Pehea ka hana ʻana o nā ʻenehana hybrid ʻokoʻa i nā kaʻa
Nā mea
I kēia manawa, aia ka kaʻa hybrid democratized i kona kūlana mua, kahi manawa hoʻololi ma waena o ka wela a me ka uila, no laila hoʻohana nā kaʻa i kēia mau ʻenehana ʻelua i ka manawa like. Eia naʻe, pono ʻoe e ʻike e hūnā kēia huaʻōlelo honua i nā ʻenehana like ʻole, mai nā hybrids anecdotal a i nā hybrids "kaumaha". No laila, e nānā kākou i nā hybridizations like ʻole e kū nei, a me nā pono āpau a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o ka hope.
Ma mua o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā ʻano topologies a me nā ʻenehana loea o nā kaʻa hybrid (nā hui like ʻole), e hana mua mākou i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma o ka calibration device.
Nā pae like ʻole o ka hybridization
ʻO ke ola nui nāwaliwali MHEV ("microhybrid" / "FALSE" hybridization)
| Anakahi uila: | Haʻahaʻa / 48V |
| Hiki ke kau hou: | aole |
| Kaʻa uila: | aole |
| kaumaha nui: | <30kg |
| Kaha pākaukau: | <0.8 кВтч |
Maʻalahi loa kekahi mau pae o ka hybridization, ʻo ia ka mea e hana ʻia me 48 volts ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pulley crankshaft (ma mua o ka palena ʻana i ka hoʻomaha ʻana a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka generator-starter i kēia manawa e hiki ke kōkua i ka mīkini. Motor) ... Hoʻolako ʻia me nā pākahi microscopic i emi iho 0.7 kWhʻAʻole wau i manaʻo i kēia ʻenehana he hybridization maoli. ʻO nā ikaika i hana ʻia e kahi mea uila he mea anecdotal loa ia e noʻonoʻo ʻia e like me ia. A no ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka torque i nā huila ma o ke kaʻa (ma o ka pulley damper), ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe i ka uila 100%. E makaʻala i nā mea ulu e hoʻohui i nā tona i kēia ʻano ʻenehana, e ʻae iā ʻoe e manaʻoʻiʻo i ka hybridization mau (ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e mālama ai i kekahi mau grams no nā hoʻopaʻi kūlohelohe). No laila, makemake wau e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia hybridization mai nā mea ma hope.
E makaʻala i nā mea hana hana ʻino i kēia, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka MHEV hybridization ma ke ʻano he "fiction" no ka mea he anecdotal.
E ʻike ʻoe iā lākou ma ka 48V a i ʻole MHEV nomenclature. Hiki iā mākou ke kuhikuhi, no ka laʻana, e-TSI a i ʻole Ecoboost MHEV.
ʻO ka huila haʻahaʻa ("REAL" hybrid) HEV
| Anakahi uila: | Kiʻekiʻe / ~ 200 V |
| Hiki ke kau hou: | aole |
| Kaʻa uila: | ʻo ia |
| kaumaha nui: | Mai ka 30 a hiki i ka 70 kg |
| Kaha pākaukau: | Mai 1 a 3 kWh |
No laila, ʻaʻole mākou e noho hou ma ʻaneʻi
nui
kukui i hoʻohiki liʻiliʻi loa (hele mākou mai ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 0.5 kWh i nā waiwai i ka pae mai Mai 1 a 3 kWh, aiʻole mai 1 a 3 km ma ka uila piha). No laila, eia mākou e kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i ka hybridization maʻalahi, akā ke hoʻomau nei ka hybridization sequential (e pili ana i ka māhele i hōʻike ʻia ma hope o [PHEV], eia kahi ʻano o ka PHEV māmā a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia). No laila, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokele holoʻokoʻa me ka uila, ʻoiai inā he mamao pōkole loa. ʻO ka pahuhopu ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻaʻole e uhi i ka 100% o ka mamao huakaʻi uila. ʻO ka pōʻaiapili maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia nā pahu kukui, kahi e lilo ai nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe pololei i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ikehu (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hui ʻana o ka ʻenekini e makemake nui i ka lean burn, akā he ʻāpana wale nō kēia o ka wehewehe). No laila ʻaneʻane ʻaneʻane ʻoe e loaʻa ʻole ma nā ala ākea: aupuni / ʻoihana / ala kaʻa. Ma kēia ʻano, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wahie diesel (a no laila no ka honua!).
ʻO ka mea kaulana loa o nā mea a pau ʻo ka HSD hybridization o Toyota no ka mea ua puni ia no nā makahiki! No laila, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea maʻamau ... Ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia kona hilinaʻi a noʻonoʻo nui kāna hana.
