ʻO ka hāʻule a me ke ola hou ʻana o ka Albanian VVS

ʻO ka mea holo wikiwiki loa o ka mokulele pūʻali koa Albania, ʻo ia ka mokulele F-7A Kina, he kope o ka MiG-21F-13 Lūkini (ua kūʻai ʻia he 12 mau mīkini).

Ua hoʻololi nui ʻia ka mokulele ʻo Albanian Air Force i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, me ka hoʻemi nui. Ua pau ka manawa o ka mokulele mokulele mokulele, i lako nui me nā kope Kina o nā mokulele Soviet. I kēia lā, ʻo ka Albanian Air Force e hana wale i nā helikopter.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Air Force Albanian ma 24 ʻApelila 1951 a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ko lākou kahua mokulele mua ma Tirana Airport. Ua hāʻawi ka USSR i 12 Yak-9 mau mea kaua (me 11 noho hoʻokahi hakakā Yak-9P a me 1 ʻelua noho hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua Yak-9V) a me 4 mau mokulele kamaʻilio Po-2. Ua mālama ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa limahana ma Yugoslavia. I ka makahiki 1952, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo 4 Yak-18 trainers a me 4 Yak-11 trainers. I ka makahiki 1953, ua hoʻohui ʻia iā lākou he 6 Yak-18A mokulele hoʻomaʻamaʻa me kahi chassis kaʻa huila mua. I ka makahiki 1959, 12 mau mīkini hou o kēia ʻano i ʻae ʻia no ka lawelawe.

Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hakakā mua i Albania i Ianuali-ʻApelila 1955 mai ka USSR a loaʻa iā 26 MiG-15 bis mokulele mokulele a me 4 UTI MiG-15 mokulele hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua. ʻEwalu mau mokulele UTI MiG-15 i 1956 i loaʻa mai ka Central Soviet Socialist Republic (4 US-102) a me ka PRC (4 FT-2).

I ka makahiki 1962, ua loaʻa i ka Albanian Air Force ʻewalu mau mea kaua F-8 mai Kina, he kope laikini ia o nā mea kaua Soviet MiG-5F. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e kahi ʻenekini i lako me ka afterburner.

I ka makahiki 1957, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka mokulele mokulele Il-14M, ʻelua a ʻekolu mau helicopters māmā Mi-1 a me ʻehā mau helikopter transport medium Mi-4 mai ka USSR, ka mea i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ka mokulele mokulele. ʻO lākou hoʻi nā helikopa mua ma ka Albanian Air Force. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka Il-28 jet bomber, i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he tug no nā pahuhopu ea.

Ma 1971, ua kauoha ʻia ʻekolu mau mokulele mokulele Il-3 (me Il-14M a me Il-14P mai GDR a me Il-14T mai ʻAigupita). ʻO nā mīkini āpau o kēia ʻano i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kahua mokulele ʻo Rinas. Aia kekahi pahu pahu hopu a me kahi moku huki Il-14.

I ka makahiki 1959, ua loaʻa iā Albania he 12 MiG-19PM supersonic interceptors i lako me ka ʻike radar RP-2U a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ʻehā RS-2US air-to-air guided missiles. ʻO kēia nā mokulele hope loa i hāʻawi ʻia mai ka USSR, ʻoiai ma hope koke iho ua haʻalele ke alakaʻi Albanian Enver Hoxha i ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o nā ʻāina ʻelua no nā kumu manaʻo.

Ma hope o ka uhaki ʻana i nā pilina me ka USSR, ua hoʻoikaika ʻo Albania i ka hui pū ʻana me ka PRC, i loko o ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kaua a me nā mea kaua ma kēia ʻāina. I ka makahiki 1962, ua loaʻa nā mokulele hoʻomaʻamaʻa 20 Nanchang PT-6 mai ka ʻoihana Kina, ʻo ia nā kope Kina o ka mokulele Soviet Yak-18A. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, hāʻawi ʻo Kina i 12 Shenyang F-5 mau mea kaua, ʻo ia hoʻi. Ua hana ʻia nā mea kaua MiG-17F ma lalo o ka laikini Soviet. Me lākou, ua loaʻa hou 8 mau mokulele hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua FT-2.

