Pehea e hoʻoholo ai nā papa kaʻa?

Ua lohe kēlā me kēia ʻona kaʻa i ka huaʻōlelo "kaʻa kaʻa", akā he kakaikahi wale nō ka poʻe i ʻike pololei i nā pae hoʻohālikelike e hoʻohana ai e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kaʻa. Pono e wehewehe ʻia ma aneʻi ʻaʻole mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano loea a i ʻole ka hoʻokalakupua, akā e pili ana i nā ana. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia mau kaʻa kaʻa e like me Mercedes-Benz a me BMW, no ka laʻana, mahele pinepine ʻia e like me nā kaʻa kiʻekiʻe, me ka nānā ʻole i ka nui a me ka mana.

Hoʻonohonoho helu ʻEulopa

ʻO ke ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia e ke Komisina Waiwai no ʻEulopa ʻoi aku ka maopopo a no laila ʻoi aku ka maʻamau. I kekahi ʻano, he kūlana kēia pae, no ka mea ʻaʻole ia ma ka nui a me ka mana wale nō i hoʻokumu ʻia, akā lawe pū ʻia hoʻi i ka mākeke pahuhopu kahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai ke kaʻa. ʻO kēia, a laila, alakaʻi i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mamana ponoʻī, a kahaha paha i kekahi.

Hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻōnaehana i nā kaʻa āpau i nā ʻano aʻe:

• A (mini-kaʻa);
• B (nā kaʻa liʻiliʻi, papa liʻiliʻi);
• C (nā kaʻa midsize, kahi huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe ʻo "Golf Class", ʻike ʻia e ka inoa o ke k modelkohu kaulana loa i kēia ʻāpana);
• D (nā kaʻa nui, ka papa waena);
• E (uku nui, nā hoʻohālikelike waena);
• F (papa makamae. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kaʻa e ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe a hoʻonui i ka hōʻoluʻolu).

Hoʻonohonoho pū ka ʻōnaehana i nā SUV, nā minivan a me nā kaʻa haʻuki (roadster a hoʻololi ʻia). Eia nō naʻe, i kēia hihia, ʻaʻohe palena paʻakikī, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e wehewehe i nā ana kikoʻī. ʻO kahi laʻana o kēia ka hanauna BMW 3-Series hou. ʻO 85 mm ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia papa, a hoʻonui ʻia ka mamao ma waena o nā koʻi e 41 mm.

ʻO kekahi laʻana ʻo Skoda Octavia. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, pili kēia k modelkohu i ka papa "C", akā ʻoi aku kona nui ma mua o kona mau lunamakaʻāina maʻamau. ʻO kēia ke kumu i hoʻolauna hou ʻia ai nā māka (a me nā hōʻailona), e like me B + a me C +, no kēia mau kaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka hapanui o ka papa.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Mercedes-Benz

Eia ke kūpono e noʻonoʻo ʻaʻole pili nā ʻāpana i hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻEulopa i nā hiʻohiʻona Mercedes. No ka laʻana, hāʻule nā ​​papa A a me B i ka ʻāpana "C", a ʻo ke kumu hoʻohālike C-Class - i "D". ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike wale nō i kūlike i ka papa ʻo ia ka E-Class.

Hoʻonohonoho helu ʻAmelika

ʻOkoʻa ke kūlana i nā ʻāina ʻē mai ʻEulopa, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau overlaps. A hiki i ka 80 o ke kenekulia i hala, ʻo ka mamao waena ke kumu nui no kahi papa kaʻa.

I ka makahiki 1985, eia naʻe, ua loli kēia parameter. Mai ia manawa, ua lilo ka nui o ka hale i ke ana. ʻO ka manaʻo ʻo ka mea mua o nā mea āpau, pono kēia parameter e haʻi i ka mea kūʻai aku pehea e ʻoluʻolu ai i loko o ke kaʻa.

No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻAmelika penei:

• Nā Minicompact (nā lunamakaʻāpana liʻiliʻi) me ka nui o nā pahu a hiki i 85 ʻīniha cubic, kahi e kuhikuhi manuahi ana i ka "A" a me "B" ʻEulopa.
• ʻO nā kaʻa liʻiliʻi (85-99,9 cu.d.) kokoke i ke ʻano ʻEulopa "C";
• ʻO nā kaʻa waena (110-119,9 cubic mika) kokoke i ka papa D e like me ka ʻōnaehana ʻEulopa;
• Nā kaʻa nui a i ʻole nā ​​kaʻa piha piha (ma kahi o 120 cc). Aia i kēia mahele nā ​​kaʻa like me ka papa ʻEulopa ʻE a me F.

