He aha ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona o nā kaʻa Soviet a me ke ʻano o lākou
Nā mea
I ka makahiki 1976, ma Jelgava, kokoke i Riga, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ka iconic Rafik-2203. Ua ho'āʻo nā mea hoʻolālā Soviet e hana i nā hōʻailona kaʻa i kēia manawa. Ua hoʻonani ʻia ka radiator grill o ka van i hana ʻia me kahi pā ʻulaʻula nani, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ka silhouette o kahi minibus me ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano o ka abbreviation RAF e hōʻike ʻia e nā laina kālā.
ʻO nā hōʻailona o nā kaʻa Soviet he ʻāpana o ka mōʻaukala o ka USSR. Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou me ka hōʻailona hohonu a hoʻokō ʻia ma kahi pae kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ua komo nā kamaʻāina o ka ʻāina i ke kūkākūkā o nā kiʻi.
AZLK (Avtozavod i kapa ʻia ma hope o Lenin Komsomol)
Ua hoʻomaka ka hale hui kaʻa ʻo Moscow i ka hana ma 1930. Hoʻohui i kona inoa i ka huaʻōlelo "ka inoa o ka Communist Youth International", ua loaʻa iā ia ka pōkole KIM ma ka hōʻailona e kū ana i ke kua o ka hae proletarian ʻulaʻula, e like me ke kūpono i nā hōʻailona o nā kaʻa USSR. I ka makahiki 1945 lanakila, ua kapa hou ʻia ka hana ʻo Moscow Small Car Plant. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hana ʻana o Moskvich, ma ka hōʻailona o ka Kremlin Tower i ʻike ʻia a ua haʻaheo ka hōkū ruby.
I ka manawa, ua loli iki nā mea, akā ua hoʻomau ka hōʻailona hōʻike i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻoihana kaʻa Soviet a puni ka honua. Ua hoʻokipa ʻo Moskvitch i ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu, e hoʻokūkū ana me nā kaʻa haole maikaʻi loa i nā hui honua kaulana loa: London-Sydney, London-Mexico City, Tour of Europe, Golden Sands, Raid Polski. ʻO ka hopena, ua lawe ʻia aku i nā ʻāina he nui.
AZLK (Avtozavod i kapa ʻia ma hope o Lenin Komsomol)
I ka hopena o nā makahiki 80, ua hele ʻo Moskvich-2141 i ka hana. Ma ke kumu, hoʻomohala ʻia nā mīkini me nā inoa aliʻi "Ivan Kalita", "Prince Vladimir", "Prince Yuri Dolgoruky". Aia ma luna o ka papa inoa hoʻokahi ʻāpana kala kala ʻole o ka pā Kremlin, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e like me ka leka "M". Hoʻohui ʻia e ka pūlima AZLK, mai ka makahiki 1968 ua kapa ʻia ka hui ʻo Lenin Komsomol Automobile Plant.
I ka makahiki 2001, ua hoʻopau ʻia kekahi o nā kaʻa kaʻa kahiko loa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kona mau hōʻailona a me nā papa inoa i kēia manawa ma nā rarities, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea e ola nei i loko o nā hōʻiliʻili pilikino a i ʻole nā hale hōʻikeʻike polytechnic.
VAZ (Volga Automobile Plant)
I ka makahiki 1966, ua komo ke aupuni o ka Soviet Union i kahi kuikahi me kahi mea hana kaʻa Italia e hana i kahi ʻoihana holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka "penny" maʻamau ("VAZ 2101") ka kaʻa mua i hiki i ka mea hana maʻamau ke kūʻai manuahi. ʻO kēia ka FIAT-124 i hoʻololi iki ʻia no nā kūlana kūloko, a ma 1966 i lilo i "Car of the Year" ma ʻEulopa.