I kēia mau lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka Renault E-Tech hybrid, e like me Toyota, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā ʻenehana proprietary ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe (eia ʻaʻole ʻoe ka mea hoʻolako lako, akā ʻo ka brand nāna i hoʻomohala iā ia). ... Ua like ia me ka Mitsubishi IMMD.
PHEV plug-in hybrid ("REAL" hybrid)
| Anakahi uila: | Kiʻekiʻe loa / ~ 400 V |
| Hiki ke kau hou: | ʻo ia |
| Kaʻa uila: | ʻo ia |
| kaumaha nui: | Mai ka 100 a hiki i ka 500 kg |
| Kaha pākaukau: | Mai 7 a 30 kWh |
Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēlā ʻano hybrid e like me "kaumaha", no ka mea ʻoi aku ka mamao o nā mea hana ma luna o ka papa mai ka ʻakaʻaka a me ka māmā (mai 100 a 500 kg keu: pākaukau, uila uila a me ka uila uila) ...
A laila hoʻouka mākou i ka pākaukau, hiki ke hele mai Mai 7 a 30 kWh, lawa ka holo mai 20 a kokoke i 100 km, ma muli o ke kaʻa (ka mea hou loa).
E like me nā calibrations hybridization, loaʻa iā mākou nā ʻenehana like ʻole. Loaʻa iā mākou ka Renault E-Tech hybrid, akā eia ua hoʻopili ʻia i kahi pākaukau rechargeable nui ma o kahi puka waho. No ka mea inā he 1.2 kWh māmā māmā ka Clio, hiki i ka Captur a i ʻole Mégane 4 ke pōmaikaʻi mai ka mana 9.8 kWh, a no laila mākou e koho ai i kahi hybridization kaumaha. E pōmaikaʻi ka X5 45e mai kahi mana 24 kWh, i lawa no ka uhi ʻana i 90 km ma nā uila āpau.
Hiki i kēia ʻano kaʻa ke holo wikiwiki i 130 km / h i nā mana uila āpau, ʻike ʻia nā mea hana i hoʻopaʻa iā lākou iho i kēia wikiwiki (hāʻawi lākou i nā mea āpau like).
Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā hybrids o kēia ʻano i kahi kaʻa uila e kū pono ana i ka clutch / torque converter, no laila ma waena o ka mīkini a me ka pahu pahu. Hoʻohana ʻo Renault i ka uila a wehe i ka puʻupuʻu, a hoʻohana ʻo Toyota i kahi kaʻaahi planetary gear e hoʻohui i nā mana wela a me nā uila ma nā huila (ʻaʻole e hoʻomālamalama hou ʻia ka ʻōnaehana HSD ke hoʻohui ʻoe i kahi pākahiko 8.8 kWh. he puka puka).
Nā hoʻolālā like ʻole o nā kaʻa hybrid
Hui māmā MHEV / Micro hybrid 48V
Ke hana nei kēia ʻōnaehana ma nā volta haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi 24 a i ʻole 48 V (kokoke mau 48 V). I kēia manawa ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka hoʻolako ʻana i ke kaʻa me kahi ʻōnaehana "maikaʻi" a hoʻomaka, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia i ka hoʻomaka hou ʻana i ke kaʻa. ʻO ka mea hou aku, kōkua ia i ka ʻenekini wela inā ʻo ia e neʻe ana. ʻAʻole ʻae kēia ʻōnaehana iā ʻoe e hana me ka uila holoʻokoʻa, akā ua hoʻololi ʻia he hana maʻalahi a maʻalahi hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā wahi āpau! ʻO ka hope loa, ʻo ia paha ka ʻōnaehana akamai loa o nā mea a pau, ʻoiai inā i ka nānā mua ʻana he mea maʻalahi ia iā ʻoe. Akā ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona māmā ka mea e hoihoi ai ...
Hoʻolālā hybrid parallel
Ma kēia hoʻonohonoho, hiki i ʻelua mau kaʻa ke hoʻohuli i nā huila, ʻo ka wela wale nō, a i ʻole ka uila (ma nā hybrids piha), a i ʻole nā mea ʻelua i ka manawa like. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili o nā mana e hilinaʻi ʻia i kekahi mau ʻano (e ʻike i lalo: ʻohi o nā mana). E hoʻomaopopo hoʻi he ʻokoʻa iki paha kekahi o nā ʻāpana, akā mau ka loina: e hoʻokele ka uila a me ka wela i nā huila ma o ka pahu pahu. ʻO kahi laʻana ʻo nā hybrids Kelemania e like me nā ʻōnaehana e-Tron / GTE. Ke hoʻolaha nui nei kēia ʻōnaehana a pono e lilo i ka hapa nui.
