ʻO ke kāleka hea e koho ai no ka holo kaʻa mauna?

ʻO kēia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ma mua ... He kaʻa kaʻa mauna ʻano monotonous, makemake koke i ka huakaʻi, hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ke ala, a ma laila ... nalowale i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo 🌳. ʻAʻohe alanui hou. ʻAʻohe pūnaewele hou. Hele pinepine kēia mau mea ʻelua, inā ʻaʻole ia he leʻaleʻa. A laila hele mai ka mea kaulana: "ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole wau i lawe i ke kāleka."

Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻike ʻoe i kā mākou ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo āpau no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana, ke koho ʻana a me ka hoʻopilikino ʻana i kāu mau kāleka e kūpono i kāu hana a me nā kūlana āu e holo ai.

ʻenehana a me nā ʻano kāleka

ʻenehana:

• Hāʻawi ʻia ke kāleka ma kahi mea lawe kikohoʻe virtual "ONLINE",
• Hāʻawi ʻia ke kāleka ma kahi mea lawe kikohoʻe kino "OFFLINE",
• Māhele ʻia ka palapala ʻāina ma ka pepa 🗺 a i ʻole ma kahi palapala kikohoʻe (pdf, bmp, jpg, etc.).

Nā ʻano kāleka kikohoʻe:

• Nā palapala ʻāina raster,
• Nā palapala 'āina o ke 'ano "vector".

Ke kahe mau nei ka palapala 'āina "pūnaewele" a koi i kahi pilina pūnaewele e hōʻike. Hoʻoiho ʻia ka palapala ʻāina "offline" a hoʻokomo mua ʻia i ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka hāmeʻa.

ʻO ka palapala ʻāina raster he kiʻi, kaha kiʻi (Topo) a kiʻi paha (Ortho). Ua wehewehe ʻia e ka paona pepa a me ka hoʻonā (ma nā kiko i kēlā me kēia ʻīniha a i ʻole dpi) no ka media kikohoʻe. ʻO ka laʻana maʻamau ma Farani ʻo ia ka palapala ʻāina ʻo IGN Top 25 ma 1/25 ma ka pepa a i ʻole 000 m no ka pika ma ke kikohoʻe.

Aia ma lalo iho kahi kiʻi o ka palapala ʻāina raster e like me IGN 1/25, ʻekolu mau kumu like ʻole ma ka pālākiō hoʻokahi, aia ma Ardenne Bouillon massif (Belgium), Sedan (France), Bouillon (Belgium).

Loaʻa ka palapala ʻāina vector mai kahi waihona o nā mea kikohoʻe. ʻO ka faila kahi papa inoa o nā mea i wehewehe ʻia e kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā hoʻonohonoho a me kahi papa inoa ʻaneʻane pau ʻole o nā hiʻohiʻona (ʻano). ʻO kahi noi (smartphone) a i ʻole lako polokalamu (pūnaewele, PC, Mac, GPS) e kahakiʻi i ka palapala ʻāina ma ka ʻaoʻao, e unuhi mai kēia faila i nā mea i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka wahi i hōʻike ʻia o ka palapala ʻāina, a laila huki i nā kiko, nā laina a me nā polygons ma ka pale.

No ka holo kaʻa mauna, ʻo ka Opentreetmap (OSM) i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka ʻikepili palapala palapala.

Nā laʻana maʻamau o ka palapala ʻāina vector. Ua like nā ʻikepili mua a ua lawe ʻia nā mea a pau mai OSM. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i ka polokalamu e hoʻolilo i ka palapala ʻāina. Aia ma ka hema he palapala 'āina kaʻa kaʻa mauna i hana ʻia e ka mea kākau, aia ma ke kikowaena ke ʻano 4UMAP (Standardized MTB) i hōʻike ʻia e OpenTraveller, ma ka ʻākau he palapala ʻāina kaʻa kaʻa mauna mai CalculIt Route.fr

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka palapala palapala raster e pili ana i ka mea hoʻoponopono 👩‍🎨 (ke mea pena i pena i ke kiʻi, inā makemake ʻoe), a ʻo ke ʻano o ka palapala vector e pili ana i ka polokalamu e huki i ke kiʻi, ma muli o ka hoʻohana hope.

