Pehea ke kaʻa uila? ʻO Gearbox i kahi kaʻa uila - aia ma laila a ʻaʻole paha? [PANE]

Nā kaʻa uila - pehea lākou e hana ai? Pehea lākou i hoʻonohonoho ai? He kaumaha anei nā ʻōhua kaʻa uila? Pipiʻi? He paʻakikī paha ka pahu pahu i loko o ke kaʻa uila? Eia kahi hoʻolauna pōkole i ke kumuhana, nā pōmaikaʻi o nā kaʻa uila a me kā lākou mau hemahema.

Pehea ka hana o ke kaa uila

Ka papa o nā mea

• Pehea ka hana o ke kaa uila
• ʻO nā pila no nā kaʻa uila: a hiki i ka hapalua ton ma lalo o ka papahele, ʻo ka hapa nui loa
  • I loko o nā ʻāpana hea e ana ʻia ai ka nui o ka pākaukau?
  • He aha nā mana o nā ʻeke i nā kaʻa uila?
• ʻO ka mīkini i loko o kahi kaʻa uila: a hiki i 20 rpm!
• ʻO ka pahu pahu kaʻa uila: 1 wale nō mea hana (!)
  • ʻO nā pahu pahu i nā kaʻa uila - e hana lākou?
  • ʻElua mau ʻenekini ma kahi o kahi pahu pahu holo wikiwiki ʻelua

Ma waho, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ke kaʻa uila mai kahi kaʻa puhi ahi maʻamau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i kēia mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ia he paipu hoʻopau a ʻokoʻa iki ke kani. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia: ma ke ʻano ʻaʻole kani a walaʻaukoe wale no ke kani malie o ka moto uwila. I kekahi manawa (wikiō hoʻohālike):

Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Tesla P100D + BBS huila!

Hoʻomaka wale nā ​​ʻokoʻa kumu me ka chassis. ʻAʻole loaʻa i kahi kaʻa uila kahi ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko, pahu pahu (e pili ana i kēia ma lalo) a me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻopau. Ma kahi o lākou he kaa uwila nui a me ka uwila liilii. Pehea ka liʻiliʻi? E like me ka nui o ka melika. Ma ka BMW i3 e like me kēia:

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka BMW i3, me nā pākahi e waiho ʻaoʻao ana a me kahi kaʻa liʻiliʻi e hoʻokele ana i nā huila hope, he pahu ʻālohilohi ma ke kua, kahi e alakaʻi ai nā uea ʻalani (c) BMW.

ʻO nā pila no nā kaʻa uila: a hiki i ka hapalua ton ma lalo o ka papahele, ʻo ka hapa nui loa

ʻO ka nui, ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi, a me ke kaumaha loa i loko o kahi kaʻa uila, ʻo ia nā pihi. He analogue paʻakikī kēia o ka pahu wahie maʻamau, kahi e mālama ai i ka ikehu i hana pololei ʻia ma ka hale mana. He mea paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i kahi kaʻa maʻalahi: hoʻomaka ia ma luna o ka turbine o kahi mea kanu mana a hele pololei ma ke kaula i kahi hao, kamepiula a i ʻole kaʻa uila.

ʻEhia ka nui o nā ʻeke i loko o ke kaʻa uila? Noho lākou i ka chassis holoʻokoʻa. Pehea ka pipiʻi? ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka pahu i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi e pili ana iā PLN 30. Ua kaumaha loa? No kēlā me kēia 15 kilowatt-hola, ʻo ka nui o ka pākaukau i kēia lā ma kahi o 2017 kilokani i 100, me ka hull a me nā mea hoʻomaha / hoʻomehana.

I loko o nā ʻāpana hea e ana ʻia ai ka nui o ka pākaukau?

Akā ʻo "kilowatt-hola" - he aha kēia mau ʻāpana? ʻAe, ua ana ʻia ka mana o kahi pākaukau ma nā ʻāpana o ka ikehu, ʻo ia hoʻi, kilowatt-hola (kWh). ʻAʻole pono lākou e huikau me ka wae o ka mana (kilo) watts (kW). Ua ʻike mākou i kēia mau ʻāpana uila mai kā mākou uku uila, a mākou e uku ai ma ka awelika i kēlā me kēia mahina ʻelua.

