Pehea i alakaʻi ʻia ai nā hipa i ka pepehi ʻia ...

pūʻali koa hele wāwae Denemaka. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ua paʻi ʻia ke kiʻi ma ke kakahiaka o ʻApelila 9, 1940, a ʻaʻole i ola ʻelua mau koa i ia lā. Eia naʻe, no ka lōʻihi o ka paio a me ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke kaʻao.

I ka makahiki 1939–1940, ua hoʻouka ʻo Kelemania i kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa: Polani, Denemaka, Norewai, Pelekiuma a me Netherlands. He aha ke ʻano o kēia mau hoʻouka kaua: ka hoʻomākaukau a me ka papa, he aha nā hewa i hana ʻia, he aha nā hopena?

ʻO Farani a me Beretania Nui, a i ʻole kona aupuni holoʻokoʻa: mai Kanada a i ke Aupuni ʻo Tonga (akā ʻaʻole ʻo ʻIlelani), hoʻolaha i ke kaua iā Kelemānia i Kepakemapa 1939. No laila ʻaʻole lākou - ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ʻaʻole pololei - nā mea i hōʻeha ʻia i ka huhū Kelemania.

I ka makahiki 1939-1940, ua lilo kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa i mea hoʻonāukiuki: Czechoslovakia, Albania, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Luxembourg. I waena o lākou, ʻo Finland wale nō i hoʻoholo e hāʻawi i ke kūʻē kaua, ua hana pū ʻia nā kaua liʻiliʻi ma Albania. Ma kekahi ʻano, "ma ke ala", ua noho ʻia nā micro- a me quasi-states: Monaco, Andorra, nā Mokupuni Channel, nā mokupuni ʻo Faroe.

ʻIke Kaua Nui

I ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa, ua hele ʻo Denmark mai kahi mana liʻiliʻi a i kahi mokuʻāina kokoke ʻole. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e kau i ko lākou palekana ma nā ʻaelike hui - ʻo ka "league of armed neutrality", ka "Holy alliance" - ua lawe wale ʻia nā poho teritorial. I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ua haʻi aku ʻo Denemaka i ke kūʻokoʻa, me ka lokomaikaʻi ʻia iā Kelemania, kona hoa noho ikaika loa a me kāna hoa kālepa koʻikoʻi. Ua ʻeli ʻo ia i nā kowa Denemaka i mea paʻakikī i nā ʻauwaʻa Pelekane ke komo i ke Kai Baltic. ʻOiai naʻe, ua lilo ʻo Denmark i mea pōmaikaʻi no ke Kuʻikahi o Versailles. Ma muli o ka plebiscite, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Schleswig, kahi panalāʻau i nalowale i ka makahiki 1864 a i noho nui ʻia e Danes, ua hoʻohui ʻia iā Denmark. Ma waena o Schleswig, ʻaʻole maopopo nā hopena koho, a no laila i ka pūnāwai o 1920, ua manaʻo ʻo King Christian X e hana i kahi mea e like me ke Kipi ʻEkolu Silesian a hopu i kēia ʻāina me ka ikaika. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua hoʻohana ka poʻe kālai'āina Denemaka i ka manaʻo aliʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali i ke kūlana o ke aupuni mōʻī, hoʻopaʻapaʻa lākou, me ka nānā ʻole i ka nele o ka manawa e hoʻihoʻi ai i nā ʻāina nalowale. Ma ke ala, ua nalowale lākou i kahi ʻāina ʻē aʻe - ʻo Iceland - ka mea, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pilikia o ka ʻaha Kuhina, ua hana i kona aupuni ponoʻī.

He ʻāina ʻo Norewai me ka mana like ʻole. I ka makahiki 1905, ua haʻihaʻi ʻo ia i kona hilinaʻi ʻana ma Suedena - ua lilo ʻo Haakon VII, ke kaikaina o Christian X, i mōʻī. . He mau kaukani luina i make ma na moku 847 i hoopohoia e na moku luina Kelemania i hoala i ka inaina lehulehu i na Kelemania.

I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ʻo Netherlands - ke Aupuni o Netherlands - he aupuni kūʻokoʻa. Ma laila, i nā ʻaha kūkā ma The Hague, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā loina hou o ka neutrality. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 1914, ua lilo ʻo Hague i ke kikowaena honua o ke kānāwai honua. I ka makahiki 1918, ʻaʻohe aloha o ka Dutch i ka poʻe Pelekania: i ka wā ma mua, ua hakakā lākou i nā kaua he nui me lākou a ua mālama lākou iā lākou e like me nā mea hakakā (ua hoʻomaha ʻia ka huhū e ke kaua Boer hou). ʻO Lādana (a ʻo Paris) ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea pale o Belgium, kahi ʻāina i hana ʻia ma ka lilo o ke Aupuni ʻo Netherlands. I ka wā o ke kaua, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana, no ka mea, ua hana ka poʻe Pelekania i ka Netherlands ma kahi like me Kelemania - ua hoʻopaʻa lākou iā ia, a i Malaki 1918 ua hopu lākou i nā ʻauwaʻa kalepa holoʻokoʻa me ka ikaika. I ka XNUMX, ua hauʻoli nā pilina Pelekane-Dutch: ua hāʻawi ka Dutch i ka malu i ka mō'ī Kelemania mua, nona ka poʻe Pelekania - i ka wā o nā kamaʻilio maluhia ʻo Versailles - ua manaʻo ʻia "hoʻololi i ka palena". Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke awa Belgian o Antwerp mai ke kai e kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻāina a me nā wai Dutch, no laila pono e hoʻololi ʻia kēia. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻomau nā ʻāina i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia me ka Dutch, akā ua pūlima ʻia kahi ʻaelike hui maikaʻi me Belgium, ma ke kaupalena ʻana i ka mana o ka Netherlands ma ka ʻāina i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia.

Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka noho ʻana - a me ka neutrality - o ke Aupuni ʻo Belgium i ka makahiki 1839 e nā mana ʻEulopa - incl. Palani, Prussia a me Beritania Nui. No kēia kumu, ʻaʻole hiki i nā Belgians ke hana kuʻikahi me ko lākou mau hoalauna ma mua o ke Kaua Honua Mua a - hoʻokahi wale nō - hāʻule maʻalahi i ka huhū Kelemania i ka makahiki 1914. Ua hoʻi hou ke kūlana i ka hapahā o ke kenekulia ma hope mai, ʻaʻole kēia no nā kuleana honua, akā no nā hoʻoholo kūpono ʻole o nā Belgians. ʻOiai ua loaʻa hou ko lākou kūʻokoʻa i ka makahiki 1918 ma muli wale nō o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o Great Britain a me Farani, i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope o ke kaua ua hana lākou i nā mea āpau e hoʻonāwaliwali i ko lākou pilina me kēia mau ʻāina. I ka hopena, ua lanakila lākou, a ua uku lākou me kahi poho i ke kaua me Kelemania i ka makahiki 1940.