No ka wahi like, hiki ke ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o kahi palapala vector i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka holo kaʻa mauna. A ma muli o ka lako polokalamu e hōʻike ana iā lākou, loaʻa nā kiʻi like ʻole i ka paikika mauna a me nā palapala ʻāina paikikala. Hāʻawi kēia pūnaewele iā ʻoe e kiʻi i kahi manaʻo o nā ʻano like ʻole.

E mau ana ke ano o ka palapala raster.

ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ʻo ka hōʻike kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i hilinaʻi a pololei no kahi palapala IGN (raster), akā ʻaʻole pololei ma ka palapala vector. Ke hoʻomaikaʻi nei ka ʻikepili altimeter honua. No laila, e nalo mālie ana kēia nāwaliwali.

Hiki i ka polokalamu helu ala (routing) o kāu GPS *, noi a i ʻole polokalamu ke hoʻohana i ka paikikala o nā alanui, nā alahele, nā ala i komo i ka waihona OSM e helu i kahi ala.

ʻO ka maikaʻi a me ka pili o ke ala i manaʻo ʻia e pili ana i ka loaʻa, piha a me ka pololei o ka ʻikepili kaʻa i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka waihona OSM.

(*) Hoʻohana ʻo Garmin i kahi ala i kapa ʻia ʻo nā ala wela (heatmap) e hoʻolālā i kahi ala me kāna GPS, ʻo ia ke ala i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. E ʻike i kāu Garmin Heatmap a i ʻole Strava hatamart.

Pehea e koho ai i ka palapala 'āina GPS?

Ma ka pūnaewele a i ʻole ma waho?

ʻO ka maʻamau he raster pūnaewele manuahi a i ʻole ka palapala vector ma kahi PC, Mac, a i ʻole kelepona. Akā inā e hele ana ʻoe i ka nahelehele, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā mauna, e hōʻoia e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi pūnaewele ʻikepili paʻa i loko o ke kahua pāʻani.

Ke kanu ʻia ʻoe ma ke ʻano ma kahi mamao loa mai nā mea āpau, ʻo kahi kapuaʻi wāwae ma kahi keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka pixelated kahi manawa nui o ka pilikino.

ʻEhia ke kumukūʻai o ke kāleka GPS?

ʻO ke kauoha o ka nui mai 0 a 400 €; Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole like ke kumukūʻai me ka maikaʻi. I kekahi mau ʻāina, ʻoiai he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o ke kāleka, ʻilihune paha ka maikaʻi. Ma muli o kou wahi e noho ai a ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kāleka, pono ʻoe e kūʻai i nā kāleka he nui a i ʻole nā ​​kāleka mai nā ʻāina he nui (e laʻana no ka huakaʻi Mont Blanc e hele ana ma Farani, Switzerland a me Italia).

He aha ke ʻano o ka waiho ʻana e pono e hāʻawi ʻia no ka palapala ʻāina GPS?

Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka palapala ʻāina ma ke ʻano he tile a tile paha (e laʻana, 10 x 10 km), a i ʻole hiki ke uhi i ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa. Inā makemake ʻoe i nā kāleka he nui, e hōʻoia i ka lawa o kāu hoʻomanaʻo. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka palapala ʻāina, a i ʻole ka nui o nā palapala ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa e pono ai ka polokalamu GPS e hoʻokele i kēlā mau palapala ʻāina. No laila, hiki iā ia ke hoʻolohi i nā hana ʻē aʻe e like me ka paʻi ʻana.

Pono anei au e hoʻonui i kaʻu palapala ʻāina GPS i nā manawa a pau?

ʻAʻohe hapa o ka palapala ʻāina i ka wā e loaʻa ai, ma muli o ke keakea ʻana o ke kanaka, nā mea telluric, a i ʻole nā ​​mea kanu e hoʻonele ai i kona kuleana. Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i ka ulu ʻana o ka poʻe hoʻokahi i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana, a nalo aʻe!

ʻEhia mau manawa e hoʻonui ai au i ka palapala ʻāina?

Hiki i kēia ke lilo i mea hoʻopaʻa i ka hana ke nui ka waihona kālā hou. ʻOiai ʻaʻole he haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa paha ka nui o ka nalowale ʻana a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o kou ala, ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻololi mau i ke kāleka; E hoʻohui maʻalahi kou manaʻo i nā āpau ma waena o ka palapala ʻāina a me ka ʻāina. Inā hōʻoia ka manaʻo o ka nalowale a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o kou ala, pono e loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kāleka hou loa. Nalo i mea e ʻike ai iā ʻoe iho, pono ʻoe e hoʻopili i ka palapala ʻāina a me nā wahi a puni, inā ʻaʻole hiki i kahi hele leʻaleʻa ke neʻe koke i ka galley.