Heluhelu: nā kikoʻī o ka hana o ka hybridization e-Tron (transverse a longitudinal) a me GTE.
E ʻoluʻolu, ua hoʻoholo wau e hana i kaʻu mau kiʻi me kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻenekini transverse, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hapa nui o kā mākou kaʻa. ʻO nā sedans nani ka mea maʻamau i kahi kūlana longitudinal. E hoʻomaopopo hoʻi, ke kuhikuhi nei au ma ʻaneʻi i kahi puʻupuʻu e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻenekini mai ka hoʻoili ʻana (no laila pono e hoʻohui i kahi paʻa a i ʻole mea hoʻololi ma waena o ka mīkini uila a me ka pahu pahu i hoʻohui ʻia i ke kaapuni. ka pahu pahu., Hoʻohālike me E-Tense a me HYbrid / HYbrid4 mai PSA)
He ʻōnaehana kēia ma ka Mercedes me kahi ʻenekini longitudinal. Ua hōʻike aku au i ka ʻulaʻula i ke kaʻa uila e kū pono ana i ka torque converter. Aia ma ka ʻākau ka pahu pahu (planetary, no ka mea, ʻo BVA), a ma ka hema ke ʻenekini.
Huina mauna huikau
ʻOkoʻa ka ʻike ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe, no ka mea, ʻo ke kaʻa uila wale nō e hiki ke hoʻokele i nā huila. A laila e lawelawe wale ka ʻenekini wela ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe uila no ka hoʻouka hou ʻana i nā pā. ʻO ia iho, ʻaʻohe pili o ka ʻenekini me ka hoʻouna ʻana a no laila me nā huila, ʻaʻole paha he ʻāpana ia o ka mīkini, no laila ua waiho ʻia. Maanei hiki iā ʻoe ke kuhikuhi i ka BMW i3 a i ʻole Chevrolet Volt / Opel Ampera (binoculars).
Maʻaneʻi, hiki i ke kaʻa uila ke hoʻoneʻe i ke kaʻa, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopili ai i nā huila. Hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo he kaʻa uila kēia, e loaʻa iā ia kahi mea hana hou e hoʻonui ai i ke kūʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole e hoʻohana nui ʻia kahi ʻenekini wela e hoʻoulu ai i nā haneli he nui no ka mea e lawelawe wale ana ia i ka uila.
Hoʻokomo pū ʻia-parallel
Maʻaneʻi paha e loaʻa koke iā ʻoe ka pilikia i ka hopu ʻana i ka manaʻo. Aia kekahi hapa o ke kumu i loko o ke kaʻaahi planetary gear, kahi e hiki ai ke mālama ʻia ka mana ma ke kumu hoʻokahi mai ʻelua mau kumu like ʻole: kahi kaʻa uila a me kahi mīkini wela. ʻO ia hoʻi ka paʻakikī o ka helu o nā mea hoʻoneʻe e hana pū ana, a me nā ʻano hana he nui e paʻakikī ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana honua (kahi hui o nā manaʻo paʻakikī e pili ana i ke kaulahao hoʻouna, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kaʻaahi epicyclic, akā. ʻO ka hoʻohana pū ʻana i ka mana electromagnetic e like me ka hana ʻana i kēia manawa a no ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka torque me kahi hopena clutch). Kapa ʻia ʻo ia he sequential / parallel no ka mea ua hui pū ʻia nā ʻano hana ʻelua (e hoʻopili i nā mea ...).
E heluhelu hou: Pehea e hana ai ka Toyota Hybrid (HSD).
ʻOkoʻa ke kūkulu ʻana mai kēlā hanauna a i kēia hanauna, akā ʻo ka loina like
ʻO ke kiʻikuhi maoli ke kua i lalo no ka mea ke nānā ʻia mai kēlā ʻaoʻao ...
Hoʻokaʻawale / Hoʻokaʻawale Hybrid
Hiki iā mākou ke haʻi, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka PSA (a i ʻole Aisin) Hybrid4 ʻōnaehana, kahi o ka mīkini uila no nā huila hope, ʻoiai ʻo ka mua ka mea maʻamau me ka mīkini wela (i kekahi manawa he hybrid i mua e like me ka Rav4. HSD a i ʻole ka lua o ka hanauna HYbrid2 a me HYbrid4 i kekahi mau hihia).
Nā pae like ʻole o ka hybridization
Ma mua o ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hana ʻana i kahi kaʻa hybrid, e nānā mua kākou i kahi huaʻōlelo e wehewehe ana i nā ʻano hybridization like ʻole.