I ka wā mua, ua hoʻouna ʻia nā pahu hui me ka ʻole o ka hōʻailona ma ka radiator grill i ka USSR mai Turin. Ua hoʻololi nā mea hoʻolālā hale i ka pōkole FIAT me "VAZ". Me kēia hōʻailona hōʻailona, ua holo ka Zhiguli mua mai ka laina hui ʻo Tolyatti i ka makahiki 1970. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, hoʻomaka nā kaʻa e hoʻolako i nā papa inoa i hoʻolako ʻia mai Italia, i kūkulu ʻia ma ke kumu o kahi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi a A. Dekalenkov. Ma luna o ka ʻili lacquered poni me nā ʻale i ʻike ʻole ʻia, ua lana mai kahi moku Lūkia kahiko i uhi ʻia i ka chrome. Aia i loko o kāna palapala ka leka "B", malia paha - mai ka inoa o ka muliwai Volga a i ʻole VAZ. Ma ka lalo, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka pūlima "Tolyatti", a ua nalowale ma hope, no ka mea, ua kūʻē kona hele ʻana i nā koi no kahi hōʻailona.
VAZ (Volga Automobile Plant)
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻole i loli nui ka hōʻailona o ka brand. E like me nā ʻano o ka ʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa honua, ka waʻa, ka ʻaoʻao i kū ai, a ua ulu ke kiʻi. Ma nā "ʻeono" iʻeleʻele ke kahua. A laila, lilo ka ikona i mea palaki, nalo ka nalu. I ka makahiki 90, ua kākau ʻia ka silhouette i kahi oval. Aia kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa uliuli.
GAZ (Gorky Automobile Plant)
Ua hana 'o "Volgari" i nā hō'ailona kupanaha loa o nā ka'a ma ka USSR. ʻO nā kaʻa like ʻole o ka ʻoihana Gorky i lawe i nā hōʻailona like ʻole ma ka puʻu. Hana ʻia mai ka makahiki 1932, nā kaʻa Model A a me nā kaʻa AA, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā huahana Ford, ua hoʻoili ʻia kahi hoʻolālā papa inoa maikaʻi ʻole mai ko lākou mau kūpuna. Aia ma luna o ka pā oval kahi palapala hoʻopiʻi "GAZ iā lākou. Molotov", i hoʻopuni ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e nā kiʻi i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka hāmare a me ka pahikiwi. He ʻeleʻele loa ia, a i ʻole me kahi ʻulaʻula hina ʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka "emka" kaulana ("M 1936"), i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1, ua loaʻa i kahi lepili constructivist hou aʻe: ʻo ka leka "M" (Molotovets) a me ka helu "1" i hui pū ʻia, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka kikokikona i ka ʻulaʻula ma ke keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ke kālā. ma ka ulaula.
GAZ (Gorky Automobile Plant)
I ka makahiki 1946, ua puka mai ke kumu ho'ohālike a'e, me ka helu serial "M 20". I ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka pio ʻana o nā Nazis i ke Kaua Patriotic Nui, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Victory". Ua ʻike ʻia ka "M" i kālai ʻia ma ke ʻano he kuhikuhi i ke kahua kaua o ka pā Kremlin; i loko o kahi manu e lele ana ma luna o ka wai - ka muliwai Volga. Hana ʻia ka leka i ka ʻulaʻula me kahi ʻāpana kālā, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano he hae ʻulaʻula. ʻO kahi kaʻawale mai ka papa inoa he pā me ka palapala "GAS", i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka paʻa no ka hāpai ʻana i ka hood.
I ka makahiki 1949, ua hana ʻia kahi hōʻailona hanohano no ka luna hoʻokō "M 12". E kūʻē i ke kua o ka hale kiaʻi Kremlin me kahi hōkū ruby he pale ʻulaʻula. ʻO kahi dia e holo ana ma luna ona, ua lilo ia i hōʻailona kaulana o ka honua o nā huahana o ka ʻoihana kaʻa Gorky. Hana ʻia ke kiʻi i ka metala kālā. Ua ʻike ʻia ka holoholona hanohano ma ka hōʻailona ʻaʻole i loaʻa - ua ʻaiʻē ʻia mai ke kapa o ka moku ʻo Nizhny Novgorod o ke aupuni Lūkini. I ka makahiki 1956, ua ho'onoho 'ia kahi ki'i ki'i 'ekolu o ka dia lele ma ka pu'upu'u o ka GAZ-21 (Volga) a lilo i mea makemake no nā hanauna he nui o nā ka'a.