He aha ke ʻano o ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻāina a i ʻole nā ​​hiʻohiʻona?

Ma muli o ka ʻāina, ʻoiai i loko o ka European Union, ʻilihune a ʻilihune paha ka uhi a me ka maikaʻi o kekahi mau palapala ʻāina. ʻAʻole hele ka palapala palapala raster o 1 / 25 (a i ʻole like) o kēlā me kēia ʻāina ma waho o nā palena o kēlā ʻāina. Hoʻonoho ʻia kēia palapala ʻāina ma ka ʻaoʻao opaque ma muli o ka uhi ʻana, aia mau kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo nui a liʻiliʻi paha ma ka pale ma kekahi ʻaoʻao a i ʻole kekahi o ka palena. E ʻike i ke kiʻi ma ka ʻākau lalo.

No ka laʻana, no ka huakaʻi alakaʻi o Mont Blanc, pono e uhi ka palapala ʻāina i ʻekolu mau ʻāina. Ma muli o ka hele wāwae o ke ala, ka paikikala mauna a i ʻole ke kaʻa, ma muli o ke kokoke o ke ala i nā palena, ka nui a me ka loaʻa o nā palapala ʻāina, e pili ana i ka ʻāina, e hōʻike ʻia nā wahi palapala raster (ʻano IGN) i ke keʻokeʻo. nui a emi mai paha.

Uhi ʻo OpenStreetMap i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, me ka ʻikepili palapala palapala mana no kēlā me kēia ʻāina. ʻAʻole pilikia hou nā palena! 🙏

Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili kiʻi kiʻi kūhelu āpau (infrastructure, hale, etc.) i ka waihona OSM. A i ʻole, hāʻawi ʻia nā mea manawaleʻa e hoʻopiha a hoʻohui i kēia waihona cartographic, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā mākou iho i lalo i ka pae kikoʻī o nā kikoʻī, ʻoi aku ka heterogeneous o ka uhi.

He laʻana koʻikoʻi o ka uhi kiʻi kiʻi e hele ana i ka palena (e waiho ana ke ala aʻe i kahi kiʻi o kahi laina ʻulaʻula e holo ana ma waena o nā ʻāina ʻelua). Aia ma ka ʻākau nā palapala ʻāina raster o Kelemānia a me Pelekiuma, ʻano IGN. Hoʻopili ka mana o ka palapala ʻāina IGN Kelemania i ka Belgian IGN ma waho no kekahi mau kilomita, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka trace ma nā kiʻi palena, aneane ʻike ʻole ʻia, ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kūlana o nā palapala ʻāina i ka papa inoa, ʻike ʻia ka hopena ʻē aʻe. Ma ka hema ka palapala vector (mai OSM) paʻa, ʻaʻohe wahi āpau.

ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kāleka hilinaʻi

• E manaʻolana i kahi hui kino
• Manaʻo i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ala
• Aloha oe,
• E hoʻokele a ʻike iā ʻoe iho ma hope o ka hewa hoʻokele,
• E ala hou ma ia wahi inā loaʻa kahi hanana i manaʻo ʻole ʻia e like me ka hana mechanical a i ʻole ke kanaka, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka hanana hanana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. 😓

Nā pae koho kāleka

• 👓 hiki ke heluhelu i ke kāleka,
• Ka pololei (ka hou) o ka ʻikepili cartographic,
• ʻO ka hilinaʻi i ke kōkua ⛰.

ʻO ka mea piʻi, hiker, steeper a orienteer e makemake i kahi palapala ʻano raster e like me IGN topo (ISOM, etc.). Ke neʻe mālie nei ʻo ia, hiki iā ia ke haʻalele i ke ala a pono e hoʻokumu i kahi pilina ma waena o nā mea āna e ʻike ai ma ka palapala ʻāina a me ka honua. ʻO kahi palapala palapala raster, kahi kiʻi hōʻailona o ia wahi, kūpono no kēia kumu.

