Papahana 68K mau moku holo moku
Zheleznyakov ma nā hoʻokolohua kai. Ua kiʻi ʻia paha ke kiʻi o ka moku e neʻe ana me ka māmā nui. ʻO nā moku holo moku Soviet o nā papahana 26, 26bis, 68K a me 68bis he mau laina nani, me ke ʻano Italia o ka hale kiaʻi kauoha.
I ka waena o 30s, ua kūkulu ʻia nā hoʻolālā nui no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻauwaʻa holo moana ma USSR. Ma waena o nā papa hoʻokahi a me nā subclasses o nā moku, nā moku holo māmā, i manaʻo ʻia no ka hana ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o nā pūʻali koa honua e hiki mai ana, he mea nui loa. ʻAʻole like me nā moku holo moku o ke ʻano 26 "Kirov" a me ke ʻano 26bis "Maxim Gorky" i kūkulu ʻia ma nā hale moku kūloko me ke kōkua o nā Italia, pono e hōʻike ʻia nā mea hou e nā hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi.
Ma Malaki 1936, ua waiho ka WMO Board of the Red Army (Naval Forces of the Workers-Christian Red Army, ma hope iho - ZVMS) i nā noi i ka ʻaha kūkā o nā Commissars People (ʻo ia hoʻi, ke aupuni Soviet) ma nā papa (subclasses) o nā moku ma lalo. kūkulu hale. , me nā moku holo moku māmā me 180 mm artillery (i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ʻo 26 type Kirov). Ma ka hoʻoholo a ka Council of Labor and Defense o ka USSR o Mei 27, 1936, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka tonnage o ka "auwaʻa nui" e hiki mai ana (8 liners o ka neʻe ʻana maʻamau o 35 tons a me 000 o 12 tons), me nā moku holo moku nui. he 26 mm ka nui o ka pū, ma kahi kokoke i nā palena āpau i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā moku kaua Sevastopol-class i ka lawelawe. Ua kauoha ʻia ʻo ZVMS a me ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka Naval Shipbuilding o ka Navy (ma kēia manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo GUK) e hoʻomākaukau i kahi papahana no ke kūkulu ʻana i kēia mau moku, i wāwahi ʻia e nā makahiki a hiki i 000, a hoʻomaka koke i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā ʻāpana laina, a me ke kaumaha a nā moku holo māmā.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka manaʻo i ka manaʻo nui e puka mai ana mai nā hoʻolālā Soviet. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻo ka huina o nā moku i hōʻike ʻia no ke kūkulu ʻana he 1 tons (!), ʻO ia ka mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hiki o ka ʻoihana kūloko (no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ua like ia me ka huina o nā tonages o ka Royal Navy a me ka US Navy i ka manawa i kūkākūkā ʻia). Mai poina naʻe, ma hea a me ke ʻano o kēia mau "hoʻolālā" i hana ʻia. ʻO ka mea mua, ua kūkulu nā mana moana i nā moku puʻupuʻu koʻikoʻi, a ʻo ka lua, i kēlā manawa i ka USSR he mea paʻakikī a weliweli ke kūʻē i ka "laina laulā" o ka manaʻo. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hoʻonā hou ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa politika i ʻike ʻole ʻia, i piʻi i ka waena o 727. Mai ka nalowale ʻana me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka Stalinist Gulag, ʻaʻohe mea i palekana, ʻo ia hoʻi nā alakaʻi o nā ʻauwaʻa a me nā ʻoihana. ʻO kēia ka mea i alakaʻi i ka hoʻohaunaele i ke kaʻina hana, a me ka hoʻokaʻulua ʻole ua hoʻemi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka huahana (ua hoʻopili wale ʻia nā pilikia āpau i nā "intrigues o nā ʻenemi o ka poʻe"), a no laila, ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana o ka moku a me nā hoʻolālā no kā lākou. ua hoʻopau ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana.
