Lvov-Sandomierz hana ino.

ʻO nā pahu kaʻa Kelemania ʻo PzKpfw VI Tygrys a me PzKpfw V Pantera, i kī ʻia i lalo ma kahi o Drokhobych; Western Ukraine, ʻAukake 1944

ʻO nā hana kūleʻa o nā pūʻali Soviet ma Belarus i hoʻokumu i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka 1944th Ukrainian Front (1st UV) ma ke kuhikuhi Lvov-Sandomierz ma ka waena o Iulai 1. Ma ka lā 25 o Mei, ua alakaʻi ka huakaʻi i ka 1st FI mai Marshal Georgy Zhukov. ʻO Ivan Konev.

I ka huli ʻana o 440 km, e hele ana ma ke komohana o Kovel, Tarnopol a me Kolomyia, ʻo ka pūʻali koa "Northern Ukraine" ma lalo o ke kauoha a Field Marshal Walter Model i noho i ka hapa nui o kona mau pūʻali. ʻO ia ka pūʻali koa kaʻa 1 a me ka 4 o Kelemania, a me ka pūʻali koa Hungarian 1, ma ka huina o 34 mau mokuahi infantry, 5 mau pahu pahu, 1 mau pūʻali kaʻa a me 2 pūʻali koa infantry. ʻOi aku ma mua o 600 6300 mau koa a me nā luna, 900 mau pū a me nā morta, 4 mau pahu a me nā pū hoʻouka. Ma ka manawa like, aia nā ʻāpana o ka ʻēheu hema o ka pūʻali Panzer 1 ma mua o nā pūʻali koa o ka 4th Belorussian Front. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā mokulele 700 e kākoʻo i nā hana pale o ka XNUMXth Air Fleet. Ua manaʻo ke kauoha Kelemania me kēia mau pūʻali e hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi hapa o Ukraine ma kona mau lima, a e uhi pū hoʻi i nā kuhikuhi e alakaʻi ana i ka hema o Polani a me Czechoslovakia, kahi mea waiwai nui a hoʻolālā.

I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lanakila ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau ʻo Ukraine a me ka manaʻo ʻana i nā "Stalinist blows" hou, ua hoʻoikaika a hoʻomaikaʻi ka poʻe Kelemania i ko lākou mau kūlana pale, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ke kuhikuhi Lvov. ʻEkolu mau laina pale i hana ʻia ma luna o ia mea, akā ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā pūʻali Soviet, ʻelua wale nō i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, e hana ana i kahi laina hoʻolālā kaua. ʻElima mau pahu pahu, hoʻokahi kaʻa kaʻa a ʻekolu mau pūʻali koa i mālama ʻia me nā luna o nā pūʻali koa a me ka GA "Northern Ukraine".

Hana Lvov

ʻO ka mua o Ukrainian Front: 1, 1 a me 3 mau kiaʻi, 5th, 13th, 18th a me 38th pūʻali, 60 a me 1rd kiaʻi a me 3th i nā pūʻali tank, 4nd air forces, 2th kiai, 4th a me 25st tank corps, 31st tank corps. kino kino. Corps, a me ka Czechoslovak 1st Army Corps. ʻO ka huina, he 6 mau pūʻali koa hele wāwae, 1 mau pūʻali koa lio, 74 mau pūʻali koa, 6 ʻāpana mortar o nā Kiaʻi (nā mea hoʻolele kiʻi pū), 4 pūʻali mechanized, 1 pūʻali pahu, 3 pūʻali koa kaua, 7 regiment kaʻa kaʻawale a me nā pūʻali koa ponoʻī. pū hoʻolele ʻia. - ma kahi o 4 miliona mau koa a me nā luna, 17 mau pū a me nā morta, 1,2 mau mea hoʻolele kiki, 15 mau kaʻa a me 500 mau pū hoʻokele ponoʻī, 1056 mokulele kaua. ʻO ia ka pūʻulu laina mua nui loa o nā mea a pau i hoʻokumu ʻia i kēia manawa.