ʻO ka mea holo kaʻa 🚲 ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki i kāna hoʻomaʻamaʻa a pono e noho ma nā alanui asphalt a i ʻole "ma ka hihia ʻino loa" ala ʻiliʻili, makemake nui ʻo ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palapala vector me ke alahele a me ka palapala alanui. hoʻokele alanui kaʻa, a i ʻole no ke kaʻa kaʻa, etc.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa MTB mai ke alanui e like me ka mea holo kaʻa a hiki i kahi mea hoʻokele. No laila, kūpono nā ʻano kāleka ʻelua.

Ma ke kaʻa kaʻa mauna, ʻo ke kumu o ka holo nui ʻana ma nā ala a me nā kāne hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wikiwiki o ka huakaʻi. ʻO ka palapala 'āina e hōʻike ana i ka pono o nā ala a me nā alahele e kūpono loa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka palapala ʻāina vector i hoʻololi ʻia no ka holo kaʻa mauna a i ʻole kahi papa raster ʻano UMAP ʻano 4 ("rasterized" OSM data).

⚠️ ʻO kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka palapala ʻāina paikika mauna maikaʻi ka hoʻohālikelike o nā ala a me nā ala... Pono ka palapala 'āina e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā alanui, nā alahele a me nā alahele ma ke kiʻi kiʻi a, inā hiki, e hōʻike i nā pae hoʻohālike no ke kūpono no ke kaʻa paikikala. Inā hoʻolālā ʻia ka hanana ma nā ʻāina he nui a i ʻole ma nā ʻāina me ka ʻole o ka IGN like, He mea nui ke koho ʻana i ka palapala ʻāina vector.

He laʻana o ka palapala ʻāina vector i paʻi ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana iā MTB

Nā pae ʻāina hiki ke heluhelu ʻia

pae kikoʻī

ʻAʻole hiki ke kau i nā mea a pau ma kahi kāleka, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke heluhelu ʻia. I ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, hoʻoholo ka pālākiō o ka palapala ʻāina i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kikoʻī.

• No ka palapala 'āina raster i loa'a mau ma kahi kiko'ī (no ka la'ana: 1 / 25), pa'a ka pae kiko'ī. No ka ʻike ʻana i nā kikoʻī hou aʻe a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi, pono ʻoe i kahi palapala raster multi-layer, kēlā me kēia papa ma kahi pālākiō ʻokoʻa (ka pae ʻokoʻa o nā kikoʻī). Koho ka lako polokalamu hōʻike i ka papa i hōʻike ʻia e like me ke kiʻekiʻe zoom (kaulike) i noi ʻia e ka pale.
• No ka palapala palapala vector, aia nā mea kikohoʻe a pau i loko o ka faila, ʻo ka polokalamu e huki i ka palapala ʻāina ma ka pale e koho i nā mea i loko o ka faila e like me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka palapala ʻāina a me kāna unahi i mea e hōʻike ai iā lākou ma ka pale.

I ka hihia o kahi palapala palapala raster, e ʻike ka mea hoʻohana i nā mea āpau ma ka palapala ʻāina. I ka hihia o kahi palapala vector, koho ka papahana i nā mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pale.

Ma lalo no ka ʻāpana ʻāina like, ma ka hema he palapala ʻāina raster IGN 1/25000, ma ke kikowaena (OSM vector 4UMAP) a ma ka ʻākau he palapala vector me ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Garmin" hoʻonohonoho no ka holo kaʻa mauna.

Kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi

• ʻAʻole hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hōʻailona kāleka; Hoʻohana kēlā me kēia mea hoʻoponopono i kahi kiʻi ʻokoʻa 📜.
• Ua wehewehe ʻia ka palapala ʻāina raster ma nā pika i kēlā me kēia ʻīniha (e laʻa, kiʻi, kiʻi kiʻi). Hoʻemi a hoʻonui paha ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pika i kēlā me kēia ʻīniha o ka palapala ʻāina e hoʻohālikelike i ka unahi i noi ʻia e ka pale. E nānā ka palapala 'āina i ka "slobbering" ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumu waiwai i noi ʻia ma ka pale ma mua o ka palapala ʻāina.

IGN raster palapala 'āina huina nui 7 x 7 km, lawa e uhi i ka loop o 50 km, pale hōʻike pālākiō 1/8000 (maʻamau mauna kaʻakeke unahiʻole) ma ka hema, ka palapala 'āina i hana ma ka unahiʻole o 0,4, 1 m / pixel. (4000/100), ka nui o ka lolouila 1,5 MB, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, hana ʻia ka palapala ʻāina ma kahi pālākiō o 1 m / pixel (15000/9), ʻo ka nui o ka kamepiula ʻo XNUMX MB.

