Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka holo ʻana o ka uila i ka wai?

Manaʻo ʻia ka wai he mea hoʻokele uila maikaʻi no ka mea inā he ʻauheʻe i loko o ka wai a hoʻopā kekahi iā ia, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia.

ʻElua mau mea e hoʻomaopopo ai he mea nui paha. ʻO kekahi o lākou ke ʻano o ka wai a i ʻole ka nui o nā paʻakai a me nā minela ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ka lua ka mamao mai kahi o ka pili uila. Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i nā mea ʻelua akā e pili ana i ka lua e ʻimi i ka lōʻihi o ka holo ʻana o ka uila i ka wai.

Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i ʻehā mau ʻāpana a puni kahi kumu uila i ka wai (pilikia kiʻekiʻe, pilikia, pilikia kūpono, palekana). Eia naʻe, paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo i ka mamao pololei mai kahi kumu kiko. Pili lākou i nā kumu he nui, e like me ke koʻikoʻi / ka ikaika, ka hāʻawi ʻana, ka hohonu, ka paʻakai, ka mahana, ka topography, a me ke ala o ka pale ʻole.

ʻO nā kumukūʻai o ka mamao palekana i ka wai e hilinaʻi ʻia ma ka ratio o ka hewa o kēia manawa i ke kino palekana loa (10 mA no AC, 40 mA no DC):

• Inā he 40A ka hewa o ka AC, he 0.18m ka mamao palekana ma ka wai kai.
• Inā iho ka laina uila (ma ka ʻāina maloʻo), pono ʻoe e noho ma kahi o 33 kapuaʻi (10 mau mika) ka lōʻihi, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻa. I ka wai, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mamao.
• Inā hāʻule ka mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai, pono ʻoe ma loko o 360 kapuaʻi (110 mau mika) mai ke kumu mana.

E hele au i nā kikoʻī hou aku ma lalo nei.

No ke aha he mea nui e ʻike

He mea nui e ʻike i ka lōʻihi o ka holo ʻana o ka uila i loko o ka wai no ka mea ke loaʻa ka uila a i ʻole ka ʻā i lalo o ka wai, hiki i ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia me ka wai ke pilikia i ka haʻalulu uila.

He mea kōkua ke ʻike i ka mamao palekana e pale aku ai i kēia pilikia. Ke loaʻa kēia pilikia i kahi kūlana waikahe, he mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia ʻike.

ʻO ke kumu ʻē aʻe e ʻike ai i ka lōʻihi o ka holo ʻana o ke au uila i loko o ka wai ʻo ia ka lawaiʻa uila, kahi e hoʻolele ʻia ai ka uila i loko o ka wai e hopu i ka iʻa.

ʻAno wai

He insulator maikaʻi ka wai maʻemaʻe. Inā ʻaʻohe paʻakai a i ʻole nā ​​mea mineral ʻē aʻe, e liʻiliʻi ka pilikia o ka haʻalulu uila no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ka uila ke hele mamao i loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana naʻe, ʻo ka wai i ʻike ʻia he maʻemaʻe paha ke loaʻa kekahi mau pūhui ionic. ʻO kēia mau iona ka mea hiki ke hoʻokele i ka uila.

ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai maʻemaʻe e ʻae ʻole i ka uila. ʻO ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ka mahu a me ka wai deionized i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i loko o nā hale hana ʻepekema hiki ke loaʻa kekahi mau ion. ʻO kēia no ka mea he mea hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ka wai no nā minerala like ʻole, nā kemika, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻAʻole maʻemaʻe ka wai āu e noʻonoʻo nei i ka mamao o ka uila. ʻAʻole maʻemaʻe ka wai paipu maʻamau, ka wai kahawai, ka wai kai, a pēlā aku. ʻAʻole like me ka wai maʻemaʻe hypothetical a paʻakikī paha, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wai paʻakai i ka uila ma muli o kona paʻakai (NaCl). ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai i nā ion ke kahe, e like me ka holo ʻana o nā electrons i ka wā e alakaʻi ai i ka uila.

Ka mamao mai kahi o ka pilina

E like me kāu e manaʻo ai, ʻoi aku ka pili ʻana i kahi e pili ai i ka wai me kahi kumu o ke au uila, ʻoi aku ka pōʻino, a ʻoi aku ka mamao, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke au. He haʻahaʻa paha ke au i ʻole e pōʻino loa ma kekahi mamao.

ʻO ka mamao mai kahi o ka pilina kahi mea nui. ʻO ia hoʻi, pono kākou e ʻike i ka lōʻihi o ka holo ʻana o ka uila i loko o ka wai ma mua o ka nāwaliwali ʻana o ke au e palekana. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia e like me ka ʻike ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka holo ʻana o ka uila i loko o ka wai holoʻokoʻa a hiki i ka haʻahaʻa ʻole ʻana o ke au a i ʻole ka uila, kokoke a i like paha me ka ʻole.

Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana e pili ana i ka wahi hoʻomaka, mai kahi kokoke loa a i kahi mamao loa:

• Wahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe – He mea make ke pili me ka wai i loko o kēia wahi.
• Wahi pōʻino – Hiki ke hoʻopōʻino nui ka pili ʻana me ka wai i loko o kēia wahi.
• Wahi Pilikia Kaulike - I loko o kēia ʻāpana, aia kahi manaʻo aia ke ʻano o ka wai, akā haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa paha nā pilikia.
• Wahi Palekana - Ma loko o kēia ʻāpana, ua mamao loa ʻoe mai ke kumu mana i hiki ai i ka uila ke pilikia.

