He aha ka aila i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻopiha ai i ka ʻenekini
Nā mea
Pale ka ʻaila ʻenekini i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻenekini kaʻa i ka wā o ka hana a pale i ka ʻaukā a me ka waimaka. No laila, pono e hoʻokokoke i ke koho ʻana o ka aila - ma muli o ka laulā, ʻaʻole paʻakikī e hana kuhihewa me ke koho a hōʻeha i ka ʻenekini kaʻa.
He aha ka mea e nānā ai i ke koho ʻana i kahi aila
ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e koho ai i ka aila ʻenekini e hahai i nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana i ka manual o kāu kaʻa. Akā ʻaʻole hiki mau kēia hiki. Eia hou, ʻaʻohe manaʻo o ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka lepili kikoʻī wale ʻia i loko ona - hiki ʻole ke ʻemi ʻia nā māka o nā hui ʻē aʻe no ka ʻenekini. No laila, pono e ʻike ka ʻona nona nā ʻano ʻaila ʻaila a me nā mea e nānā ai i ke koho ʻana.
Nui nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike o ka aila ʻenekini:
- e ka haku mele - synthetic, semi-synthetic, mineral, a loaʻa pū ʻia ma ke ʻano he hydrocracking;
- e ke ʻano ʻenekini - no nā ʻenekinia kakolina a me ʻenekika;
- e like me ke kau - kauwela, hoʻoilo a me nā kau āpau;
- viscosity - ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā aila viscous.
ʻO kekahi nuance nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ke ʻae ʻia mai ka automaker no kahi mana o kahi aila. ʻO ke ahonui he ʻano kūlana kiʻekiʻe ia, ʻoiai ke kumu o ka nānā ʻana i ka papa aila e ka mea hana kaʻa a paipai ʻia no ka hoʻohana. Hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻomanawanui i loaʻa i kahi lepa kikoʻī ma ka lepili.
Pehea e koho ai i kahi kohu
ʻO ka viscosity o ka aila ke kuhikuhi mua ke koho ʻana iā ia. Hōʻike kēia huaʻōlelo i ka mālama ʻana i nā waiwai lubricating o ka aila i nā ʻano mahana. Inā viscous ka ʻaila, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea hoʻomaka ke hoʻokuʻi i ka ʻenekini ke hoʻomaka, a ʻaʻole hiki i ka pauma ke pauma iā ia ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o ka pumpability.
Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka aila, a laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻolako pono i ka pale ʻana o nā ʻenekini mai ke komo ʻana i nā kūlana hana i nā mahana he ʻekolu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono kahi aila viscous overly - ʻaʻohe lawa o ka conductivity thermal, i hiki ai i ka friction nui o nā ʻenekini a hiki i ka hopu ʻana o ka ʻenekini. Eia kekahi, hoʻonui ka aila viscous i ka wahie i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie.
No laila, ke koho ʻana i kahi aila e ka viscosity, pono e alakaʻi ʻia i nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻolālā ʻia kekahi mau motika no nā aila viscosity haʻahaʻa, e like me nā ʻenekini o nā kaʻa ʻĀkia, a no nā mana mana o nā kaʻa kūloko, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e koho i nā aila viscosity kiʻekiʻe.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka viscosity o ka aila e ka papa kuhikuhi SAE, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka lepili huahana. ʻO SAE 20 kahi aila viscosity haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka viscous o SAE 40, a pēlā aku. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka helu i ka papa kuhikuhi, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity.
Pehea e koho ai i ke ʻano o ka aila
Ke koho ʻana i kahi aila e like me kāna ʻano, pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā aila synthetic piha. ʻO nā aila Minerala a me nā hydrocracking lilo koke i kā lākou waiwai lubricating, no laila ʻo ko lākou kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa wale nō. ʻO kaʻaila semi-synthetic kahi koho kuʻikahi.
No nā ʻano aila ma o ka ʻenekini, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia e ka papa kuhikuhi API ma ka lepili huahana, kahi e hōʻike ai ka leka mua i ke ʻano o ka ʻenekini.
- S - no nā ʻenekini kakolina;
- C - no nā ʻenekini kakolina diesel.