ʻO kahi kolamu o nā koa o ka pūʻali Hungarian e hele ana ma ke kaʻa o ka luna o ka GA "Northern Ukraine" Field Marshal Walter Model.

E pili ana i ka hana i manaʻo ʻia, ua mālama ka Luna Nui Nui i kahi hālāwai kūikawā ma Kremlin ma Iune 23, kahi i hōʻike ai ʻo Konev i kāna hoʻoholo e hoʻomaka i ʻelua mau hahau: ma nā kuhikuhi Lvov a me Ravsko-Rusyn. ʻO kēia ka mea i hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka hui kaua o ka GA "Northern Ukraine", hoʻopuni a luku i ka ʻenemi ma ka wahi o Brody. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai Stalin, ka mea i manaʻo he mea ʻole ke hoʻopuehu i nā pūʻali ma nā wahi nui. Ua kauoha ke "aliʻi" e hahau i hoʻokahi hahau - ma Lvov, e hoʻokomo i kona ikaika a pau i loko.

Paʻa ka lio, me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana o ka hahau ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi e hiki ai i ka ʻenemi ke hoʻokele i nā ʻāpana hoʻolālā a me nā kaʻa kaʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa i nā mokulele āpau i kahi hoʻokahi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻouka ʻana o kekahi o nā pūʻulu hoʻokūkū ma ka ʻāpana ikaika loa e alakaʻi ʻole i kahi holomua o ka pale, akā i kahi holomua paʻakikī o nā laina o ka pale a ʻaʻole ia e hana i nā mana hana nui. I ka hopena, pale ka luna mua i kona manaʻo. I ka lā 24 o Iune, ua ʻae ʻo Stalin i ka hoʻolālā hana i manaʻo ʻia e ka mua, akā i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: E hoʻomanaʻo, e Konev, e holo mālie ka hana a lawe mai i ka hopena i manaʻo ʻia.

ʻO ka hana o ka mua: e uhaki i ka GA "Northern Ukraine", e hoʻopau i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o Ukraine a hoʻoili i nā hakakā i ka ʻāina o Polani. Ua hana ʻia ka hana me ka hui pū ʻana me nā pūʻali koa o ka 1st Belorussian Front e neʻe nei ma Lublin. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokau i ʻelua puʻupuʻu ikaika ma ka ʻēheu ʻākau a ma waena a wāwahi i mua i ʻelua ʻāpana, 60-70 km kaʻawale mai kekahi i kekahi. ʻO ka mea mua i manaʻo ʻia e hana ʻia mai ka ʻāpana komohana o Lutsk i ke kuhikuhi o Sokal a me Rava Russkaya, ʻo ka lua - mai ka ʻāina ʻo Tarnopol a hiki i Lvov, me ka hana o ka lanakila ʻana i ka pūʻulu Lvov o nā Kelemania, e hopu ana iā Lvov a me ka pā kaua Przemysl.

ʻO ka pūʻali koa ma ke kuhikuhi Lutsk: ka 3rd Guards Army of Gordov Vasily Grigorievich, ka 13th Army of Lieutenant General Nikolai Pavlovich Pukhov, ka 1st Guards Tank Army of Colonel General Katukov M.E., Cavalry Mechanized Group (i loko o ka 25th Tank Corps). a me ka 1st Guards Cavalry Corps) malalo o ke alakai ana a Lutanela Kenerala Viktor Baranov. Ua kākoʻo ʻia ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana e nā pūʻali mokulele ʻehā o ka 2nd Air Army.

ʻO ka "lima" i manaʻo ʻia e hahau ma ka ʻaoʻao Lvov, ʻo ia ka 60th Army of Colonel General Pavel A. Kurochkin, the 38th Army of Colonel General Kirill Sergeevich Moskalenok, the 3rd Guards Tank Army of Colonel General Pavel Rybalka , 4th Army: ʻO ka pūʻali koa Tank o Lutenant General Dmitry Lkhatenko, Cavalry Mechanized Group o Lutenant General Sergei Sokolov nona: 31st Tank Corps a me 6th Guards Cavalry Corps. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ke kākoʻo ea e ʻelima mau pūʻali ea.