- Hoʻopiha piha : literally "complete hybrid": uila me ka liʻiliʻi loa 30% o ka nui o ka mana. Hiki i ke kaʻa uila (a he nui paha o lākou) ke hāʻawi kūʻokoʻa i ka neʻe ʻana no kekahi mau kilomita.
- Pākuʻi hoʻohui : Hoʻohui pū hoʻohui piha. Hiki ke hoʻopili pololei ʻia nā pila i nā kumu.
- M hybrid hybrid / ʻO Microhybrid : I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kaʻa ke holo holoʻokoʻa ma ka uila, ʻoiai no nā mamao pōkole. No laila, e hele mau ana ka mea kiʻi wela. Hiki i nā mana 48V hou ke kōkua pū me ka ʻenekini ma o ka pulley damper. I nā mana mua o nā makahiki 2010, ua kaupalena ʻia ia i ka Stop a me Sart i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, no ka mea, ua hoʻomalu ʻia ia e ka generator-starter, ʻaʻole ka hoʻomaka maʻamau (no laila hiki iā mākou ke hoʻihoʻi i ka ikehu i ka wā deceleration, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana me kahi mea hoʻomaka maʻamau o ka papa)
No ke aha e ulu ʻole ai ka ikaika i nā manawa a pau?
I ka hihia o kahi hybrid i alakaʻi ʻia e kahi kaʻa uila, ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka mea hana wela (a i ʻole engine ...), maʻalahi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana ʻaʻole pono e hana ʻia ... E waiho i ka mana wela he 2 a i ʻole 1000 ikaika lio. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻololi i kekahi mea, no ka mea, hoʻohana wale ʻia no ka hoʻouka hou ʻana i nā pā. Hiki ke pāʻani wale ʻia ma ka hoʻouka hou ʻana.
No kahi ʻōnaehana maʻamau (kahi kaʻa o kahi hoʻolālā kuʻuna me kahi kaʻa uila kākoʻo) ka mana o ka mīkini uila a me ka wela hōʻiliʻili akā, ʻaʻole pono ka hopena i kahi haʻalele maʻalahi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hoʻopili i ka cumulation, no ka laʻana:
- ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana (e hoʻokele ka uila i nā huila like me ke kiʻi wela? ʻAʻole ma ka Hybrid4, e laʻa.
- He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka mana o ka pila (e hoʻoikaika ana i ke kaʻa uila). No ka mea, ʻaʻole e like me ka wela, i hoʻohana ʻia e ka wahie mai kahi pahu ( lawa ka 2 lita e hoʻohana i ka 8 hp V500 no kekahi mau kekona), ʻaʻole hiki i ke kaʻa uila ke hāʻawi i kona mana āpau inā ʻaʻole lawa ka pākaukau (ma ka liʻiliʻi e like me ka mīkini e hoʻohana ʻia), ʻo ia ka hihia ma kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi locomotive diesel, me he mea lā ua kaupalena ʻia ka wahie ...
- Nā kikoʻī o ʻelua mau motika i hoʻohui ʻia. ʻAʻole hoʻomohala ka ʻenekini i ka mana like ma luna o ka pae holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa (ua ʻōlelo ʻia he X horsepower ka mīkini ma X rpm, ʻokoʻa ka mana i nā Y / min a pau). No laila, i ka hui ʻana o ʻelua mau kaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mana kiʻekiʻe i ka mana kiʻekiʻe o nā motika ʻelua. Laʻana: hoʻopuka wela 200 HP ma 3000 rpm i hui pū ʻia me ka puka uila o 50 hp. ma 2000 rpm ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i 250 hp. ma 3000 rpm, no ka mea, ua loaʻa i ka mīkini uila ka mana kiʻekiʻe (50) ma 2000 t / min. Ma 3000 rpm e hoʻomohala wale ia i 40 hp, no laila 200 + 40 = 240 hp.
Nā manaʻo a me nā pane āpau
Dernier manaʻo hoʻopuka i hoʻouna ʻia:
Emrys pro (Lā: 2021, 06:30:07)
Lexus RX 400h 2010 г.
He pilikia koʻu i ka hoʻouka ʻana i kahi pākahiko 12V. Pono ke kōkua
Il J. 1 pane (s) i kēia manaʻo:
- Kauka LUNA HUINA SITE (2021-07-01 10:32:38): No ka mea ʻaʻohe mea hoʻololi, pili ia i ka uila uila e hoʻokele i nā kahe uila.
(E ʻike ʻia kāu pou ma lalo o ka ʻōlelo ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana)
Kākau i ka manaʻo hoʻopuka
ʻO wai o kēia mau hōʻailona e hoʻoikaika nui iā ʻoe i ka wā e pili ana i ka waiwai?