ʻO ka leka ʻelua i ka papa kuhikuhi API e hōʻike ana i ka hana - ʻo ka mea i lalo ma ka pīʻāpā Latina, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā koi e pili ana i ka aila, a ʻo ka mea hou e pono ai ke kaʻa. ʻO kahi laʻana, kūpono kaʻaila me ka papa kuhikuhi SM no nā kaʻa pākaha ma mua o ka 2004 makahiki hoʻohālike.
Koho ʻiʻo
ʻO ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻoihana hana kahi palena ʻē aʻe i ke kūʻai ʻana i ka aila. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e koho i nā ʻoihana me kahi kūlana honua a i ʻole, ma ka liʻiliʻi, nā māka i ʻike ʻia ma ka pae pae ʻāina. Ma waena o lākou, e hoʻokumu ʻia ke koho ʻana o kekahi mana i ka makemake pilikino. ʻO nā aila maikaʻi loa he ʻano like ia a ʻano ʻokoʻa paha i ke kumukūʻai a me ka hana.
E noʻonoʻo ana i ke kau a me nā ʻano kau i ke koho ʻana
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ka ʻano nui o ka aila ʻenekini ka viscosity. Māhele ʻia nā aila āpau i nā ʻano 3: kauwela, hoʻoilo a me nā kau a pau.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka aila e ka inoa o ka SAE viscosity index.
- aia ka papa kuhikuhi hoʻoilo i ka huapalapala W (0W, 5W, 10W);
- ʻaʻohe huapalapala W i ka papa kuhikuhi kauwela (20, 40, 60);
- no nā aila multigrade, hyphenated nā hōʻailona ʻelua (5W-30, 5W-40, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).
ʻO ka aila kau-āpau ke koho maikaʻi loa - e mau ia no ka makahiki piha o ka kalena. Inā hoʻohana ikaika ʻia ke kaʻa, a ʻoi ka mileage makahiki i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka manawa hoʻololi o ka aila, a laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka aila kauwela i ke kau mahana, a me ka aila hoʻoilo i ke kau anuanu.
Hoʻohālikelike kūlike ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo i ka papa kuhikuhi - ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka helu, ʻo ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka mahana ma kahi o ka ʻaila i mālama ai i ka viscosity. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka index 5W ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻomaka ka aila i ka ʻenekini ma kahi mahana o -35 ° C, 10W - i ka mahana o -30 ° C, 15W - ma -25 ° C, etc.
No laila, ke koho ʻana i kahi aila, pono i kekahi e noʻonoʻo i ke aniau o kahi wahi i mālama ʻia ai ke kaʻa. Ke noho nei i ka ʻākau, ka Urals a me Siberia paha, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e koho i ka ʻaila me ka helu 0W a i ʻole 5W, ma nā wahi o ka wahi akahai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokū i ka koho ma ka aila me ka papa kuhikuhi 10W, akā ma ka Crimea a me Sochi hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i ka aila me ka papa kuhikuhi 20W (a i -20 ° C).
ʻO nā aila kaulana o ka aila
Wahi a nā loiloi hoʻohana, nā inoa aʻe ma waena o nā mana maikaʻi loa o ka aila ʻenekini.
- ZIC 5w40 - nā huahana mai kahi hui Kōlea Hema kekahi o nā makana maikaʻi loa ma ka mākeke e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai a me ka maikaʻi.
- ʻO ka huina Quartz 9000 5w40 kahi aila mīkini kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe mai ka mea hana Farani, hoʻokahi wale nō drawback - kahi kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻO Shell Helix Ultra 5w-40 kekahi o nā aila i makemake nui ʻia ma ka mākeke, ʻoi aku hoʻi i pono e hoʻohana i nā anuanu anuanu. Hoʻokahi wale nō drawback i haʻi ʻia o ka mana - ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
- Mobil Super 3000 X1 5W-40 kekahi mea ʻē aʻe o ka papa o nā aila ʻenekini kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi.
- He koho maikaʻi loa ʻo Lukoil Lux 5W40 SN CF mai kahi mea hana Lūkini, ʻelua wale nō ona drawbacks - haʻahaʻa ka hana kaiapuni a me kahi wā pōkole ma waena o nā mea pani. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka hoʻohana a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa i waena o nā koho maikaʻi loa.