I ka hoʻouka kaua e neʻe ana ma Lutsk, ua manaʻo ʻia he 12 mau māhele raifela, ʻelua pahu pahu, hoʻokahi mechanized a me hoʻokahi pūʻali koa lio, ʻelua mau pūʻali koa o ka breakthrough - 14 mau pū a me nā morta, 3250 mau kaʻa a me nā pū hoʻokele ponoʻī. nā pū hoʻokele ponoʻī, 717 mokulele. Ma ka pauku 1300-kilomita o Lvov, he 14 mau moku kaua, eha pahu, elua mechanized a me hookahi puali kaua lio, a me elua breakthrough pu mokukaua - 15 pu a me ka morta, 3775 kaa a me ka pono-propelled pu, 1084 mokulele.

I ka lima o ka lā o ka hana, ua hōʻea ka 3rd Guards a me 4th Tank Army, i ka hoʻouka kaua hohonu ma ka hema a me ka ʻākau o Lvov, i ka laina Nemirov-Yavorov, ma kahi mamao loa ma ke komohana o ke kūlanakauhale.

Ma ka ʻēheu hema o ke alo, ma nā wāwae o ka Carpathians, ua hoʻonoho ʻia nā pūʻali koa o ka pūʻali koa kiaʻi mua, ʻo Konela Kenerala Andrei Grechka a me ka pūʻali koa 1, ʻo Lieutenant General Yevgeny Petrovich Zhuravlev. No ka lanakila o kona mau hoalauna, ua hoʻokumu ka pūʻali koa Helene i kahi pūʻulu hoʻokūkū o ʻelima mau pūʻali koa hele wāwae a me ka 18th Guards Tank Corps, ua manaʻo ʻia e hele i ka hoʻouka kaua, e hopu i kahi alahaka ma ka ʻāina Galich, a pēlā e uhi ai i nā hana a koa ma ke kuhikuhi ana o Lvov. ʻO ka Zhuravlev Army, e hana ana ma ka hema o ka Dniester, aia ka hana o ka paʻa ʻana i nā palena i noho ʻia a mākaukau no ka hoʻouka kaua ma ke ala ʻo Stanislavov.

ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka mua, ʻo ia ka 5th Guards Army (ʻeiwa mau māhele) o Colonel-General Aleksey Sergeevich Zhadov, i hoʻoili ʻia mai ka 2nd Ukrainian Front, a me ka 47th Rifle Corps ma ke kauoha a ka Supreme High Command.

Ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, e lanakila ana nā pūʻulu hoʻouka i nā pūʻali ʻenemi nui, a ʻo kekahi hapa o ko lākou mau pūʻali e hana i kahi alahele ma nā ʻaoʻao hoʻohuli a luku i nā pūʻali koa Kelemania ma ka wahi o Brody. A laila e lawe lākou i ke kūlanakauhale, e hoʻomohala i ka hoʻouka kaua a me ke kāʻei ʻana iā Lvov mai ka ʻākau a me ke komohana hema. I ka lā ʻelima o ka hana, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻea i ka palena: Hrubieszow - Tomaszow - Nemirov - Yavoruw - Radlów. Ma ka papa ʻelua o ka hana, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hahau i ke kuhikuhi Sandomierz i mea e koi ai i ka Vistula a hana i kahi paepae hana nui kokoke i Sandomierz. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ua pili ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka hoʻopuni ʻana me nā pilikia nui, ʻoiai ʻo ka mua ma ka laina o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā pūʻulu haʻalulu i kau ʻia ma kahi laina pololei, me ka ʻole o nā piko.