I ka makahiki 1959, ua ʻike ʻia nā pale ʻulaʻula me nā pā kaua ma ka hōʻailona o ke aupuni Chaika. Aia ka dia holo ma luna o ka grille a ma ka po'i kumu. I ka makahiki 1997, lilo ke kua i polū, i ka makahiki 2015 ua ʻeleʻele. I ka manawa like, nalowale nā pā kaua a me ka pōkole. Ua ʻae ʻia ka hōʻailona ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona huahana mana no nā hiʻohiʻona hou o ka hui GAZ, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea hana kaʻa ʻo Pavlovsky, Likinsky a me Kurgan.
ErAZ (Kaʻa kaʻa ʻo Yerevan)
Ma Armenia, ua hana ka ʻoihana i nā mea hoʻouka a me nā kaʻa me ka hiki ke lawe i ka ton ma ka chassis GAZ-21 Volga. Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona mua ma 1966 e like me ka palapala i kūkulu ʻia ma ka Riga Bus Factory (RAF). Ma hope mai, ua hana 'ia 'o "ErAZ-762 (RAF-977K)" i nā ho'ololi like 'ole.
ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike hou "ErAZ-3730" a me nā ʻano ʻano i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hana ma 1995 wale nō. ʻAʻole i hoʻokuʻu nui ʻia.
ErAZ (Kaʻa kaʻa ʻo Yerevan)
ʻO ka hōʻailona ma nā kaʻa ka palapala "ErAZ". He paʻakikī ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo "r" ma ka papa ʻāpana ʻeleʻele. I kekahi manawa ua hana ʻia ka palapala ma kahi ʻano oblique me ka ʻole o ka hope. Ma hope mai, loaʻa i nā kaʻa he hōʻailona chrome poepoe ma ke ʻano o kahi kiʻi kiʻi e hōʻike ana i ka mauna ʻo Ararat a me Lake Sevan, he mea hōʻailona ia no ka poʻe Armenia. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, kūʻai ʻia nā kaʻa Yerevan me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona, ʻaʻole like me nā kaʻa Soviet i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna.
KAvZ (Kurgan Bus Plant)
I ka makahiki 1958, ua ha'alele ka makahiapo, i ho'olālā 'ia e nā mea ho'olālā mai Pavlovsk, i ka hale hana - "KAvZ-651 (PAZ-651A)" ma ka waihona kumu o ke ka'a GAZ-51. Mai ka makahiki 1971, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ke kumu hoʻohālike 685. Ke kau nei i kona kino ma luna o nā tractor Ural, ua ʻākoakoa ka poʻe Kurgan i nā limahana hana ikaika. I ka makahiki 1992, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana i nā kaʻa ponoʻī e like me ke kaʻa kaʻa, palekana a ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu. I ka makahiki 2001, ua hoʻomohala mākou i kahi kaʻa kula mua e kū ana me GOST no ka lawe ʻana i nā keiki. ʻAʻole i hāʻawi ʻia kēlā mau mīkini ma Russia wale nō, akā i Belarus, Kazakhstan a me Ukraine.
KAvZ (Kurgan Bus Plant)
Ua hoʻopili ʻia nā papa hina hina i nā puʻupuʻu Ural kahiko. Ma ke kikowaena, lawe ʻia nā puʻu ʻelua i hōʻike ʻia me kahi muliwai ma ka wāwae a me kahi ao ma luna o nā piko i lawe ʻia i loko o kahi pōʻai me ka palapala "Kurgan". Ma ka ʻēheu hema o ka hōʻailona ua kākau ʻia ʻo "KavZ", ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau - ka helu helu o ke kŘkohu.