I ka makahiki 1962, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Air Force Academy, kahi i hoʻolako ʻia me 20 PT-6 mau mokulele hoʻomaʻamaʻa kumu, 12 UTI MiG-15 mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua mokulele i hoʻihoʻi ʻia mai nā ʻāpana mua, a me 12 MiG-15bis mokulele mokulele i loaʻa ma ke ala like. . Ma ko lākou wahi ma ka laina mua, 12 mau mea kaua F-5 a me 8 FT-2 mau mokulele hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua, i lawe ʻia i ka manawa like mai ka PRC, ua hoʻokomo ʻia i ka lawelawe. Ua māhele ʻia lākou i ʻelua squadrons ea, i hoʻonoho ʻia ma ke kahua mokulele ʻo Valona (he pūʻulu o nā mokulele piston - PT-6 a me kahi pūʻali mokulele mokulele - MiG-15 bis a me UTI MiG-15).

ʻO kekahi hāʻawi ea Kina i lawe ʻia ma 13-5 no 2 Harbin Y-1963 multi-purpose light aircraft, kahi kope laikini o ka mokulele Soviet An-1964. Ua hoʻonoho ʻia nā mīkini hou ma ke kahua mokulele ʻo Tirana.

I ka makahiki 1965, ua lawe ʻia he ʻumikūmālua MiG-19PM interceptors i ka PRC. Ma ke kūʻai aku, ua hiki ke kūʻai aku i kahi helu nui o nā mea kaua Shenyang F-6, ʻo ia hoʻi he kope Kina o ka Soviet MiG-19S fighter, akā ʻaʻohe ʻike radar a alakaʻi i nā missiles air-to-air. I ka makahiki 1966-1971, ua kūʻai ʻia he 66 mau mea kaua F-6, me nā kope ʻehā i hoʻololi ʻia no ka ʻike kiʻi kiʻi, a ua lako ʻia nā pūʻali koa ʻeono o nā mokulele mokulele. A laila ua loaʻa kekahi mea hoʻouka kaua ma ke ʻano he uku no kahi laʻana i nalowale no nā kumu ʻenehana i ka makahiki 1972, ma muli o ka hewa o ka mea hana i nā pu kuniahi hemahema. Me lākou, ua kūʻai ʻia nā mokulele hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua 6 FT-5 (ua hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1972), ʻo ia ka hui pū ʻana o ka F-5 fighter me kahi cockpit ʻelua noho o ka mokulele hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua FT-2. Ma ka manawa like, ua kūʻai ʻia aku hoʻokahi pahu pahu Harbin H-5, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kope o ka pahu pahu Il-28, e pani i kahi mīkini o kēia ʻano, i loaʻa he ʻumikumamālima makahiki ma mua.

Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mokulele mokulele o Albanian Air Force i ka waena o 12s. ʻO nā mea hope loa i kūʻai ʻia ʻo 7 Chengdu F-1972A supersonic fighter (hāʻawi ʻia ma 21), i hana ʻia ma ke kumu o ka Soviet MiG-13F-2 fighter a me nā mea kaua ʻelua PL-3 air-to-air guided missiles. He kope lākou o ka Soviet infrared homing missile RS-9S, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma hope o ka missile AIM-XNUMXB Sidewinder ʻAmelika.

Ua hōʻea ka mokulele pūʻali koa Albania i ke kūlana o ʻeiwa mau pūʻulu o nā mokulele mokulele kaua, ʻekolu mau regiment lewa. ʻO ka regiment i hoʻonoho ʻia ma ke kahua ʻo Lezha he pūʻali F-7A a ʻelua mau pūʻali F-6, ʻo ka regiment i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kahua mokulele ʻo Kutsova he ʻelua mau pūʻali F-6 a me kahi pūʻali F-5, ʻo ka Rinas regiment he ʻelua mau pūʻali F-6. a me kahi pūʻali MiG -15 bis.

ʻO F-6 (MiG-19S) ka nui loa o nā mea kaua supersonic ma Albania, akā ma mua o ko lākou hoʻokō ʻia ʻana i ka makahiki 1959, ua lawe ʻia mai 12 mau mea kaua MiG-19PM mai USSR, a ma 1965 ua hoʻoili ʻia i ka PRC no ke kope ʻana.

I ka makahiki 1967, ma kahi o nā helikopter transport Mi-4 i hoʻolako ʻia mai ka USSR, ua kūʻai aku ʻo Albania i nā helikopter 30 Harbin Z-5 mai ka PRC, he kope Kina o ka Mi-4 (ua lawelawe lākou me ʻekolu Air Force squadrons) . aia ka regiment ma ke kahua o Fark). ʻO ka lele hope loa o kēia mau mīkini i mālama ʻia ma Nowemapa 26, 2003, a ma hope iho ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou i ka lā aʻe. ʻEkolu o lākou i mālama ʻia i ka lewa ma ke ʻano he mālama no kekahi manawa.

