Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mokulele nui (1913) "Ilya Muromets" (1), ka mīkini ʻehā-engine mua loa o ka honua, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka meʻe o ka moʻolelo moʻolelo Lūkini. Ua hoʻolako mua ʻo ia iā ia me kahi lumi noho, nā noho lima nani, kahi lumi moe, kahi lumi ʻauʻau a me kahi lua. Me he mea lā ua loaʻa iā ia kahi manaʻo i ka wā e hiki mai ana e hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa ʻoihana ma nā mokulele mokulele.
CV: Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky
Lā hānau: Mei 25, 1889 ma Kyiv (Russian Empire - i kēia manawa Ukraine).
Lā o ka make: ʻOkakopa 26, 1972, Easton, Connecticut (USA)
Nā Nationality: Lūkini, ʻAmelika
Kūlana ʻohana: male elua, elima keiki
Laki: ʻO ka waiwai o ka hoʻoilina o Igor Sikorsky i kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia ma kahi o US $2 biliona.
Hoʻonaʻauao: ʻO St. Petersburg; Ke Kulanui Politeknik Kyiv; École des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile (ETACA) ma Palika
ʻO kahi ʻike: ʻO ka hana kaʻa Lūkini-Baltic RBVZ ma St. Petersburg. Petersburg; pūʻali koa o ka tsarist Rusia; pili me Sikorski a i ʻole nā hui mokulele i hana ʻia e ia ma USA - Sikorsky Manufacturing Company, Sikorsky Aviation Corporation, Vought-Sikorsky Aircraft Division, Sikorsky
Nā hana hou aku: Kauoha Alii o St. Wlodzimierz, Guggenheim Medal (1951), makana hoʻomanaʻo iā lākou. Wright Brothers (1966), US National Medal of Science (1967); Eia kekahi, ua kapa ʻia kekahi o nā alahaka ma Connecticut, kahi alanui ma Kyiv a me kahi supersonic Russian strategic bomber Tu-160 ma hope ona.
Nā manaʻo: mākaʻikaʻi mauna, akeakamai, hoʻomana, palapala Lūkini
Eia naʻe, i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻomaka ke Kaua Honua Mua a ua makemake ka mokulele Lūkini i kahi bomber ma mua o kahi mokulele mokulele maikaʻi. Igor Sikorsky no laila, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻolālā mokulele nui o ka Tsarist Air Force, a ʻo kāna hoʻolālā i hoʻopā i nā kūlana Kelemania a me Austrian. A laila hele mai ka Bolshevik Revolution, kahi i holo ai ʻo Sikorsky, a pae hope i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Aia nā manaʻo kānalua a me nā manaʻo kū'ē inā paha e manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he Lūkini, ʻAmelika, a i ʻole Ukrainian. A hiki i nā Pole ke loaʻa iki i kona kaulana, no ka mea, ʻo ka ʻohana Sikorsky he poʻokela mahiʻai Polish (ʻoiai ʻo Orthodox) ma Volhynia i ka wā o ka Repubalika Mua. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole paha he mea koʻikoʻi kēia mau manaʻo nona iho. Igor Sikorsky no ka mea, he mea kākoʻo ʻo ia i ka tsarism, he mea hahai i ka mana nui o Rūsia, a he makaʻāinana e like me kona makuakāne, a he mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa Orthodox a me ka mea kākau o nā puke akeakamai a me ka hoʻomana. Ua mahalo ʻo ia i nā manaʻo o ka mea kākau Lūkia ʻo Leo Tolstoy a mālama ʻo ia i kāna kahua o New York.
Helikopa me ka holoi ʻia
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma ka lā 25 o Mei, 1889 ma Kyiv (2) a ʻo ia ka lima a me ka muli loa o ka psychiatrist Lūkini koʻikoʻi ʻo Ivan Sikorsky. I kona wā kamaliʻi, hoihoi ʻia ʻo ia i ka hana noʻeau a me ka holomua. Ua makemake nui ʻo ia i nā palapala a Jules Verne. I kona wā ʻōpio, ua kūkulu ʻo ia i nā mokulele hoʻohālike. E kūkulu ʻo ia i ka helikopter mua i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau i ka makahiki ʻumikūmālua.