ʻOiai ua ʻike mākou i kēia mau ʻāpana, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka mamao pololei ma waena o lākou. Nui nā kumu i pili ma ʻaneʻi, no laila hiki iā mākou ke koho wale iā lākou.

Akahele! Ke ʻike ʻoe i kahi o ke kumu o ka uila i loko o ka wai, pono ʻoe e hoʻāʻo e noho mamao loa mai ia wahi a, inā hiki iā ʻoe, e hoʻopau i ka lako uila.

ʻO ka loiloi mamao pilikia a palekana

Hiki iā mākou ke loiloi i ka pōʻino a me ka mamao palekana ma muli o nā kumu nui ʻeiwa:

• ʻO ka haʻalulu a i ʻole ka ikaika - ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka uila (a i ʻole ka uila), ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pilikia o ka haʻalulu uila.
• E puunaue - Hoʻopau a hoʻolaha paha ka uila ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau i ka wai, ma ka nui a kokoke i ka ʻili.
• hohonu “ʻAʻole komo ka uila i loko o ka wai. Hele wale ka uila i kahi hohonu o 20 kapuaʻi ma mua o ka pau ʻana.
• paʻakai - ʻO ka nui o nā paʻakai i loko o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka uila. He kiʻekiʻe ka paʻakai o ka wai kai a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (maʻamau ~ 22 ohmcm i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 420k ohmcm no ka wai ua).
• Температура ʻOi aku ka mahanahana o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana o kāna mau mole. No laila, e maʻalahi hoʻi ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka uila i ka wai mahana.
• Topography - He mea koʻikoʻi ka topography o ia wahi.
• Ke ala – He kiʻekiʻe ka pilikia o ka haʻalulu uila i loko o ka wai inā lilo kou kino i ala ʻoi loa ka pale ʻana no ke kahe ʻana o ke au. He palekana wale nō ʻoe inā loaʻa nā ala kūʻē haʻahaʻa a puni ʻoe.
• wahi hoʻopā - He ʻokoʻa ke kūʻē ʻana o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino. No ka laʻana, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ko ka lima (~160 ohmcm) ma mua o ke kumu (~415 ohmcm).
• Wehe i ka mea hana - ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia inā ʻaʻohe mea hoʻokaʻawale a i ʻole aia kekahi a ʻoi aku kona manawa pane ma mua o 20 ms.

Ka helu o ka mamao palekana

Hiki ke hana ʻia nā manaʻo manaʻo o ka mamao palekana ma muli o nā code of practice no ka hoʻohana palekana ʻana i ka uila ma lalo o ka wai a me ka noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻenekini uila ma lalo o ka wai.

Me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokuʻu kūpono e hoʻomalu i ka mana AC, inā ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kino ma mua o 10 mA a ʻo ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke kino he 750 ohms, a laila ʻo 6-7.5V ka uila palekana. [1] ʻO nā waiwai o ka mamao palekana i loko o ka wai e hilinaʻi ʻia ma ka ratio o ka hewa o kēia manawa i ke kino palekana loa (10 mA no AC, 40 mA no DC):

• Inā he 40A ka hewa o ka AC, he 0.18m ka mamao palekana ma ka wai kai.
• Inā iho ka laina uila (ma ka ʻāina maloʻo), pono ʻoe e noho ma kahi o 33 kapuaʻi (10 mau mika) ka lōʻihi, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻa. [2] I ka wai, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kēia mamao.
• Inā hāʻule ka mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai, pono ʻoe ma loko o 360 kapuaʻi (110 mau mika) mai ke kumu mana. [3]

Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai inā ua uila ka wai?

Ma waho aʻe o ka nīnau e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka holo ʻana o ka uila i ka wai, ʻo kekahi nīnau koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka ʻike pehea e haʻi ai inā ua uila ka wai.

ʻoiaʻiʻo maikaʻi: Hiki i nā manō ke ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa 1 volt i kekahi mau mile mai kahi kumu uila.

Akā, pehea lā mākou e ʻike ai inā e kahe ana ke au?

Inā ʻoi loa ka uila o ka wai, manaʻo paha ʻoe e ʻike ana ʻoe i nā ʻōlinolino a me nā kī i loko. ʻAʻole naʻe. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i kekahi mea, no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻi ma ka ʻike ʻana i ka wai. Me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi mea hana hoʻāʻo o kēia manawa, ʻo ke ala wale nō e ʻike ai ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka manaʻo no ia mea, hiki ke pilikia.

ʻO ke ala ʻē aʻe e ʻike maopopo ai ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai no kēia manawa.

Inā he loko wai kāu ma ka home, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka hāmeʻa makaʻala haʻalulu ma mua o ke komo ʻana. Hiki ke kukui ʻulaʻula inā ʻike ia i ka uila i loko o ka wai. Eia naʻe, i ka pilikia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noho mamao loa mai ke kumu.

E nānā i kekahi o kā mākou ʻatikala ma lalo nei.

• E hoʻohana nui nā kukui pō i ka uila
• Hiki i ka uila ke hele i ka lāʻau
• Na Nitrogen ke alakai i ka uila

koi

[1] YMCA. He mau lula no ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka uila ma lalo o ka wai. IMCA D 045, R 015. Kii ʻia mai https://pdfcoffee.com/d045-pdf-free.html. 2010.

[2] BCHydro. Ka mamao palekana mai nā laina mana haʻihaʻi. Ua kiʻi ʻia mai https://www.bchydro.com/safety-outages/electrical-safety/safe-distance.html.

[3] Reddit. Pehea ka lōʻihi e holo ai ka uila i ka wai? Ua kiʻi ʻia mai https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2wb16v/how_far_can_electricity_travel_through_water/.

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