Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻaila ʻenekini

ʻO nā kūlana a me nā hui ʻoihana e like me ka American Petroleum Institute (API), ka Association of European Automobile Designers (ACEA), ka Japan Automobile Standards Organization (JASO) a me ka Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) i hoʻonohonoho i nā kūlana kūikawā no nā lubricants. Hōʻike kēlā me kēia maʻamau i nā kikoʻī, nā waiwai kino (e laʻa i ka viscosity), nā hopena hoʻāʻo ʻenehana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā lubricants a me nā aila. Hoʻopili piha nā lubricants RIXX i nā koi API, SAE a me ACEA.

Hoʻokaʻawale API o nā ʻaila ʻenekini

ʻO ke kumu nui o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻaila ʻenekini API e hoʻokaʻawale i ka maikaʻi. Ma muli o nā ʻāpana, ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi leka i ka papa. Hōʻike ka leka mua i ke ʻano o ka mīkini (S - gasoline, C - diesel), ʻo ka lua - ka pae hana (ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka leka o ka alphabet).

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻaila ʻaila API no nā ʻenekini ʻaila

Papa kuhikuhi API	Pili
SG	1989-91 Enekinia
Ш	1992-95 Enekinia
SJ	1996-99 Enekinia
FIG	2000-2003 Enekinia
Oe	engines 2004 - 2011 makahiki
Helu	nā mīkini 2010-2018
CH+	nā ʻenekini hoʻokele pololei o kēia wā
SP	nā ʻenekini hoʻokele pololei o kēia wā

Papa "Ka helu ʻana o nā ʻaila ʻenekini e like me ka API no nā mīkini ʻaila

API SL maʻamau

He kūpono nā ʻaila SL no ka lean-burn, turbocharged a me multi-valve internal combustion engines me nā koi hoʻonui no ka launa ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.

API SM maʻamau

Ua ʻae ʻia ka maʻamau i ka makahiki 2004. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me SL, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka anti-oxidation, anti-wear a me nā waiwai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

API maʻamau SN

Apono ʻia i ka makahiki 2010. ʻO nā aila o ka māhele SN ua hoʻomaikaʻi i ka antioxidant, detergent a me nā waiwai pale wela, hāʻawi i ka pale kiʻekiʻe i ka corrosion a me ka lole. Kūpono no nā ʻenekini turbocharged. Hiki i nā aila SN ke kūpono i ka ikehu a hoʻokō i ke kūlana GF-5.

API SN+ maʻamau

Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka maʻamau provisional ma 2018. Hoʻolālā ʻia no nā ʻenekini turbocharged i hoʻolako ʻia me ka hoʻokele wahie pololei. Kāohi nā aila SN+ i ka in-cylinder pre-ignition (LSPI) maʻamau i nā ʻenekini hou (GDI, TSI, etc.)

LSPI (Low Speed He mea maʻamau kēia no nā ʻenekini GDI hou, TSI, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā wikiwiki waena, e ʻā koke ka hui ʻana o ka ea i ka waena o ka hahau kaomi. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hopena me ke komo ʻana o nā ʻāpana ʻaila liʻiliʻi i loko o ke keʻena puhi.

API SP maʻamau

5W-30SPGF-6A

Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Mei 1, 2020 ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā aila API SP ma mua o ka API SN a me ka ʻaila ʻenekini API SN+ ma kēia mau ʻano:

• Ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻāla ʻole ʻia o ka hui ʻana o ka ea-wahie (LSPI, Low Speed ​​​​​​Pre Ignition);
• Ka pale ʻana i nā waiho wela kiʻekiʻe ma ka turbocharger;
• Ka pale ʻana i nā waiho wela kiʻekiʻe ma ka piston;
• Ka pale ʻana i ke kaulahao manawa;
• Hoʻokumu ʻia ka sludge a me ka varnish;

Hiki i nā aila ʻenekini papa API SP ke mālama waiwai (preserve, RC), a laila e hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka papa ILSAC GF-6.