• Akaka mau ka palapala 'āina Vector ma ka pale, me ka nānā 'ole i ka unahi.

Palapala palapala Vector mai OSM, e uhi ana i ka ʻāpana pale like ma luna, ka nui palapala 18 x 7 km, ka nui kamepiula 1 MB. Pākuʻi hōʻike pale 1/8000 Kūʻokoʻa ka hiʻohiʻona kiʻi i ka mea unahi (scaling).

Hoʻohālikelike ka kiʻi ma lalo nei ma ke ʻano o ka hāʻawi ʻana (no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa kaʻa mauna ma ka pālākiō hoʻokahi) ka palapala ʻāina ʻo Gamin TopoV6 ma ka hema, ma ke kikowaena o IGN France 1 / 25 (e hoʻomaka ana e blur ma kēia unahi) a me OSM '000. U-kāleka "(OpenTraveller)

Palapala ʻokoʻa a me nā kala

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā noi, nā pūnaewele a i ʻole nā ​​lako polokalamu he mau menus no ke koho ʻana a me ke koho ʻana i kahi palapala ʻāina, e like me OpenTraveller a i ʻole UtagawaVTT.

• No ka palapala 'āina raster, ua like ke kumumana'o me ka hō'ike 'ana i ke ki'i. Pono ka hoʻolālā palapala ʻāina mua (e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi) e loaʻa i ka ʻokoʻa maikaʻi, a ʻo ka maikaʻi o ka pale ma ke ʻano o ka ʻōlinolino a i ʻole ka ʻokoʻa he mea nui e kiʻi i kahi palapala ʻāina hiki ke heluhelu ʻia i nā kūlana o ka lā.
• No ka palapala 'āina vector, ma waho aʻe o ka maikaʻi o ka pale i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, ʻo nā koina i hoʻohana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia e ka polokalamu a i ʻole ka noi e hana i ka palapala ʻāina "sexy" a i ʻole. No laila, ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana, he mea nui e loiloi i ka ʻike ʻana o ka palapala ʻāina i kaha ʻia e ka noi a i ʻole ka polokalamu i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka pale o ka mea i koho ʻia.

I ka hihia o GPS, hiki i ka mea hoʻohana ke hoʻololi i ka ʻokoʻa o nā mea palapala palapala vector:

• ʻO ka palapala ʻāina ʻo Garmin Topo ma ka hoʻololi ʻana, hoʻoponopono a hoʻololi paha i ka faila * .typ.
• ʻO GPS TwoNav he faila *.clay aia ma ka papa kuhikuhi like me ka palapala ʻāina. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka papahana Land.

Pono Pono a me ka Pono

Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa:

• ʻO ka palapala ʻāina, i ka wā e paʻi ʻia ai, loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ka honua, ma muli o ka hoʻololi kūlohelohe (tellurism), nā kau (mea kanu), ke komo ʻana o ke kanaka 🏗 (kūkulu, hele, etc.).
• ʻO ke kāleka i kūʻai ʻia a puʻunaue ʻia e kahi hui aia mau ma hope o ke kahua. Aia kēia mau ʻokoʻa i ka lā i maloʻo ai ka waihona, ka lā ma mua o ka lā hoʻolaha, ka pinepine o nā mea hou, a ma mua o nā mea a pau, hiki i ka mea hoʻohana hope i kēia mau mea hou.
• ʻO nā palapala 'āina vector "free" i loaʻa no ka hoʻoiho ʻana e ʻoi aku ka hou a kūpono i ka ʻāina ma mua o kā lākou mau hoa kalepa a me nā palapala raster.

ʻO OpenStreetMap kahi waihona waihona 🤝 no laila ke hoʻomau nei nā mea hou. E huki pololei nā mea hoʻohana polokalamu palapala ʻāina mai ka mana OSM hou loa.

Nā pae hoʻohālikelike

Hāʻawi ʻo OpenStreetMap i kahi mea hāʻawi e hoʻomaopopo e pili ana i nā ala cyclic a me nā alahele a kuhikuhi i nā ʻano MTB no kahi faila. ʻAʻole hoʻopiha ʻia kēia mau ʻikepili i ka systematically, hana ʻia kēia ma ke kuhikuhi a nā mea kākau 😊.