ʻO ka pauku keʻa o ka hanauna mua Nissan Leaf. Aia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau ke alo o ke kaʻa, aia kahi kumu hoʻoili. Aia ka ʻenekini ma waena o nā huila (ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma lalo o nā uea ʻalani), a ʻoi aku ka pili o nā ʻenekini i nā huila hope o ke kaʻa (c) Nissan.

Hoʻohana ka ʻohana maʻamau ma kahi o 15 kilowatt-hola o ka ikehu i kēlā me kēia lā, a ʻo kēlā me kēia kilowatt-hola ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 keneta. Ma kahi o ka nui o ka ikehu e hoʻopau ʻia e ka mea hoʻokele waiwai o kahi kaʻa uila - akā no 100 mau kilomita.

> Pehea e hoʻololi ai i nā hola kilowatt (kWh) o ka ikehu kaʻa uila i nā lita wahie?

Nā ʻāpana: 150 a 500 kilokani

ʻO nā ʻanuʻu kekahi o nā mea kaumaha loa o ke kaʻa uila. ʻO ko lākou kaumaha ma kahi o 150 a ma kahi o 500 kilokani (hapalua ton!). No ka laʻana, ʻo Tesla Model 3 mau pākahi me ka mana o 80 kilowatt-hola wale nō ke kaupaona ʻana he 480 kilokani - a he alakaʻi ʻo Tesla i ka loiloi paona!

ʻO nā ʻanuʻu (waena) a me ka ʻenekini (hope) ma kahi Model Tesla 3 (c) Tesla

He aha nā mana o nā ʻeke i nā kaʻa uila?

ʻO nā kaʻa i hana ʻia ma 2018 ua hoʻolako ʻia me nā pihi me ka mana mai 30 (Hyundai Ioniq Electric) a i kahi 60 kilowatt-hola (Opel Ampera E, Hyundai Kona 2018) a mai 75 a 100 kilowatt-hola (Tesla, Jaguar I-Pace, Audi. e - tron ​​Quattro). maʻamau: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pākaukau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaʻa uila, a no kēlā me kēia 20 kilowatt-hola o ka mana pākaukau, pono ʻoe e hoʻokele ma kahi o 100 mau kilomita.

> 2017 mau kaʻa uila me ka mana kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka uku hoʻokahi [TOP 20 RATING]

ʻO ka mīkini i loko o kahi kaʻa uila: a hiki i 20 rpm!

ʻO ka mīkini kaʻa uila he hoʻolālā maʻalahi, ʻike ʻia no nā makahiki he 100, i hana ʻia e Nikola Tesla, ka mea hana i hānau ʻia ma Serbia. ʻO ka mea ʻino loa, he ʻumi mau ʻāpana kaʻa uila, a ʻo ka ʻenekini kaʻa hoʻopau i loko he mau kakini. i hoʻokahi tausani!

He mea maʻalahi loa ke kumumanaʻo o ka hana ʻana o kahi kaʻa uila: hoʻohana ʻia kahi volta iā ia, kahi e hoʻonohonoho ai i ka neʻe (rotation). ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka volta, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wikiwiki.

Aia ke kaʻa Tesla me ka pahu pahu i loko o kahi paipu kālā. Aia ka pahu pahu ma lalo o ka hale keʻokeʻo a me ka hina, kahi e hoʻouna ʻia ai ka wikiwiki o ka mīkini i ka propeller shaft a me nā huila. Kiʻi wehewehe (c) Nā memo ʻenehana

ʻO ka maʻamau kaʻa kaʻa he tachometer pālākiō mai 0 a 7 rpm, ʻo ka awelika kaʻa diesel he 000 rpm ka wikiwiki. ʻO ka māla ʻulaʻula, e hōʻike ana i ka pōʻino o ka hemahema o ka mīkini, hoʻomaka ma mua, ma 5-000 tausani rpm.

I kēia manawa, hiki i nā kaʻa i nā kaʻa uila he mau tausani rpm. I ka manawa like, loaʻa iā lākou ka maikaʻi maikaʻi loa no ka mea maʻamau lākou e hoʻohuli ma luna o 90 ka nui o ka ikehu i hoʻolako ʻia i loko o ka neʻe - ma nā ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko, he kūleʻa nui ka 40 pākēneka, i loaʻa wale me kekahi kūlana ʻenehana. - nā kaʻa hana.