I ka waena o nā makahiki he kanahiku o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hōʻea ka Albanian Air Force i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa o nā squadrons i lako me nā mokulele mokulele (1 x F-7A, 6 x F-6, 1 x F-5 a me 1 x MiG-15 bis. ). ).

ʻO ka hopena o ka XNUMXs i alakaʻi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka pilina Albanian-Chinese, a mai ia manawa mai, ua hoʻomaka ka Albanian Air Force e hakakā me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pilikia, e hoʻāʻo nei e mālama i ka pono ʻenehana o kāna mokulele i ka pae kūpono. Ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ke kūlana hoʻokele waiwai ma ka ʻāina i ka makahiki XNUMX a me ka palena palena o nā mea kaua e pili pū ana me ia, ua ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kūlana.

I ka makahiki 1992, ua koho ʻia ke aupuni demokalaka hou, e hoʻopau ana i ke au komunista ma Albania. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia i hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana o ka Air Force, ka mea i ola i nā manawa paʻakikī, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā i hāʻule ai ka ʻōnaehana waihona kālā Albania i 1997. I ka wā o ka hoʻohaunaele ʻana, ua luku ʻia a pōʻino paha ka hapa nui o nā lako a me nā lako o ka Pūʻali Ea ʻAmelika. Ua pōʻeleʻele ka wā e hiki mai ana. I mea e ola ai ka mokulele pūʻali koa Albania, pono e hoʻemi nui ʻia a hoʻoponopono hou ʻia.

I ka makahiki 2002, ua hoʻokumu ka Albanian Air Force i ka papahana Forces Objective 2010 (nā kuhikuhi hoʻomohala a hiki i 2010), kahi e hoʻokō ʻia ai ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o nā ʻāpana subordinate. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā limahana mai 3500 mau luna a me nā koa i kahi 1600 mau kānaka. ʻO ka Air Force e hoʻopau i nā mokulele kaua a pau, i kēia manawa e mālama ʻia ma Gyader, Kutsov a me Rinas, me ka manaʻolana e loaʻa kahi mea kūʻai aku no lākou. Ua hoʻokō ka mokulele pūʻali koa Albania i kāna lele mokulele hope loa i Dekemaba 2005, e hoʻopau ana i ka makahiki 50 o nā mokulele kaua.

Ua kūʻai ʻia nā mokulele 153, me: 11 MiG-15bis, 13 UTI MiG-15, 11 F-5, 65 F-6, 10 F-7A, 1 H-5, 31 Z-5, 3 Y- 5 a me 8 PT-6. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka mālama ʻana i nā mokulele hoʻomaʻamaʻa 6 FT-5 a me 8 mau mokulele hoʻomaʻamaʻa piston PT-6 i ke kūlana mothballed. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻihoʻi i ka mokulele jet combat i ka wā i hoʻomaikaʻi ai ke kūlana kālā o ka ʻāina. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hana ʻia kēia ma hope o 2010. ka loaʻa ʻana o 26 Turkish F-5-2000 mau mea kaua, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻomaka ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea kaua F-16 e hiki mai ana. I ka hihia o nā F-7A, ʻike maoli ʻia ka manaʻo o ke kūʻai aku, no ka mea, he manawa lele liʻiliʻi kēia mau mīkini a hiki i 400 mau hola. ʻEhā wale nō nā kukui Y-5 a me nā PT-6 aʻo ʻehā i koe i ka lawelawe.

ʻOiai ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka papahana hoʻoponopono hou, ua hoʻohana ʻo Albania i kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā helikopter hou. Ma 1991, ua kūʻai ʻia kahi helikopter Bell 222UT mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i hoʻohana ʻia e lawe i nā mea koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua make ʻo ia ma kahi pōʻino ma Iulai 16, 2006, a make ʻeono mau kānaka, pau lākou ma luna o ka moku. Ma 1991 pū kekahi, hāʻawi ʻo Farani i ʻekolu helikopter Aerospatiale AS.350B Ecureuil i Albania. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia lākou e ka Ministry of Internal Affairs e mākaʻikaʻi i nā palena a lawe i nā pūʻali kūikawā. Ma 1995, ua kūʻai ke Kuhina Ola i ʻehā mau helikopter ambulance Aerospatiale SA.319B Alouette III mai Switzerland no kāna lawelawe kaʻa (1995 - 1 a me 1996 - 3). I ka makahiki 1999, ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi helikopter transport medium Mi-8 (loaʻa paha mai Ukraine?), I kēia manawa ua hoʻohana ʻia e ka Ministry of Internal Affairs no nā kumu like me ka AS.350B.