Hoʻolālā ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka mea hana kaʻa ʻo Kurgan i ka hui GAZ e lawe i kahi hōʻailona hui ma ke ʻano o kahi pale ʻeleʻele me kahi deer kālā e holo ana ma ka grille radiator.
RAF (Riga Bus Factory)
I ka makahiki 1953, ua hana ʻia nā pāpale RAF-651 piha piha, nā kope o Gorky's GZA-651. I ka makahiki 1955, ua ho'oku'u 'ia ka pahi ka'a ka'a RAF-251. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i kēia mau huahana kā lākou hōʻailona ponoʻī.
I ka makahiki 1957, ua hoʻomaka ka mōʻaukala o nā minibuses kaulana, ʻo ia ka prototype no ka mea ʻo Volkswagen van. I kēia manawa i ka makahiki 1958, ho'omaka ka ho'oku'u 'ana o "RAF-977". Ma ka paia mua o kona hull, ua kau ʻia kahi palapala diagonal RAF ma kahi pale ʻulaʻula.
RAF (Riga Bus Factory)
I ka makahiki 1976, ma Jelgava, kokoke i Riga, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ka iconic Rafik-2203. Ua ho'āʻo nā mea hoʻolālā Soviet e hana i nā hōʻailona kaʻa i kēia manawa. Ua hoʻonani ʻia ka radiator grill o ka van i hana ʻia me kahi pā ʻulaʻula nani, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ka silhouette o kahi minibus me ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano o ka abbreviation RAF e hōʻike ʻia e nā laina kālā.
ZAZ (Zaporozhye Kaʻa Kaʻa)
ʻO ke kaʻa e pili ana i ka FIAT-600 hou ma lalo o ka inoa "Moskvich-560" i hoʻoili ʻia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma Zaporozhye. I ka makahiki 1960, ua hana'ia nā ka'a ZAZ-965 li'ili'i mua loa, i kapa 'ia "humped" no ke kino maoli. He ʻokoʻa ka wahi o kā lākou mau hōʻailona kaʻa no nā kaʻa mai USSR. Ua iho mai kekahi poni mai ka pale makani i waenakonu o ka po'i kumu. Ua hoʻopau ʻia me kahi asterisk ʻulaʻula palahalaha, kahi i kākau akamai ʻia ai ka pōkole "ZAZ".
ʻEono mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua ʻike ka Zaporozhets-966 i ka mālamalama o ka lā, e like me ke West German NSU Prinz 4. Ma muli o ka nui o nā ea ea i loaʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke keʻena engine, ua kapa ʻia ka poʻe i ka inoa o ke kaʻa "pepeiao". Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hōʻailona ʻelima mau ʻāpana like ʻole me ka rim chrome ma ka poʻi kumu. Ma ke kahua ʻulaʻula, ka mea kahiko no nā hōʻailona o nā kaʻa o ka USSR, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻailona o Zaporozhye - ka dam o DneproGES i kapa ʻia ma hope o V. I. Lenin, ma luna - ka palapala "ZAZ". I kekahi manawa ua hoʻopau ʻia nā kaʻa me kahi papa inoa triangular ʻulaʻula a keʻokeʻo paha me ka inoa o ka mea kanu ma lalo.
ZAZ (Zaporozhye Kaʻa Kaʻa)
Mai ka makahiki 1980, ua hoʻomaka ka hui e hana "Zaporozhets-968M", i kapa ʻia ʻo "pahu kopa" no kāna hoʻolālā kahiko kahiko. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka 968 me nā hōʻailona like me kona mua.
I ka makahiki 1988, ho'omaka ka hana nui o Tavria me ka mīkini mua ma'amau. Ma hope mai, ma ke kumu, ua ho'omohala'ia ka hatchback 'elima puka "Dana" a me ka sedan "Slavuta". Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau kaʻa me nā hōʻailona plastik ma ke ʻano o kahi leka hina "Z" ma kahi ʻeleʻele.
I ka makahiki 2017, ua ho'opau'ia ka hana'ana o nā ka'a ma ZAZ.
