Soviet Union a me USA 1939-45;
- ʻO ke kaʻa kaua BA-64 [Autogends o ka USSR No. 75].