Ma ka lā 26 o Iune, 1936, ma ke kauoha aupuni, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e kūkulu i "nā ʻauwaʻa moana nui a me nā ʻauwaʻa moana" hiki ke hakakā ikaika i nā pūʻali koa moana o "kekahi o nā mokuʻāina kapitalista a i ʻole kā lākou hui." No laila, ua ʻae ʻia ka papahana "kapili moku moana nui", e hāʻawi ana i ka hana ʻana o nā papa nui (subclasses):
- Nā moku kaua Papa A (35 tons, 000 units - 8 i ka Baltic Fleet a me 4 i ka Black Sea Fleet);
- nā moku kaua type B (26 tons, 000 units - 16 ma ka Moana Pākīpika, 6 ma Baltic, 4 ma ke Kai ʻEleʻele a me 4 ma ka ʻĀkau);
- nā moku holo māmā o kahi ʻano hou (7500 tons, 5 mau ʻāpana - 3 ma ka Baltic Fleet a me 2 ma ka Northern Fleet);
- ʻO nā moku holo māmā o ke ʻano "Kirov" (7300 tons, 15 mau ʻāpana - 8 ma ka Pacific Fleet, 3 ma Baltic a me 4 ma ke Kai ʻEleʻele).
Eia naʻe, ma Iulai 17, 1937, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia kahi ʻaelike Anglo-Soviet ma Lākana e hōʻemi i ka nui o nā moku o nā papa nui, e like me ka USSR i hoʻohiki ai e hoʻokō i nā ʻaelike honua ma ke kahua o nā mea kaua moana a me nā palena i puka mai. lakou. ʻO kēia ma muli o kekahi kauoha aupuni, i apono ʻia ma ʻAukake 13-15, "no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka papahana hana moku o 1936." I Kepakemapa o kēia makahiki, ua hāʻawi ʻia ke aupuni me ka "Plan of Combat Shipbuilding of the Navy of the Red Army", kahi i lanakila ai nā ʻāpana like: 6 Type A (4 no ka Pacific Fleet a me 2 no ka ʻĀkau), 12 ʻAno B (2 no ka Moana Pākīpika, 6 no ka Baltic
a me 4 no ke Kai ʻEleʻele), 10 mau holo moku kaumaha a me 22 māmā (me ka papa Kirov). ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia kēia hoʻolālā. Ua kanalua no hoi kona hooko ana, aka, ua hoomau ia ka manao o na moku, a me na mea kaua i nalowale.
I Feberuari 1938, ua waiho aku ka Main Naval Staff i ka People's Commissariat of Industry i ka "Program for the Construction of Combat and Auxiliary Ships for 1938-1945". Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaua me Kelemania (Iune 22, 1941), ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka "papahana nui" a ua komo: 15 mau moku kaua, 15 mau moku holo koʻikoʻi, 28 mau moku holo māmā (me 6 Kirov papa) a me nā papa ʻē aʻe he nui. a me nā ʻano. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka manaʻo i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā moku kaua me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hihia o nā moku holo māmā. Ma ka lā 6 o ʻAukake, 1939, ua hāʻawi aku ke komisina hou o ka Navy, N. G. Kuznetsov, i ke aupuni i ka "Ten-Year Shipbuilding Plan for the Navy", i hoʻolako ʻia no ke kūkulu ʻana, me: 15 ʻano "A" moku, 16 kaumaha. nā moku holo moku a me nā moku holo māmā 32 (me 6 "Kirov"). I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hiki maoli o ka ʻoihana, me nā wahi ma nā ramps, ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua mau papa ʻelima makahiki - 1938-1942 a me 1943-1947. ʻOiai ʻo ka pahuhopu nui o kēia mau hoʻolālā, ʻo ia ke kūkulu ʻana i nā moku puʻupuʻu koʻikoʻi, kahi i makemake nui ai ʻo Comrade Stalin, ʻo nā moku holo moana māmā i hana i kahi ʻāpana nui o nā hoʻolālā i hoʻolālā ʻia a koi ʻia ka nānā kūikawā. ʻO ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā o ka Red Army Navy o 1936, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ua noʻonoʻo i ka pono o kahi moku hou o kēia papa, i hoʻolālā ʻia e hana ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka squadron linear.