A laila ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ka Naval Academy ma St. Petersburg. Petersburg a ma ke kula ʻenehana uila o ka Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. I ka makahiki 1906, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i nā haʻawina ʻenekinia ma Farani. I ka makahiki 1908, i kona noho ʻana ma Kelemānia a me nā hōʻike lewa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā kaikunāne Wright, a ua hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka hana a Ferdinand von Zeppelin, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hāʻawi iā ia iho i ka mokulele. E like me kāna i hoʻomanaʻo ai ma hope, "he iwakāluakūmāhā mau hola i hoʻololi i kona ola."
Ua lilo koke ia i makemake nui. A mai kinohi mai, ua nui loa kona manao me ka manao o ke kukulu ana i mokulele lele lele, oia hoi, e like me ka kakou e olelo nei i keia la, he helikopa a he helikopa. ʻAʻole i haʻalele ʻia nā prototype ʻelua i kūkulu ʻia. Akā naʻe,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i haʻalele, e like me ka mea iʻikeʻia e nā hanana ma hope, akā ua hoʻopaneʻe wale i ka hihia a hiki i hope.
I ka makahiki 1909, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna aʻo ʻana ma ke kulanui kaulana ʻo French École des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile ma Paris. A laila ʻo ia ke kikowaena o ka honua mokulele. I ka makahiki aʻe, ua kūkulu ʻo ia i ka mokulele mua o kāna hoʻolālā ponoʻī, ʻo ka C-1. ʻO ka mea hoʻāʻo mua o kēia mīkini ʻo ia iho (3), a ma hope iho ua lilo ʻo ia i mea maʻamau a kokoke i ke koena o kona ola. I ka makahiki 1911-12, ma ka mokulele S-5 a me S-6 āna i hana ai, ua hoʻonoho ʻo ia i kekahi mau moʻolelo Lūkini, a me kekahi mau moʻolelo honua. Ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolālā ma ka ʻoihana mokulele o ka Russian-Baltic Carriage Works RBVZ ma St. Petersburg. Petersburg.
I loko o kekahi o nā mokulele C-5, kū koke ka ʻenekini a Sikorsky pono ʻo ia e pae koke. I kona noiʻi ʻana i ke kumu o ka pōʻino, ua ʻike ʻo ia ua piʻi ka makika i loko o ka pahu a ʻoki i ka lako hui i ka carburetor. Ua hoʻoholo ka mea hoʻolālā, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke wānana a pale ʻia paha ia mau hanana, pono e kūkulu ʻia nā mokulele no ka lele ʻole ʻana o ka manawa pōkole a no kahi pae ulia pōpilikia.
2. ʻO ka hale o ka ʻohana Sikorsky ma Kyiv - kahi nānā hou
ʻO ka mana mua o kāna papahana nui mua i kapa ʻia ʻo Le Grand a he prototype ʻenekini māhoe. Ma muli o ia mea, ua kūkulu ʻo Sikorsky i ka Bolshoi Baltiysk, ka hoʻolālā mua ʻehā-engine. ʻO kēia, ma ke ʻano he kumu no ka hana ʻana i ka mokulele C-22 Ilya Muromets i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, a ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ka Order of St. Wlodzimierz. Me ka Pole Jerzy Jankowski (he pailaka ma ka lawelawe tsarist), ua lawe lākou i ʻumi mau mea manawaleʻa ma luna o ka Muromets a piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2 m. E like me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o Sikorsky, ʻaʻole i nalowale ke kaʻa i ka mana a me ke kaulike ʻoiai ke hele nei nā kānaka ma ke ala. eheu i ka holo ana.