Hoao	API SP-RC maʻamau	API CH-RC
VIE kaʻina (ASTM D8114). Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻokele waiwai i ka %, ka aila hou / ma hope o 125 hola
xW-20a	3,8% / 1,8%	2,6% / 2,2%
xW-30a	3,1% / 1,5%	1,9% / 0,9%
10W-30 a me nā mea ʻē aʻe	2,8% / 1,3%	1,5% / 0,6%
Kaʻina VIF (ASTM D8226)
xW-16a	4,1% / 1,9%	2,8% / 1,3%
Sequence IIIHB (ASTM D8111), % phosphorus mai ka aila kumu	81% liʻiliʻi	79% liʻiliʻi

Papa "ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kūlana API SP-RC a me SN-RC"

Hoʻohālikelike ʻaila ʻaila API no nā ʻenekini diesel

Papa kuhikuhi API	Pili
CF-4-AE	Nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko ʻehā-stroke mai ka makahiki 1990
CF-2-AE	ʻElua mau ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko mai ka makahiki 1994
KG-4	Nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko ʻehā-stroke mai ka makahiki 1995
Ch-4	Nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko ʻehā-stroke mai ka makahiki 1998
KI-4	Nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko ʻehā-stroke mai ka makahiki 2002
KI-4 hoʻohui	nā mīkini 2010-2018
CJ-4	hoʻokomo ʻia i ka makahiki 2006
SK-4	i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka makahiki 2016
FA-4	uaki pōʻaiapuni diesel engines e ku 2017 emissions koi.

Papa "Ka helu ʻana o nā ʻaila ʻenekini e like me ka API no nā ʻenekini diesel

API CF-4 maʻamau

Hāʻawi ka ʻaila API CF-4 i ka pale mai nā waiho kalapona ma nā pistons a hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka carbon monoxide. Hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko ʻehā-stroke e hana ana ma nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe.

API CF-2 maʻamau

Hoʻolālā ʻia nā ʻaila API CF-2 no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenekini diesel ʻelua-stroke. Kāohi i ka cylinder a me ke apo komo.

API maʻamau CG-4

Hoʻopau maikaʻi i nā waihona, ʻaʻahu, ʻāhu, ʻūhā a me ka piston oxidation kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hemahema nui, ʻo ia ka hilinaʻi o ka ʻaila hinu i ka maikaʻi o ka wahie.

API CH-4 maʻamau

Hoʻokō ka ʻaila API CH-4 i nā koi e ulu ana no ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka lole valve a me nā waiho kalapona.

API CI-4 maʻamau

Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka maʻamau ma 2002. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka ʻaila CI-4 i nā waiwai detergent a me nā mea hoʻopuehu, ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wela, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ʻōpala a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pumpability anu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā aila CH-4.

API CI-4 Plus Kūlana

ʻO ke kūlana maʻamau no nā ʻenekini diesel me nā koi ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī.

CJ-4 maʻamau

Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka maʻamau ma 2006. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā ʻaila CJ-4 no nā ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko i hoʻolako ʻia me nā kānana particulate a me nā ʻōnaehana mālama kinoea hoʻopau. ʻAe ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie me ka sulfur a hiki i 500 ppm.

CK-4 maʻamau

Hoʻokumu piha ʻia ka maʻamau hou ma ka CJ-4 mua me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ʻelua mau hoʻokolohua ʻenekini hou, aeration a me ka oxidation, a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻoi aku ka ikaika. ʻAe ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie me ka sulfur a hiki i 500 ppm.

1. ʻO ka pale hoʻopololei cylinder liner
2. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kānana ʻāpana ʻāpana Diesel
3. Pale ʻaʻai
4. E pale i ka mānoanoa oxidative
5. Ka pale ʻana i nā waihona wela kiʻekiʻe
6. Ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau
7. Nā mea kūʻē i ka lole

FA-4 API

Hoʻolālā ʻia ka ʻāpana FA-4 no nā aila ʻenekini diesel me SAE xW-30 a me HTHS viscosities mai 2,9 a 3,2 cP. Hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia ia mau ʻaila no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mīkini ʻehā-cylinder kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi me nā catalytic converters, nā kānana particulate. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka sulfur ma mua o 15 ppm. ʻAʻole kūpono ka maʻamau me nā kikoʻī mua.

Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā aila ʻenekini e like me ACEA

ʻO ACEA ka European Automobile Manufacturers Association, kahi e hui pū ai i ka 15 mau mea hana nui o ʻEulopa i nā kaʻa, nā kaʻa, nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1991 ma lalo o ka inoa Farani ʻo l'Association des Constructeurs Européens d'Automobiles. I ka wā mua, ʻo kāna mau mea hoʻokumu: BMW, DAF, Daimler-Benz, FIAT, Ford, General Motors Europe, MAN, Porsche, Renault, Rolls Royce, Rover, Saab-Scania, Volkswagen, Volvo Car a me AB Volvo. I kēia mau lā, ua wehe ka hui i kona mau puka i nā mea hana ʻole ʻEulopa, no laila ʻo Honda, Toyota a me Hyundai kekahi mau lālā o ka hui.

ʻO nā koi o ka European Association of European Automobile Manufacturers no ka lubricating aila ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka American Petroleum Institute. Ua ʻae ʻia ka papa ʻaila ACEA i ka makahiki 1991. No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻae kūhelu, pono e hana ka mea hana i nā hoʻokolohua kūpono e like me nā koi o EELQMS, kahi hui ʻEulopa e kuleana no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā aila kaʻa me nā kūlana ACEA a me kahi lālā o ATIEL.

Papa	Hoʻonohonoho
Nā ʻaila no nā ʻenekini ʻaila	Ax
ʻO nā aila no nā mīkini diesel a hiki i ka 2,5 l	B x
ʻO nā ʻaila no nā ʻenekini a me nā ʻenekini diesel i lako me nā mea hoʻololi kinoea hoʻopau	C x
ʻO nā aila ʻenekini Diesel ma luna o 2,5 lita (no nā kaʻa kaʻa kalaka kaumaha kaumaha)	Mamua

Papa helu 1 "Ka helu ʻana o nā aila ʻenekini e like me ACEA"

Aia i loko o kēlā me kēia papa he mau ʻāpana, i hōʻike ʻia e nā helu Arabic (e laʻa, A5, B4, C3, E7, etc.):

1 - nā aila mālama ikehu;

2 - nā aila i hoʻopau nui ʻia;

3 - nā aila kiʻekiʻe me kahi manawa pani lōʻihi;

4 - ka ʻāpana hope o nā aila me nā waiwai hana kiʻekiʻe loa.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka helu, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi no nā aila (koe wale no A1 a me B1).

KELA 2021

Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka helu ʻana o nā aila ʻaila ACEA i ʻApelila 2021. Hoʻopili nā kikoʻī hou i ka loiloi ʻana i ka manaʻo o nā lubricants e waiho i nā waihona i nā mīkini turbocharged a kūʻē i ka LSPI pre-ignition.

ACEA A/B: nā aila kaʻa lehu piha no nā ʻenekini a me nā ʻenekini diesel

ACEA A1 / B1

ʻO nā ʻaila me ka viscosity haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa i nā wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā uku ʻoki kiʻekiʻe e mālama i ka wahie a ʻaʻole e nalowale i kā lākou mau mea lubricating. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma nā wahi i ʻōlelo ʻia e nā mea hana mīkini. ʻO nā aila kaʻa āpau, koe wale nō ka ʻāpana A1 / B1, kū i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa - luku ʻia i ka wā e hana ai i loko o ka mīkini o nā molekele polymer o ka mānoanoa i ʻāpana o lākou.

ACEA A3 / B3

Nā aila hana kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana mua ʻia lākou i nā ʻenekini hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻenekini diesel injection indirect i nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā kaʻa māmā e hana ana ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi me nā manawa hoʻololi ʻaila lōʻihi.

ACEA A3 / B4

ʻO nā aila hana kiʻekiʻe kūpono no nā wā hoʻololi ʻaila lōʻihi. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā ʻenekini kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā mīkini diesel o nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa māmā me ka hoʻokele wahie pololei, inā ʻōlelo ʻia nā ʻaila o kēia ʻano no lākou. Ma ke koho ʻana, pili lākou i nā aila ʻenekini o ka māhele A3 / B3.

ACEA A5 / B5

ʻO nā aila me nā waiwai hana kiʻekiʻe loa, me kahi wā hoʻokahe lōʻihi lōʻihi, me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka pono wahie. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā ʻenekini kiʻekiʻe a me nā mīkini diesel o nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa māmā, i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻaila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, mālama i ka ikehu i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana me nā wā hoʻokahe ʻaila ʻenekini lōʻihi**. ʻAʻole kūpono paha kēia mau ʻaila no kekahi mau ʻenekini. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i ka lubrication engine hilinaʻi, no laila, e hoʻoholo i ka hiki ke hoʻohana i kekahi a i ʻole kekahi ʻano ʻaila, pono ke alakaʻi ʻia e ka manual aʻo a i ʻole nā ​​puke kuhikuhi.

