pani pani
ʻO ka catalytic converter he mea ia o ka ʻōnaehana exhaust e pau ana ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o ka hana ʻana a me kahi mile mile ma mua o 100 mau kilomita. km hiki ke pani.
Ua kūʻai ʻoe i ka petrol VW Passat 10 makahiki 2.0 a ʻo ia kāna mea laki a hiki i ka ʻōlelo a ka diagnostician hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i ka catalyst a ʻo ke kumu kūʻai iā ʻoe ma kahi o 4000 PLN. Mai haki, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono i kāu kaʻa no ʻewalu mau manawa maʻalahi.
ʻO ka catalytic converter he mea ia o ka ʻōnaehana exhaust e pau ana ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o ka hana ʻana a me kahi mile mile ma mua o 100 mau kilomita. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka km, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā kinoea hoʻopau i nā koi o nā kūlana ʻEulopa.
No ke aha kēia mea hoʻoikaika?
E emi ana ka catalyst inā pau loa ka ʻenekini. A laila e puka mai ka wai a me ka carbon dioxide mai loko mai o ka paipu hoʻopau. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole e pau ka puhi ʻana. 
no laila, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻāpana kinoea hoʻopau pōʻino e like me carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons a me nā ʻokikene nitrogen. He mea ʻino loa kēia mau mea i ke kaiapuni a me nā kānaka, a ʻo ka hana a ka catalyst ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā mea ʻino i nā mea ʻino ʻole. Hiki i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā ʻenekini ʻaila he oxidation, hoʻemi, a i ʻole redox.
Hoʻololi ka oxidation catalyst i ka carbon monoxide a me ka hydrocarbons i loko o ka mahu a me ka wai a ʻaʻole e hōʻemi i nā ʻokikene nitrogen. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā nitrogen oxides e kahi catalyst hōʻemi. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia nā catalysts multifunctional (redox), i ʻike ʻia he triple action catalysts, e hoʻoneʻe like i nā mea ʻino ʻekolu o nā kinoea hoʻopau. Hiki i ka catalyst ke wehe aʻe ma mua o 90 pakeneka. mea ino.
Poino
Nui nā ʻano o ka pōʻino catalyst. ʻIke maopopo ʻia kekahi o lākou, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e ʻike ʻia ma nā polokalamu kūikawā.
He mea maʻalahi loa ka ʻike a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka pōʻino mechanical, no ka mea. ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe he mea maʻalahi loa (hoʻokomo ceramic). Hoʻomaka pinepine ia e hemo nā mea o loko. A laila i ka wā e hoʻokele ai a i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kinoea, aia ka leo metala mai ka ʻāpana ʻenekini a me ke alo o ka papahele. Hiki ke hana ʻia ia pōʻino ma muli o ke kuʻi ʻana i kahi keakea a i ʻole ke holo ʻana i loko o kahi puddle hohonu me kahi ʻōnaehana wela wela. ʻO kekahi ʻano pōʻino i hana pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻana me ke kinoea, ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke kumu catalyst. Hiki iā ʻoe ke koho e pili ana i ka haʻihaʻi ʻana ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mana o ka ʻenekini, a hiki nō paha ma muli o ka paʻa piha ʻana o ka pauku, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaka ke ʻenekini.
ʻO ka pōʻino liʻiliʻi loa no ka mea hoʻokele, akā ʻo ka mea pōʻino loa no ke kaiapuni, ʻo ia ka lole maʻamau o ka catalytic converter. A laila ʻaʻole manaʻo ka mea hoʻokele i nā loli i ka hana o ka mīkini, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona acoustic, a e aʻo wale mākou e pili ana i ka haki ʻana i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻenehana a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana i ke alanui i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, i ka manawa e hoʻohui ʻia ai nā kinoea hoʻopau. e nānā ʻia. Ma ka hihia mua, ʻaʻole e loaʻa iā mākou ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka nānā ʻenehana, a i ka hihia ʻelua, e lawe ka mākaʻi i kā mākou palapala hoʻopaʻa inoa mai iā mākou a hoʻouna mai iā mākou no kahi hoʻokolokolo ʻelua, pono e pani ʻia me kahi mea hou i mea e hiki ai hala.
He aha e kūʻai ai?
Ke koho ʻana i kahi catalyst hou, loaʻa iā mākou nā koho he nui e koho ai. ʻO ka maʻalahi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a me ke kumukūʻai ʻoi loa ke kipa ʻana i kahi kikowaena lawelawe ʻae ʻia. Akā, ma laila, hiki ke kūʻai aku i kahi kaʻa no ka kaʻa he 10 mau makahiki i ka hapalua o ke kumukūʻai o ke kaʻa. ʻAʻole ʻo ka mea kūʻai aku e hoʻopiʻi ʻia no kēia, akā ʻo ka mea hana, nāna e kau i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kekahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i kahi mea i kapa ʻia he hoʻopunipuni. ʻO ka pinepine ka mea hana o ka catalyst, a ʻo nā kumukūʻai e piʻi i ka 70 pakeneka. malalo. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, aia wale nō nā fakes no nā hiʻohiʻona kaulana loa. No laila he aha ka mea e hana ai nā mea nona nā kaʻa ʻAmelika, Iapana a i ʻole nā kaʻa maʻamau? ʻIke ʻia hiki iā lākou ke hilinaʻi i nā catalysts cheap, no ka mea, loaʻa iā lākou nā catalysts universal i kā lākou makemake, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ia mea he democratic. A ʻo ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa ma muli o ka versatility nui, ʻoiai ua hana ʻia lākou ʻaʻole no kahi hiʻohiʻona kaʻa kūikawā, akā no ka nui o ka mīkini kikoʻī. No nā mīkini liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka 1,6 lita, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i ka catalyst no PLN 370. No nā mea nui, mai 1,6 a 1,9 lita, no PLN 440 a i ʻole PLN 550 - mai 2,0 a 3,0 lita. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono e hoʻonui i ka hana i kēia nui, e komo pū me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka mea kahiko a me ka wili ʻana i ka mea hou i loko. wahi o ka mea hoohuoi. Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia kēlā hana mai PLN 100 a 300, ma muli o ka wahi o ka catalyst a me ka paʻakikī o ka hana. Akā e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana i ka catalyst kumu.
Hoʻokani?
Hoʻopau ka nui o nā ʻenekini i ka catalytic converter e kiʻi i kekahi mau lio hou o ka mana. He kānāwai ʻole ka hana. ʻOi aku ka pōʻino o ka mīkini me ka catalytic converter ma mua o ka ʻāpana like, i hoʻolālā ʻia e hana me ka ʻole o kēia hāmeʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka wehe ʻana i ka mea hoʻololi catalytic a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi paipu a i ʻole muffler ma kona wahi hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia. i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hana no ka mea e hoʻopilikia ʻia ke kahe o nā kinoea hoʻopau.
ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālikelike kaʻa | Kumukuai Catalyst ma ASO (PLN) | Kumukuai pani (PLN) | Kumukuai hoʻoheheʻe honua (PLN) |
ʻO Fiat Bravo 1.4 | 2743 | 1030 | 370 |
ʻO Fiat Seicento 1.1 | 1620 | 630 | 370 |
Honda Civic 1.4 '99 | 2500 | he hemahema | 370 |
ʻO Opel Astra i 1.4 | 1900 | 1000 | 370 |
ʻO Volkswagen Passat 2.0 '96 | 3700 | 1500 | 550 |
ʻO Volkswagen Golf III 1.4 | 2200 | 600 | 370 |
Volkswagen Polo 1.0 '00 | 2100 | 1400 | 370 |