Kōkua ʻo Rachmaninoff
Ma hope o kaʻOkakopa Hōʻalo Sikorsky no ka manawa pōkole ua hana ʻo ia ma nā ʻāpana hana o ka pūʻali koa Farani. ʻO ke komo ʻana me ka ʻaoʻao keʻokeʻo, kāna ʻoihana mua ma Tsarist Russia, a me kāna ʻano pilikanaka ʻaʻohe mea e ʻimi ai i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo Soviet hou, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.
I ka makahiki 1918, ua pakele ʻo ia a me kona ʻohana mai ka poʻe Bolshevik i Farani, a laila i Kanada, kahi āna i haʻalele ai i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i kona inoa ʻo Sikorsky. I ka wā mua, ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kumu. Eia naʻe, ke ʻimi nei ʻo ia i nā manawa hana ma ka ʻoihana mokulele. I ka makahiki 1923 ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka Sikorsky Manufacturing Company, e hana ana i nā mokulele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, i hoʻomau i ka moʻolelo i hoʻomaka ma Rūsia. I ka wā mua, ua kōkua nā malihini Lūkini iā ia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea haku mele kaulana ʻo Sergei Rachmaninov, nāna i kākau i kahi leka nona no kahi huina nui o 5 zlotys i kēlā manawa. dala.
3. ʻO Sikorsky i kona wā ʻōpiopio ma ke ʻano he mokulele mokulele (hema)
ʻO kāna mokulele mua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ka S-29, kekahi o nā papahana ʻenekini māhoe mua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Hiki iā ia ke lawe i 14 mau ohua a hiki i ka wikiwiki o kahi kokoke i 180 km / h. No ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana, ua hui pū ka mea kākau me ka mea waiwai waiwai ʻo Arnold Dickinson. Ua lilo ʻo Sikorsky i hope nona no ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana. No laila, ua ola ʻo Sikorsky Aviation Corporation mai 1928. Ma waena o nā huahana Sikorski koʻikoʻi o ia manawa, ʻo ia ka moku lele S-42 Clipper (4) i hoʻohana ʻia e Pan Am no nā mokulele transatlantic.
hope rotor
I nā makahiki 30, ua kūpaʻa ʻo ia Sikorsky ua hoʻoholo e hoʻopau i kāna mau hoʻolālā "motor lift" mua. Ua waiho ʻo ia i kāna noi mua me ka US Patent Office no kahi hoʻolālā o kēia ʻano i Pepeluali 1929. ʻO ka ʻenehana o nā mea i kūlike me kāna mau manaʻo mua, a ʻo nā ʻenekini, i ka hopena, me ka mana lawa, hiki ke hāʻawi i ka pahu rotor kūpono. ʻAʻole makemake hou ko mākou meʻe e hana me nā mokulele. Ua lilo kāna hui i ʻāpana o ka United Aircraft, a ʻo ia iho, ʻo ia ka luna ʻenehana o kekahi o nā māhele o ka hui, i manaʻo e hana i kāna mea i haʻalele ai i ka makahiki 1908.
5. ʻO Sikorsky me kāna helikopter prototype i ka makahiki 1940.
Ua hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ka mea hoʻolālā i ka pilikia o ka manawa reactive e puka mai ana mai ka rotor nui. I ka wā i haʻalele ai ka helikopter mai ka honua aku, ua hoʻomaka kona fuselage e huli i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka rotor nui e like me ke kānāwai ʻekolu o Newton. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Sikorski e hoʻokomo i kahi propeller ʻaoʻao hou ma ka fuselage hope e hoʻopaʻi i kēia pilikia. ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia hanana ma nā ʻano he nui, ʻo ia ka hopena i manaʻo ʻia e Sikorsky ka mea maʻamau. I ka makahiki 1935, ua patent ʻo ia i kahi helikopter me nā rotors nui a me ka huelo. ʻEhā mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hui pū ka mea kanu Sikorsky me Chance Vought ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Vought-Sikorsky Aircraft Division.