ACEA A7 / B7

ʻO nā aila kaʻa paʻa e paʻa mau i kā lākou mau waiwai hana i ko lākou ola lawelawe holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenekini o nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa māmā i hoʻolako ʻia me ka hoʻokele wahie pololei a me ka turbocharging me nā manawa lawelawe lōʻihi. E like me nā aila A5/B5, hāʻawi pū lākou i ka pale mai ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa premature ignition (LSPI), ʻaʻahu a waiho i loko o ka turbocharger. ʻAʻole kūpono kēia mau ʻaila no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau mīkini.

ACEA C: nā aila ʻenekini no nā ʻenekini a me nā ʻenekini diesel i lako me nā kānana particulate (GPF/DPF)

KELA C1

ʻO nā aila lehu haʻahaʻa kūpono me nā mea hoʻololi kinoea hoʻopau (me nā ala ʻekolu) a me nā kānana particulate diesel. No lākou i nā aila ho'ōla ikehu haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi haʻahaʻa o ka phosphorus, sulfur a me kahi haʻahaʻa o ka lehu sulphated. Hoʻonui i ke ola o nā kānana particulate diesel a me nā mea hoʻololi catalytic, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono wahie kaʻa**. Me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka maʻamau ACEA 2020, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia.

KELA C2

ʻO nā ʻaila lehu liʻiliʻi (Mid Saps) no nā ʻenekini i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia a me nā ʻenekini diesel o nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa māmā, i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aila hoʻopakele ikehu haʻahaʻa. Hoʻohālikelike me nā mea hoʻololi kinoea hoʻopau (me nā mea ʻekolu-hui) a me nā kānana particulate, hoʻonui i ko lākou ola lawelawe, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono wahie o nā kaʻa**.

KELA C3

ʻO nā ʻaila lehu maʻamau kūpaʻa kūpono me nā mea hoʻololi kinoea hoʻopau (me nā ʻāpana ʻekolu) a me nā kānana particulate; hoʻonui i kona ola pono.

KELA C4

ʻO nā aila me ka lehu haʻahaʻa (Low Saps) no nā ʻenekini a me nā ʻenekini diesel i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana me nā aila me HTHS>3,5 mPa*s

KELA C5

ʻO nā ʻaila lehu haʻahaʻa paʻa (Low Saps) no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai. Hoʻolālā ʻia no nā ʻenekini hou a me nā mīkini diesel i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻaila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ka HTHS ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2,6 mPa*s.

KELA C6

Ua like ka aila me C5. Hāʻawi i ka pale hou aku i nā waihona LSPI a me turbocharger (TCCD).

Papa ACEA	HTHS (KP)	Lehu Sulphate (%)	Maʻiʻo Phosphorus (%)	Maʻiʻo Sulfur	Helu nui
A1 / B1
A3 / B3	> 3,5	0,9-1,5
A3 / B4	≥3,5	1,0-1,6	≥10
A5 / B5	2,9-3,5	⩽1,6	≥8
A7 / B7	≥2,9 ≤3,5	⩽1,6	≥6
С1	≥ 2,9	⩽0,5	⩽0,05	⩽0,2
С2	≥ 2,9	⩽0,8	0,07-0,09	⩽0,3
С3	≥ 3,5	⩽0,8	0,07-0,09	⩽0,3	≥6,0
С4	≥ 3,5	⩽0,5	⩽0,09	⩽0,2	≥6,0
С5	≥ 2,6	⩽0,8	0,07-0,09	⩽0,3	≥6,0
С6	≥2,6 a ≤2,9	≤0,8	≥0,07 a ≤0,09	≤0,3	≥4,0

Papa "Ka helu ʻana o nā aila kaʻa e like me ACEA no nā ʻenekini o nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā kaʻa kalepa māmā"

ACEA E: nā aila ʻenekini diesel kaʻa kaumaha kaumaha

KELA E2

ʻO nā ʻaila i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻenekini diesel turbocharged a me non-turbocharged e hana ana ma ke ʻano me ke kūlana koʻikoʻi me nā manawa hoʻololi ʻaila maʻamau.