No ka ʻike inā aia kēia ʻikepili i loko o ka waihona, manaʻo mākou e hoʻohana i OpenTraveller a me 4 UMap basemap. Ma ka laʻana ma lalo nei, ʻulaʻula nā ʻōpio, ʻeleʻele nā ​​ala, a ua kau ʻia ka hōʻailona kaʻa kaʻa MTB ma ke ʻano he lepili i hoʻopili ʻia i ke ala a i ʻole nā ​​kāne.

ʻO ka laʻana o ka moʻolelo (kaʻao) i hoʻohana ʻia e Freizeitkarte (palapala vector manuahi no Garmin GPS)

Hōʻike ke kiʻi ma lalo nei i ka hemahema o ka like ʻole o ka hōʻike kaʻa kaʻa MTB. Ma waho aʻe o ka hilinaʻi o ka palapala ʻāina no ka holo kaʻa mauna, pono kēia ʻikepili i nā mea ala e helu a hōʻike i nā ala kūpono no ka holo kaʻa mauna.

Aia nā alanui nui a pau, ʻo ia ka hōʻoia o ka maikaʻi no nā kaʻa kaʻa. ʻO nā ala kaʻa kaʻa nui (nā ala Eurovelo, nā ala kaʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) i kaha ʻia i ka ʻulaʻula a me ka poni. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kāleka e ka poʻe e hele pinepine ana ma ke kaʻa (e laʻa, hoʻopaʻa paʻa kaʻa, kaʻahele).

Hōʻailona ʻia nā ala a me nā ala kūpono no ka holo kaʻa mauna i ka poni. Ua like ka nui o ke ala ma waena o nā kiko poni, ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa MTB ma ka waihona no ka mea ʻaʻole ia o ka poʻe komo kūloko.

Kāleka pilikino

ʻO ka pilikino e pili ana i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻano o ke kāleka MTB. No ka laʻana, no ka XC mauna kaʻa, ʻo ke kumu o kēia hana pilikino e hoʻopuka i nā kiʻi o nā alanui, nā alahele, nā alahele, nā mea hoʻokahi (kiʻi kiʻi, kala, etc.). No ka hana maʻamau ʻo Enduro MTB, hiki i ka palapala ʻāina ke hoʻoikaika i nā kiʻi a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ala ma nā kiko (chevrons, dashes, etc.) ʻO ke kikoʻī, ākea loa ka laulā o nā mea hiki.

Loaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai polokalamu kelepona GPS a i ʻole nā ​​​​polokalamu ponoʻī. ʻAʻohe mana o ka mea hoʻohana 👨‍🏭.

• Ma Garmin, ua wehewehe ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona kiʻi o ka palapala ʻāina i kahi faila ma ke ʻano .typ, hiki ke pani a hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia faila me ka hoʻoponopono kikokikona. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā ia ma ka pūnaewele no ka hoʻoiho ʻana, a i ʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kāu hana maʻamau. [Ke ala hana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kāu .typ mai kēia loulou] (http://paraveyron.fr/gps/typ.php).
• Loaʻa iā TwoNav ke kumu like, aia ka faila hoʻonohonoho ma * .clay format. Pono ka inoa like me ka palapala 'āina a aia ma ka papa kuhikuhi macarte_layers.mvpf (palapala OSM) macarte_layers.clay (hiʻohiʻona). Hana pololei ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ma ka pale me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu Land ma o kahi pahu kamaʻilio.

Hōʻike kēia kiʻi i ke kumu o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka LAND a me ka kaupalena ʻana i nā hoʻonohonoho āpau.

• Ma ka hema, he "dialog box" e hoʻomohala i nā papa o nā mea, ma ke kikowaena he palapala 'āina, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau he pahu kamaʻilio i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā mea o ke ʻano "ala" i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i kahi mea, kala, ʻano, etc. he nui nā mea hiki a ma waho o ke kiko o kēia ʻatikala.
• ʻO ka palena nui ka pae haʻawina "mau". Ma kēia laʻana, hahai ka track i kahi enduro a i ʻole DH (lalo). ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i ka ʻikepili palapala.