Ua ʻike ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o ka Pūʻali Air Albanian i mea koʻikoʻi i ka lawe ʻana i nā pūʻali koa Albanian i nā kūlana NATO. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hāʻawi aku ʻo Kelemania a me Italia i kekahi mau helikopa hou i Albania e kākoʻo i kahi papahana hoʻonui hou. Hoʻohanaʻia nā mīkini hou no nāʻano likeʻole, e like me ka laweʻana i nā waiwai a me nā kānaka, ka huli a me ka hoʻopakele, ka hoʻopakele pōʻino, ka lele honua, ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana i nā hui helikopter.

Uaʻaeʻo Italia e hoʻoili me ka ukuʻoleʻia heʻumikumamāhā mau helikopa i hoʻohana muaʻia e ka pūʻali koa Italia, me 7 Agusta-Bell AB.205A-1 medium transport helicopters a me 7 AB.206C-1 light multi-role helicopters. Ua hōʻea ka mua o ka hope i Albania i ʻApelila 2002. Ua hōʻea nā kope hope ʻekolu i Albania i Nowemapa 2003, kahi i hiki ai ke hoʻopau i nā helikopter Z-5 i luhi. I ʻApelila 2004, hui pū nā AB.205A-1 ʻekolu mua iā lākou. I ʻApelila 2007, ua hāʻawi pū ʻo Italia i kahi helikopter Agusta A.109C VIP (e pani i ka Bell 222UT i nalowale).

Ma ʻApelila 12, 2006, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa nā aupuni o Albania a me Kelemania i kahi kuʻikahi i kūʻai ʻia he 10 miliona euros no ka hoʻolako ʻana i 12 Bo-105M light multipurpose helicopters i hoʻohana mua ʻia e ka pūʻali koa Kelemania. A laila ua hoʻonui ʻia nā ʻumikūmālua a pau e ka mea kanu Eurocopter ma Donauwörth a lawe ʻia i ka mana maʻamau o ka Bo-105E4. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka Bo-105E4 i hoʻomaikaʻi mua ʻia i ka mokulele ʻo Albanian i Malaki 2007. Ma ka huina, ua loaʻa i ka Albanian Air Force nā helicopter ʻeono Bo-105E4, ʻehā mau mea i hoʻouna ʻia i ka Ministry of Internal Affairs a ʻo nā hope ʻelua i ka Ministry of Health. .

Ma ka lā 18 o Dekemaba, 2009, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia kahi ʻaelike € 78,6 miliona me Eurocopter no ka hoʻolako ʻana i ʻelima AS.532AL Cougar medium transport helicopters e hoʻonui i nā mana hana o ka regiment helicopter. ʻElua o lākou i manaʻo ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i nā pūʻali koa, hoʻokahi no ka hoʻopakele kaua ʻana, hoʻokahi no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hoʻokahi no ka lawe ʻana i nā VIP. ʻO ka mea hope i manaʻo ʻia e hāʻawi mua ʻia, akā hāʻule i ka 25 Iulai 2012, pepehi i nā limahana Eurocopter ʻeono ma luna o ka moku. Hāʻawi ʻia nā helikopter ʻehā i koe. ʻO ka mua o lākou, ma ke ʻano hoʻopakele kaua, ua hāʻawi ʻia i ka lā 3 o Dekemaba, 2012. ʻO ka hope, ʻelua kaʻa no ka lawe ʻana i nā pūʻali i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ma Nowemapa 7, 2014.

Ma mua o ke kūʻaiʻana i kahi helikopter AS.532AL Cougar e pani i ke kope i hāʻule no ka laweʻana i nā VIP, ua kauoha ka Albanian Ministry of Defense iʻelua mau helikopter māmā EU-145 mai Eurocopter (ma mua - ma Iulai 14, 2012 - ka mīkini mua o kēiaʻano. ua kūʻai ʻia ma ka mana no ka lawe ʻana i nā VIP). Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou no nā mikiona huli a hoʻopakele a hoʻōla a ua hoʻomaka ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 31, 2015.