Aloha ka pūʻali i nā helikopa
Ua lilo ʻo Kepakemapa 14, 1939 i lā mōʻaukala i ka mōʻaukala o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka helikopter. I kēia lā, ua holo mua ʻo Sikorsky i kahi helikopter o ka hoʻolālā holomua mua - VS-300 (S-46). Eia naʻe, he lele hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ma ka lā 24 o Mei 1940 wale nō ka lele manuahi (5).
ʻO ka BC-300 he helikopter prototype, e like me ka embryo o ka mea e hiki mai ana, akā ua ʻae ʻia no hoʻokahi hola a me ka hapa o ka lele, a me ka pae ʻana i ka wai. ʻO ke kaʻa o Sikorsky i manaʻo nui i ka pūʻali koa US. Ua hoʻomaopopo pono ka mea hoʻolālā i nā pono o ka pūʻali koa a i ka makahiki hoʻokahi ua hana ʻo ia i kahi papahana no ka mīkini XR-4, ka helikopter mua e like me nā mīkini hou o kēia ʻano.
6. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka helikopter R-4 i ka makahiki 1944.
7. Igor Sikorsky a me nā helikopa
I ka makahiki 1942, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka mokulele mua i kauoha ʻia e ka US Air Force. Ua komo i ka hana ʻana ma ke ʻano he R-4(6). Ma kahi o 150 mau mīkini o kēia ʻano i hele i nā pūʻali koa like ʻole, e komo ana i nā hana hoʻopakele, loaʻa nā mea ola a me nā mea hoʻokele i lalo, a ma hope ua lawelawe lākou ma ke ʻano he mīkini hoʻomaʻamaʻa no nā pailaka e noho ana ma nā mana o nā helikopter nui a koi. I ka makahiki 1943, ua hoʻokaʻawale hou nā hale hana ʻo Vought a me Sikorsky, a ma ia hope aku ua kālele ka hui hope i ka hana ʻana o nā helikopter. I nā makahiki aʻe, ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka mākeke ʻAmelika (7).
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ka moʻolelo o ka makana Sikorsky i nā makahiki 50, ua hana ʻo ia i ka helikopter hoʻokolohua mua i hiki i ka wikiwiki o 300 km / h. Ua ʻike ʻia ua hele ka makana i ... ka USSR, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻāina hānau o Sikorsky. ʻO ka helikopter Mi-6 i kūkulu ʻia ma laila i hoʻonohonoho i nā moʻolelo, me ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe o 320 km / h.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua uhaʻi pū nā kaʻa i kūkulu ʻia e Sikorsky. I ka makahiki 1967, ua lilo ka S-61 i ka helikopa mua loa ma ka mōʻaukala e lele pau ʻole ma ka ʻAkelanika. I ka makahiki 1970, ua lele mua kekahi kumu hoʻohālike, ʻo ka S-65 (CH-53), ma luna o ka Moana Pākīpika. Ua hoʻomaha mua ʻo Mr. Igor iā ia iho, a ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1957. Eia naʻe, ua hana mau ʻo ia no kāna ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he kākāʻōlelo. Ua make ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1972 ma Easton, Connecticut.
ʻO ka mīkini kaulana loa i ka honua i kēia lā, i hana ʻia e ka hale hana ʻo Sikorsky, ʻo ia ka UH-60 Black Hawk. Hoʻopuka ʻia ka mana S-70i Black Hawk (8) ma ka hale kanu PZL ma Mielec, kahi ʻāpana o ka hui Sikorsky no kekahi mau makahiki.
Ma ka ʻenekinia a me ka mokulele Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky he paionia ma na ano a pau. Ua hoʻopau kona mau hale i nā pale i ʻike ʻole ʻia. Loaʻa iā ia ka helu laikini mokulele mokulele Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) 64 a me ka helu laikini pailaka helicopter 1.