KELA E4

ʻO nā aila no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenekini diesel kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokō i nā kūlana kaiapuni Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 a e hana ana ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi me ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka aila. Manaʻo pū ʻia no nā ʻenekini diesel turbocharged i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻemi nitrogen oxide*** a me nā kaʻa me ka ʻole o nā kānana particulate diesel. Hāʻawi lākou i ka lole haʻahaʻa o nā ʻāpana mīkini, pale i nā waiho kalapona a loaʻa nā waiwai paʻa.

KELA E6

Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻaila o kēia ʻāpana i nā ʻenekini diesel kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokō i nā kūlana kaiapuni Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 a hana i nā kūlana paʻakikī me nā wā lōʻihi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka aila. Manaʻo pū ʻia no nā ʻenekini diesel turbocharged me kahi kānana particulate diesel a i ʻole ke holo ʻana ma luna o ka wahie diesel me ka sulfur maʻiʻo o 0,005% a i ʻole ***. Hāʻawi lākou i ka lole haʻahaʻa o nā ʻāpana mīkini, pale i nā waiho kalapona a loaʻa nā waiwai paʻa.

KELA E7

Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā ʻenekini diesel kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokō me ka Euro-1, Euro-2, Euro-3, Euro-4 mau kūlana kaiapuni a hana i nā kūlana paʻakikī me nā wā hoʻololi ʻaila mīkini lōʻihi. Manaʻo pū ʻia no nā ʻenekini diesel turbocharged me ka ʻole o nā kānana particulate, me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe kinoea hoʻopau, hoʻolako ʻia me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻemi hoʻoheheʻe nitrogen oxide ***. Hāʻawi lākou i ka lole haʻahaʻa o nā ʻāpana mīkini, pale i nā waiho kalapona a loaʻa nā waiwai paʻa. E hoʻemi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā waihona kalapona i loko o ka turbocharger.

KELA E9

ʻO nā aila lehu haʻahaʻa no nā ʻenekini diesel o ka mana kiʻekiʻe, e hālāwai ana i nā kūlana kaiapuni a hiki i ka Euro-6 inclusive a kūpono me nā kānana particulate diesel (DPF). Hoʻohana ʻia ma nā wā hoʻokahe maʻamau.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻaila ʻenekini SAE

ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā aila kaʻa e ka viscosity, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka American Society of Automotive Engineers, ʻae ʻia i ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina o ka honua.

He 11 mau papa ma ka papa:

6 hooilo: 0 W, 5 W, 10 W, 15 W, 20 W, 25 W;

8 makahiki: 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60.

He ʻano pālua ka ʻaila o ka wā āpau a kākau ʻia me ka hyphen, e hōʻike ana i ka papa hoʻoilo mua, a laila ke kauwela (e laʻa, 10W-40, 5W-30, etc.).

SAE viscosity papa	Mana hoʻomaka (CCS), mPas-s	Pum hana (MRV), mPa-s	Kinematic viscosity ma 100°C, aole emi malalo	Kinematic viscosity ma 100 ° C, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe	Viscosity HTHS, mPa-s
0 W	6200 ma -35°C	60000 ma -40°C	3,8	-	-
5 W	6600 ma -30°C	60000 ma -35°C	3,8	-	-
10 W	7000 ma -25°C	60000 ma -30°C	4.1	-	-
15 W	7000 ma -20°C	60000 ma -25°C	5.6	-	-
20 W	9500 ma -15°C	60000 ma -20°C	5.6	-	-
25 W	13000 ma -10°C	60000 ma -15°C	9.3	-	-
8	-	-	4.0	6.1	1,7
12	-	-	5,0	7.1	2.0
ʻumikumamāono	-	-	6.1	8.2	23
iwakālua	-	-	6,9	9.3	2,6
kanakolu	-	-	9.3	12,5	2,9
40	-	-	12,5	16,3	2,9 *
40	-	-	12,5	16,3	3,7 **
kanalima	-	-	16,3	21,9	3,7
60	-	-	21,9	26.1	3,7

Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā aila kaʻa e like me ILSAC

Ua hoʻokumu pū ka Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) a me ka American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA) i ka International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC). ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ILSAC ʻo ia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā koi no nā mea hana o nā aila kaʻa no nā mīkini ʻaila.