Hāʻule ʻo Sedan a me nā kaʻa kū ma ʻAmelika Hema i nā waeʻano ʻē aʻe:

• ke kaʻa kau liʻiliʻi (a i 130 kapuaʻi cubic);
• kaʻa kau waena (130-160 cubic kapuaʻi);
• kaʻa kau nui (ma luna o 160 cubic kapuaʻi).

Hoʻohui ʻia, pili ka ʻōnaehana like i nā kaʻa ākea āpau, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻāpana SUV paʻa, waena a piha hoʻi.

Hoʻonohonoho Kepani

ʻO kahi hōʻike ʻike pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ke ʻano o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻawale i nā kikoʻī kaʻa i loaʻa i Iapana. ʻO kahi laʻana o kēia ka "kei-car", kahi i makemake nui ʻia ma ka ʻāina.

Hōʻike lākou i kahi niche ʻokoʻa i ka moʻomeheu kaʻa ʻo Iapana. Hoʻonohonoho pololei ʻia nā ana a me nā kikoʻī o kēia mau kaʻa e like me nā rula ʻauhau a me nā ʻinikua kūloko.

Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā kaʻa kei i ka makahiki 1949, a ʻo ka hoʻololi hope i hana ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 1, 1998. Ma lalo o nā hua'ōlelo, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kēlā mīkini he kaʻa me ka lōʻihi a hiki i 3400 mm, kahi ākea a hiki i 1480 mm a me ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2000 mm. Hiki i ka ʻenekini ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia a hiki i 660 cc. knm a me ka mana a hiki i 64 hp, a ua kaupalena ʻia ka mana ukana i 350 kg.

I Iapana, ʻelua mau ʻano o nā kaʻa, akā ʻaʻole maopopo loa nā mea āpau ma laila, a mālama ʻole ʻia nā lula i kekahi manawa. No nā kaʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 4700 mm, ʻo ka laulā a hiki i 1700 mm, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2000 mm. ʻAʻole pono ka nui o ka mīkini ma mua o 2,0 lita. ʻO nā kaʻa nui kahi ʻāpana o ka papa kaʻa nui maʻamau.

Hoʻohui Kina

Aia kekahi i kā Kina i kā lākou ʻōnaehana ponoʻī e hoʻomohala ʻia e China Automotive Technology and Research Center (CATARC). Loaʻa iā ia:

• nā kaʻa liʻiliʻi (lōʻihi a hiki i 4000 mm, ʻo ia ʻano like me ʻEulopa A a me B);
• mahele A (ke kino ʻāpana ʻelua, lōʻihi mai 4000 a 4500 mm a me ka ʻenekini a hiki i 1,6 liters);
• mahele B (ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 4500 mm a me ka ʻenekini ma luna o 1,6 liters);
• nā kaʻa multipurpose (ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua lālani o nā noho i loko o ke keʻena);
• nā kaʻa pono haʻuki (crossovers a me SUVs).

Hāʻawi ʻia kēia ʻike, ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi kaʻa i manaʻo ʻole ʻia no ka mākeke kūloko, pono ʻoe e wehewehe i nā mea i kapu ʻia i ka papa like. E kōkua kēia i ka hōʻole ʻana i ke kuhi hewa ʻana i ke kau inoa ʻana i kahi kaʻa a i ʻole uku nui paha no ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā palapala pili.

Nā nīnau a me nā pane:

Чhe aha ka papa kaʻa? ʻO kēia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kaʻa e like me ko lākou mau ʻāpana, ke alo o kekahi mau hoʻonohonoho i ka ʻōnaehana hōʻoluʻolu. He mea maʻamau ka koho ʻana i kahi papa me nā leka Latin A-E.

He aha nā papa o nā kaʻa i laila a pehea ko lākou ʻokoʻa? A - kaʻa micro, B - kaʻa liʻiliʻi, C - papa waena, kaʻa ʻEulopa, D - kaʻa ʻohana nui, E - papa ʻoihana. Nāʻokoʻa i ka nui a me ka'ōnaehana hōʻoluʻolu.

ʻO ke kaʻa hea ka mea kiʻekiʻe ma ka papa? Ma waho aʻe o nā papa ʻelima, aia nō ke ono - F. No ia nā kaʻa hoʻokō āpau. ʻO kēia papa i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa, a hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona ke hana serial a i hana maʻamau.