I ka lā 10 o Iulai, ua ʻae hope loa ke Keʻena Poʻo i ke kumumanaʻo o ka hana. Ua hāʻawi ʻia hoʻi ke kauoha e hoʻohana i nā pūʻali koa kaua a me kahi pūʻulu mīkini lio e uhaʻi i ka pale, a ua hōʻike ʻia nā kānalua e pili ana i ka hiki ke hele wāwae i ka ʻāina me ka wikiwiki o 35 km i kēlā me kēia lā, e like me ka manaʻo o Konev. Ua koi ʻia ka luna mua e ʻae a hoʻololi i ka hoʻolālā no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pūʻali koa kaua: i kēia manawa e lawe ʻia lākou i ke kaua ma ka lua o ka lā o ka hana ma hope o ka haki ʻana o nā pūʻali koa i hui ʻia i loko o ke kahua pale kaua o ka ʻenemi.

No ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka hana, ua hoʻokumu ke keʻena poʻo mua i kahi hoʻolālā camouflage hana, i hāʻawi ʻia no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka manaʻo o nā pūʻali koa ʻelua a me kahi pahu pahu ma ka ʻēheu hema o mua, i nā pūʻali o ka 1st Guards Army a me ka Puali 18. No laila, ua hoʻomaka ʻia kahi hoʻohālike nui o ka lawe ʻana i nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā pū kīwī ponoʻī, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā wahi no ka wehe ʻana i nā pūʻulu pale kaua, ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā ala no ko lākou hele ʻana i nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a ua alakaʻi ʻia nā leka koʻikoʻi i ka lewa. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka nui o nā ʻano hoʻohālike o nā kaʻa, nā kaʻa, nā pū a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe ma nā kahua hoʻopunipuni. Ua uhi ʻia nā kahua mokulele hoʻopunipuni me nā mea hoʻohenehene o nā mokulele i nā kī hana o nā mea hakakā e hōʻoia i ko lākou ʻoiaʻiʻo. Ua kū nā pūʻulu Reconnaissance i nā wahi he nui, e koho ana i nā wahi e hoʻokipa ai i "ke keʻena nui a me nā pūʻali e hiki mai ana."

Nā moku moku Hungarian a me Kelemania me PzKpfw VI Ausf. E Tiga; Western Ukraine, Iulai 1944

ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala ʻoi loa o ka hūnā, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopunipuni loa i ka ʻenemi. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe Kelemania i ka neʻe ʻana o nā pūʻali koa o ka 1st Ukrainian Front, ka mea nui ma ke ala o Lviv, kahi i waiho ʻia ai nā mālama mālama - ka 1st Panzer Corps (8th and 20th Panzer Divisions a me ka 1st Motorized Division) o General Herman Breit. Ua ʻike lākou i ke ʻano a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā pūʻali koa i hui ʻia, hoʻoholo i nā kuhikuhi o nā hoʻouka kaua e hiki mai ana, a hoʻolālā i nā hana kūʻē, ʻoi aku ka haʻalele ʻana i ka laina lua o ka pale ma kahi ʻāpana nui o ke alo. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ka luna o ka pūʻali Panzer 160, ʻo General Erhard Raus, ua ʻike ʻo ia me ka pololei kūpono i ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻouka kaua nui a Rusyn, kahi i waiho ai kāna mau sappers i 200 mau kānaka. nā mines anti-personnel a me XNUMX mau tausani anti-tank mines. ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi huna ʻana, ke kūpaʻa paʻakikī i ka hohonu, ka hoʻouka kaua ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻokumu kiʻekiʻe - ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka pale Kelemania. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka manawa, ua hoʻihoʻi ke Kenela i kona mau pūʻali koa mai ka lālani pale mua no ʻekolu pō ma ka lālani, a laila kauoha iā lākou e hoʻi i ka laina i noho mua ʻia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻia ʻana o ka pūʻali pahu pahu o Katukov ma ka hema o Lutsk.