• ʻO ka palena ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole ia he cartographic, akā he hemahema i ka pale GPS a i ʻole kelepona hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia e ka tweaking me ka hoʻoponopono ʻole.

koi

No GPS

mea lawelawe	Nā lilo	Maps	Raster / Vector
bryton	like me	ʻO GPS kiʻekiʻe wale nō Kaʻikala ʻo Bryton Custom Openstreetmap Hoʻokomo mua ʻia a loaʻa no ka hoʻololi	V
ʻO Garmin	Uku uku ana	Iole Vx Hoʻonui ʻia ka Vector me ka ʻikepili IGN a i ʻole like (ma waho o Farani) Nānā kiʻi hiki ke hoʻoponopono Hiki i ka paikikala a i ʻole ka paikika mauna.	V
Uku uku ana	Maka manu Topo like 1/25 IGN ou IGN like ʻole (kiʻi lewa)	R
like me	Kāleka manuahi OpenStreetMap Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻike kiʻi e ka palapala ʻāina ma muli o ka hana	V
like me	Kāleka Alexis	V
like me	OpenTopoMap	V
like me	OpenMTBmap	V
like me	Mobac	R
Hammerhead Karoo	like me	OpenStreetMap paʻa paʻa paʻa paʻa, hoʻokomo mua ʻia, me nā hoʻololi ʻāina.	V
ʻO Lezyne	palapala ʻāina kelepona (app)
TwoNav	Uku uku ana	ʻO ke Kiʻi Topographic Hoʻoholo Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (kūʻai ma ka ʻāina, ʻoihana, ʻāpana a i ʻole 10 x 10 km papa) IGN Ortho TomTom (no ka paikikala wale nō ..) ʻO OpenStreetMap hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia.	R R V V
like me	ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano palapala ʻāina me ka mea hana honua, scan pepa, JPEG, KML, TIFF, etc. IGN Topo wehewehe kiʻekiʻe (через Mobac) ʻO ka wehewehe kiʻekiʻe ʻo IGN Ortho (Via Mobac) ʻO OpenStreetMap hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia.	R R R V
Kāhea	like me	Hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho Wahoo Openstreetmap.	V

E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo i ka hāʻawi hou ʻana o KAROO no ke kaʻa kaʻa GPS e hoʻohana ana i ka Android OS i hiki ke kūpono me nā mana like me ka atamai, pono ʻoe e hoʻokomo i ka polokalamu kūpono i loko o laila e loaʻa ai kahi kelepona me GPS.

No ka'ōpili

Hāʻawi maʻamau nā polokalamu kelepona 📱 i nā palapala ʻāina pūnaewele mai OSM me nā hoʻonohonoho maʻamau, kaʻa paikikala, ka paikika mauna, etc.

Pono ka mea hoʻohana e ʻike:

• ka hana, me ka wehe ʻole ʻana i ka uhi ʻikepili kelepona a me nā koina roaming ma waho o Farani,
• ka hiki ke hoʻohui i nā palapala 'āina me ka hoʻohui ʻole
• e uhi ka palapala 'āina i kāu mau huakaʻi hele a pau inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hoʻolālā huakaʻi nui.

E akahele no ka mea e hoʻohana wale ʻia kekahi mau polokalamu i loko o ka ʻāina, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o ka honua.

ʻO ke kāleka hea e koho ai no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa waho?

palapala ʻāina raster	Palapala palapala vector
XC MTB	Mele	️⭐️
DH MTB	Mele	️⭐️
Enduro MTB	Mele	️⭐️
MTB Walk / Trek	LIKE LIKE LIKE
Paikikala mauna / ʻohana	LIKE LIKE LIKE
hele wāwae	LIKE LIKE LIKE
Kaikikala Haʻuki	Mele	️⭐️
Ka mamao holo kaʻa ma waena o nā kaʻa	️⭐️	Mele
ʻiliʻili	Mele	️⭐️
Hoʻopili	LIKE LIKE LIKE
ka hana ʻōiwi	LIKE LIKE LIKE
Hiki ke piʻi	LIKE LIKE LIKE

nā loulou pono

• Osm Map Wiki no Garmin
• Ke hoʻololi nei i ke ʻano o nā palapala ʻāina ʻo Garmin Topo Vx
• Nā palapala 'āina manuahi no Garmin GPS
• E hoʻouka iā Freizcarte ma ka mea hoʻokele GPS Garmin
• Pehea e hana ai i nā palapala ʻāina ʻo Garmin manuahi
• Pehea e hana ai i kahi papa kuhikuhi OpenStreetMap
• ʻO TwoNav pehea e hana ai i ka palapala ʻāina vector me nā laina kuhi pololei