ʻO nā ʻaila e kū ana i nā koi ILSAC he mau hiʻohiʻona kēia:

• hōʻemi ʻia ka ʻaila viscosity;
• ho'ēmi i ka manaʻo i ka huʻa (ASTM D892 / D6082, kaʻina I-IV);
• hoemi i ka phosphorus maʻiʻo (e hoʻonui i ke ola o ka catalytic converter);
• ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kānana ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (GM test);
• hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa shear (hana ka ʻaila i kāna mau hana ma ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe);
• ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokele waiwai (ASTM test, Sequence VIA);
• haʻahaʻa volatility (e like me NOACK a i ʻole ASTM);

waeʻano	hōʻikeʻano
GF-1	Hoʻokomo ʻia i ka makahiki 1996. Hoʻokō i nā koi API SH.
GF-2	Hoʻokomo ʻia i ka makahiki 1997. Hoʻokō i nā koi API SJ.
GF-3	Hoʻokomo ʻia i ka makahiki 2001. API SL kūpono.
GF-4	Hoʻokomo ʻia i ka makahiki 2004. Kūlike me ka API SM maʻamau me nā waiwai mālama ikehu koi. SAE viscosity māka 0W-20, 5W-20, 5W-30 a me 10W-30. E kūpono me nā catalysts. Loaʻa i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kū'ē i ka oxidation, nā waiwai i hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia.
GF-5	Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo ʻOkakopa 1, 2010 e like me API SN. Hoʻonui ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu e 0,5%, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai anti-wear, hoʻemi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka sludge i loko o ka turbine, hoʻemi i nā waiho kalapona i ka mīkini. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā ʻenekini puhi ahi e holo ana ma nā biofuels.
GF-6A	Hoʻopuka ʻia ma Mei 1, 2020. Aia ia i ka ʻāpana mālama waiwai API SP, hāʻawi i ka mea kūʻai aku me kāna mau pono āpau, akā pili i nā aila multigrade i nā papa viscosity SAE: 0W-20, 0W-30, 5W-20, 5W-30 a me 10W-30. Hoʻolike i hope
GF-6B	Hoʻopuka ʻia ma Mei 1, 2020. E pili ana i nā aila ʻenekini SAE 0W-16 wale nō a ʻaʻole kūpono i hope me nā kāʻei API a me ILSAC.

Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā aila kaʻa e like me ILSAC

ILSAC GF-6 maʻamau

Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka maʻamau ma Mei 1, 2020. Ma muli o nā koi API SP a loaʻa nā mea hoʻonui hou:

• hoʻokele waiwai wahie;
• kākoʻo wahie hoʻokele waiwai;
• ka mālama ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kaʻa;
• Palekana LSPI.

1. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Piston (Seq III)
2. E hoʻomalu i ka ʻokiʻoki (Seq III)
3. Ka pāpale pale hoʻokuʻu aku (Seq IV)
4. Palekana waiho kālā (Seq V)
5. Hoʻokele wahie (Se VI)
6. Pale ʻaʻahu ʻino (Seq VIII)
7. ʻO ka māmā māmā haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hoʻā ʻana (Seq IX)
8. Hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu o nā kaulahao manawa (Seq X)

Papa ILSAC GF-6A

Aia ia i ka ʻāpana mālama waiwai API SP, hāʻawi i ka mea kūʻai aku me kāna mau pono āpau, akā pili i nā aila multigrade i nā papa viscosity SAE: 0W-20, 0W-30, 5W-20, 5W-30 a me 10W-30. Hoʻolike i hope

Papa ILSAC GF-6B

Pili i ka aila kaʻa kaʻa viscosity grade SAE 0W-16 wale nō a ʻaʻole kūpono i hope me nā waeʻano API a me ILSAC. No kēia māhele, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hōʻailona hōʻoia kūikawā - "Shield".