ʻO kahi hanana nui i ka mōʻaukala o ka mokulele Albania ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā helikopter AS.532AL Cougar (ʻo ke kiʻi kekahi o kēia mau mīkini i ka wā o ka lele ʻana i ka mea hoʻohana). Kiʻi Eurocopter

Aia ka Albanian Air Force Helicopter Regiment ma Farka Base a i kēia manawa he 22 helicopters, me: 4 AS.532AL, 3 AB.205A-1, 6 Bo-105E4, 3 EC-145, 5 AB.206C-1 a me 1 A 109. No kekahi manawa, ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi pūʻali helikopter kaua o 12 helicopters he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā hoʻolālā o ka mokulele pūʻali koa Albania, akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia kēia hana ma ke ʻano he mea nui. ʻO ka mea nui, ua mālama ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā helikopa māmā MD.500 me nā pahi kaua anti-tank TOW.

I ka makahiki 2002, me ke kōkua Turkish, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻololi hou ʻana o ka mokulele Kutsova, ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hale kiaʻi hou, kahi ala hoʻoponopono a hoʻoikaika ʻia a me nā ala kaʻa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā mokulele kaʻa kaumaha e like me ka C-17A Globemaster III a me Il-76MD. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻoponopono houʻia nā mokulele māmāʻehā Y-5 ma nā keʻena hoʻoponopono mokulele ma ka'āina o ke kahua Kutsov, ua hāʻawiʻia ka mokulele Y-5 i hoʻoponopono muaʻia i ka makahiki 2006. Uaʻae lākou i ka mokulele Albanian e lawelawe i ka. nā hana maʻamau e pili ana i ka hana o nā mokulele, a ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hana kēia mau mīkini i nā hana maʻamau a me nā hana kamaʻilio. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua manaʻo ʻia e hōʻoia i ka mālama pono ʻana i nā kaʻa hou i kūʻai ʻia, akā i ka makahiki 2011 ua hoʻoholo ʻia e mālama i ka mokulele Y-5, e hoʻopanee i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kaʻa no kekahi manawa. I kēia manawa, ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻekolu mokulele mokulele G.222 Italia.

Ma waena o 2002 a me 2005, ua hoʻoili ʻo Italia i ʻumikūmāhā mau helikopa i ka Albanian Air Force, me ʻehiku mau māmā multi-role AB.206C-1 (kiʻi ʻia) a me ʻehiku medium transport AB.205A-2.

I kēia manawa, he aka wale nō ka mokulele mokulele Albania o ka mokulele kaua Albanian mua. ʻO ka Air Force, i hana ʻia me ke kōkua nui mai ka USSR a laila hoʻomohala hou ʻia me ka PRC, ua lilo ia i mea kaua koʻikoʻi. Eia naʻe, i kēia manawa ua hoʻemi nui ʻia lākou, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻauwaʻa holoʻokoʻa o nā mokulele kaua i hoʻopau ʻia no ka ʻōpala. ʻAʻole paha e kūʻai aku ka Albanian Air Force i nā mokulele kaua hou i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka waihona kālā i loaʻa e ʻae wale i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻāpana helicopter. Ma ʻApelila 1, 2009, lilo ʻo Albania i lālā o NATO, e hoʻokō ana i kāna pahuhopu hoʻolālā e hoʻonui i ka manaʻo o ka palekana.

Mai kona komo ʻana i NATO, ua hoʻokō ʻia nā mikiona kiaʻi lewa Albanian e ka Italian Air Force Eurofighter Typhoons e hoʻololi ana me nā mea kaua Hellenic Air Force F-16. Ua hoʻomaka nā mikiona makaʻala i ka lā 16 Iulai 2009.

Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana pale ea ma ka ʻāina ʻo Albania mai ka wā kahiko, i hoʻolako ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana missile medium-range HQ-2 (he kope o ka Soviet SA-75M Dina anti-aircraft system), HN-5 MANPADS (he kope o ka Soviet Strela-2M anti-aircraft missile system), i lawe ʻia no ka lawelawe ʻana i nā makahiki 37) a me nā pū anti-aircraft 2-mm. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo 75 mau pākahi Soviet SA-1959M Dvina, i loaʻa mai ka USSR i 12, me kahi pākaukau aʻo a me kahi pā kaua. Ua loaʻa hou nā pā 2 HQ-XNUMX mai ka PRC i ka XNUMXs. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou i kahi brigade missile anti-aircraft.

Hoʻolālā ʻia hoʻi e hoʻololi i nā radar hoʻomalu mokulele Soviet a me Kina me nā mea hana o Western hou. Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o ia mau radar, ʻo ia hoʻi, me Lockheed Martin.

Nā Kiʻi Sean Wilson/Prime

Hui: Jerzy Gruschinsky

Unuhi: Michal Fischer