> Pehea ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻa uila? Ua hōʻea ʻo ABB i 99,05%

Pehea ke kaʻa uila? | ʻO Tesla Model S

ʻO ka pahu pahu kaʻa uila: 1 wale nō mea hana (!)

ʻO ka mea hoihoi loa o nā kaʻa uila o kēia wā ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana, ʻaʻole ... Ae 'ae, Hoʻokahi wale nō kaʻa kaʻa uila (me ka hope, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mea i loaʻa i ka wā e hoʻopili ʻia ka volta). Hoʻopiliʻia ka motika i nā huila e kahi mea maʻalahi loa e ho'ēmi i ka wikiwiki o ka motika ma ka laulā o 8-10: 1. No laila,ʻo 8-10 mau hoʻololi o ka huila kaʻa ka 1 holo piha o nā huila. ʻO ia ʻano hoʻoili maʻamau he ʻekolu mau mīkini i hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia kekahi me kekahi:

No ke aha i loaʻa ai hoʻokahi kaʻa uila? Me he mea lā ʻaʻole makemake nā mea hana e hoʻonui i ke kaumaha o nā mīkini a paʻakikī ke ola no lākou iho. Hoʻopuka nā kaʻa uila i ka torque kiʻekiʻe loa mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana, e koi ana i nā mīkini mānoanoa a paʻa. I kēia hihia, hiki i ke kumu o ke kaʻa uila ke hoʻololi i ka wikiwiki o 300 mau kipi i kekona (!).

ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona a pau ke ʻano o ka pahu pahu i loko o ke kaʻa uila pono e ikaika loa, ʻoiai i ka manawa like pono e hoʻololi i nā pahu i nā haneli o ke kekona, kahi e hoʻonui nui ai i ke kumukūʻai o kahi kaʻa uila.

ʻO nā pahu pahu i nā kaʻa uila - e hana lākou?

ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia lākou ma laila. ʻO ke kiʻi āu e ʻike ai ma luna nei he ʻāpana kea ia o kahi prototype ʻelua-wikiwiki no ka kaʻa uila. Hoʻohana ka Rimac Concept One i nā hoʻoili ʻelua-wikiwiki (no laila aia ka pahu pahu, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā pahu pahu!). Hōʻike pū ʻia nā prototypes mua o ka hoʻoili ʻekolu-wikiwiki.

kēia pahu pahu no ke kaʻa uila mea nui lakou no ka mea, ma kekahi aoao, ua ae lakou i ke kaa e holo wikiwiki, a ma kekahi aoao, i ka wa e holo ai ma ke ala kaa, ua ae lakou i ka engine e rotate oi lohi (= emi ikehu pauku), i.e. hoʻonui lākou i ka wikiwiki engine. kaʻa holo kaʻa.

ʻElua mau ʻenekini ma kahi o kahi pahu pahu holo wikiwiki ʻelua

I kēia lā, ua hoʻoponopono ʻo Tesla i ka pilikia o ka nele o nā pahu pahu ma kona ʻano ponoʻī: ʻo nā kaʻa me nā ʻenekini ʻelua he mau hoʻoili like ʻole a, pinepine, ʻelua mau ʻenekini like ʻole ma mua a ma hope. Hiki ke ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka axle hope a loaʻa i kahi ratio kiʻekiʻe o ka mīkini (e laʻa me 9: 1) i mea e hoʻohana maikaʻi ai i ka torque a wikiwiki i ke kaʻa. ʻO ka mua, ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali (= hoʻopau i ka mana liʻiliʻi) a loaʻa ka ratio haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (e like me 7,5: 1) e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana ma nā mamao lōʻihi.

ʻO ka ʻikepili ma luna aʻe he mea pili a hilinaʻi nui i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ke kaʻa. Akā ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka Tesla Model S 75 he 401 mau kilomita wale nō, aʻo ka Tesla Model S 75D ("D" no nā kaʻa holo kaʻa holoʻokoʻa) he 417 mau kilomita.

> Hoʻi hou ʻo Tania Tesla S e hāʻawi. S 75 ma ke kuai 2018

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