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo JASO no nā mīkini diesel hana kaumaha

JASO DH-1	Papa o ka aila no ka diesel engines o nā kaʻa, e hoʻolako i ka pale ʻaʻahu pale, pale corrosion, kū'ē i ka oxidation a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka soot aila ʻōlelo ʻia no nā ʻenekini ʻaʻole i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi kānana particulate diesel (DPF) ʻae ʻia ka hana ma luna o kekahi engine e holo ana ma ka wahie me ka sulfur maʻiʻo o ka oi ma mua o 0,05%.
JASO DH-2	ʻO ka papa o nā aila no nā ʻenekini diesel o nā kaʻa i hoʻolako ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻamaʻa hope e like me nā kānana particulate diesel (DPF) a me nā catalysts. No ka papa ka aila ʻO JASO DH-1 no ka pale ʻana i ka ʻenekini mai ka ʻaʻahu ʻana, ka waiho ʻana, ka ʻino a me ka soot.

Papa "Hoʻohālikelike JASO no nā ʻenekini Diesel Kaumaha"

Nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī o ka ʻaila ʻenekini no nā ʻenekini Caterpillar

EKF-3	Nā ʻaila ʻenekini lehu haʻahaʻa no nā ʻenekini Caterpillar hou loa. Hoʻohālikelike me nā kānana particulate diesel (DPF). Ma muli o nā koi API CJ-4 a me nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe e Caterpillar. Hoʻokō i nā koi no nā ʻenekini Tier 4.
EKF-2	ʻO ka helu ʻaila ʻenekini no nā lako ʻo Caterpillar, me nā ʻenekini i lako me nā ʻōnaehana ACERT a me HEUI. Ma muli o nā koi API CI-4 me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻenekini ʻEnuhe.
ECF-1а	ʻO ka helu ʻaila ʻenekini no nā lako ʻo Caterpillar, me nā ʻenekini i lako me ACERT a me HEUI. Ma muli o nā koi API CH-4 a me nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe e Caterpillar.

Papa "Nā kikoʻī aila ʻenekini no nā ʻenekini Volvo"

Nā kikoʻī aila ʻenekini no nā ʻenekini Volvo

VDS-4	Nā ʻaila ʻenekini lehu haʻahaʻa no nā ʻenekini Volvo hou loa, me ka Tier III. Hoʻohālikelike me nā kānana particulate diesel (DPF). Kūlike me ka pae hana API CJ-4.
VDS-3	ʻAila ʻenekini no nā ʻenekini Volvo. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka kikoʻī i nā koi ACEA E7, akā he mau koi hou aʻe no ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka waihona kiʻekiʻe a me ka pale ʻana i nā cylinders mai ka polishing. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻōlelo kikoʻī e pili ana i ka hele ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua hou o nā mīkini Volvo.
VDS-2	ʻAila ʻenekini no nā ʻenekini Volvo. Ua hōʻoia ka ʻōlelo kikoʻī ua holo pono nā mīkini Volvo i nā hoʻokolohua kahua ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi.
LOKO	ʻAila ʻenekini no nā ʻenekini Volvo. Loaʻa i nā kikoʻī API CD/CE a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā ʻenekini Volvo.

Papa "Nā kikoʻī aila ʻenekini no nā ʻenekini Volvo"

1. ʻO ka pale hoʻopololei cylinder liner
2. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kānana ʻāpana ʻāpana Diesel
3. Pale ʻaʻai
4. E pale i ka mānoanoa oxidative
5. Ka pale ʻana i nā waihona wela kiʻekiʻe
6. Ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau
7. Nā mea kūʻē i ka lole

ʻO nā kikoʻī ʻaila ʻenekini no nā ʻenekini Cummins

KES 20081	ʻO ke kūlana aila no nā ʻenekini diesel hana kaumaha i hoʻolako ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻihoʻi kinoea EGR. Hoʻohālikelike me nā kānana particulate diesel (DPF). Ma muli o nā koi API CJ-4 a me nā hoʻokolohua Cummins hou.
KES 20078	ʻO ke kūlana aila no nā ʻenekini diesel mana kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi ʻōnaehana recirculation kinoea EGR. Ma muli o nā koi API CI-4 a me nā hoʻokolohua Cummins hou.
KES 20077	ʻAʻole i hoʻolako ʻia me ka EGR ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi ma waho o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Ma muli o nā koi ACEA E7 a me nā hoʻokolohua Cummins hou.
KES 20076	ʻAʻole i hoʻolako ʻia ka ʻaila ʻaila no nā ʻenekini diesel mana kiʻekiʻe me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻihoʻi kinoea EGR. Ma muli o nā koi API CH-4 me nā hoʻāʻo Cummins hou.

Papa "Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā aila ʻenekini no nā ʻenekini Cummins"