Nā hiʻohiʻona o Maz 525

E noʻonoʻo i ka mea ma mua o ka moʻo BelAZ - MAZ-525.

ʻO ka mea mua o ka moʻo BelAZ - MAZ-525

ʻO ke kaʻa hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mining serial MAZ-525 (1951-1959 - MAZ-525; 1959-1965 - BelAZ-525). ʻO ke kumu o ka puka ʻana mai o ke kaʻa mining 25-ton, ʻo ia ka pono o kahi kaʻa e hiki ai ke hoʻopuka i nā poloka granite mai nā quarries e kūkulu i nā pā. ʻAʻole kūpono ka MAZ-205 i kēlā manawa no kēia kumu no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ua ho'okomo 'ia ka ho'emi mana ma ke ka'a mai 450 a 300 hp. 12-kuiuila pahu Diesel D-12A. ʻO ke koʻi hope, ʻaʻole like me ke koʻi mua, ua hoʻopili paʻa ʻia i ke kiʻi, me ka ʻole o nā pūnāwai, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kūpaʻa i nā haʻalulu haʻalulu i hana ʻia i ka wā e hoʻouka ʻia ai ka pahu pahu me ʻeono cubic mika o nā pōhaku paving (ma ke ala).

No ke komo ʻana i nā haʻalulu o ka ukana i lawe ʻia, ua hana pālua ʻia ka lalo, mai nā ʻāpana kila me kahi hui ʻoka ma waena o lākou. Ua hoʻoneʻe pololei ʻia ka haʻawe i ke kiʻi ma o ʻeono mau pad rubber. ʻO nā huila nui me ke anawaena o nā huila he 172 kenimika i lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopuʻi nui. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ke kaʻa ua loaʻa i nā loli he nui i ke kaʻina hana nui. Inā ma ka la'ana mua, ua like ka pu'upu'u engine ma ke kumu me ka laula o ke ka'a, a laila ua lilo ia i mea haiki loa - e ho'opakele metala. ʻO ka kānana aila-ea pili, ʻaʻole i kūpono ma lalo o ka puʻu, ua kau mua ʻia ma ka hema, a laila ma ka ʻākau. ʻO ka ʻike i loko o ka lepo lepo i manaʻo ʻia he hopena: e hoʻokomo i ʻelua kānana.

No ka palekana o nā mechanics nāna i lawelawe i ka diesel o kēia kaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ua kau mua ʻia ka pale ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka puʻu (kiʻi hema), hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope ua haʻalele ʻia. Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka helu o nā mea ʻoʻoleʻa kino mai ʻehiku a ʻeono. ʻO ka chrome figurine o kahi bison, i kau ʻia ma luna o nā hood o nā MAZ-525s mua, ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua "mau kāmaʻa" - ua hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau bas-reliefs i nā ʻaoʻao o ka puʻu, a ʻaʻole hoʻi i nā manawa a pau. I kēia lā, ʻo ke kaʻa hoʻokuʻu wale i ola ma Rūsia ua hoʻokomo ʻia ma ke ʻano he monument kokoke i ke kahua mana hydroelectric Krasnoyarsk. I ka wā o ka hana ʻana o nā kaʻa ma ka Belarusian Automobile Plant, ua nalowale ka bison mai ka puʻu, a ua ʻike ʻia nā palapala "BelAZ" ma kona wahi.

I ka makahiki 1959, ma Zhodino, ua ho'āʻo ʻia e hana i kahi noho noho MAZ-525A e hana ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ke kaʻaahi alanui me kahi BelAZ-5271 tipper semi-trailer o kāna hoʻolālā ponoʻī, i hoʻolālā ʻia no 45 tons o ka pōhaku a i ʻole ka honua. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i kūleʻa ka ʻike, a ua hele ka semi-trailer i ka moʻolelo wale nō i ka makahiki 1962 me kahi tractor BelAZ-540A ikaika loa. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana ʻana o ka pahu pahu mining MAZ-525, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka tractor MAZ-E-525D ma kāna kumu i ʻōwili ʻia mai nā puka o ka Minsk Automobile Plant. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hana pū me ka 15-cubic-mika D-189 scraper, hiki iā ia ke mālama wale i ka lawe ʻana i nā waiwai a me ke kaʻa ʻole, a i ka wā e hoʻopiha ai i ke kino, ua hoʻopili ʻia kahi pusher i ke kaʻaahi alanui - ʻo ia ka MAZ. -. E-525D me ka ballast ma ke axle hope.

Pono kēia, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka scraper pono 600 hp mai ka tractor, aʻo ka mana o ka MAZ he 300 hp wale nō. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka pono o kahi pusher i kēia manawa he kumu maikaʻi ʻole, no ka mea ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka scraper me ʻelua mau mīkini ma mua o ka hoʻokahi - ʻelua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole i hana ka mea paʻi me ka mea hoʻokahi, akā me nā ʻōpala he nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mamao o ka lawe ukana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea ʻokiʻoki i hiki ke lawe ʻia, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou hoʻohana.

ʻO ka wikiwiki loa o ka tractor me kahi ʻōpala piha piha he 28 km / h. He 6730x3210x3400 mm kona mau ana a he 4000 mm ka huila huila, a he 780 mm ka emi iho o ka pahu kalaka ma ka chassis i kukulu ia ai. Ma hope pono o ke kaʻa MAZ-E-525D, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi winch i alakaʻi ʻia e ka ʻenekini a me ka ikaika huki a hiki i 3500 kilokani e hoʻomalu ai i ka ʻōpala. I ka makahiki 1952, mahalo i nā hana a ka Mining Institute o ka Academy of Sciences o ka Ukrainian SSR, ka Kharkov trolleybus depot a me ka hilinaʻi Soyuznerud, ua hānau ʻia kahi ʻano kaʻa hou. Ma ka chassis o MAZ-205 a me YaAZ-210E mau kaʻa hoʻolei, a ʻelua makahiki ma hope mai, ua hana ʻia nā kaʻa kaʻa uila uila ma ka MAZ-525 he iwakāluakūmālima.

ʻO ka trolleybus ma ka chassis hoʻokūkū MAZ-525 i hoʻolako ʻia me ʻelua mau kaʻa uila trolleybus o ke ʻano DK-202 me ka mana holoʻokoʻa o 172 kW, i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka mea hoʻokele a me nā panela pili ʻehā o ka ʻano TP-18 a i ʻole TP-19. ʻO nā kaʻa uila kekahi i hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokele mana a me ka hāpai kino. ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ikehu uila mai ka hale mana i nā kaʻa uila o nā kaʻa i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano like me nā trolleybuses maʻamau: ua kau ʻia nā kaula ma ke ala o kā lākou hana, kahi i hoʻopā ai i nā kaʻa hoʻolele uila me ʻelua mau hale i kau ʻia ma luna o lākou. . ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana a nā mea hoʻokele ma ia mau mīkini ma mua o nā kaʻa kaʻa kuʻuna.

 

MAZ-525 dump truck: kiko'ī

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana Soviet ma hope o ke kaua i alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka ʻili ʻana o nā minerala, ʻo ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ia mea mai ka crankcase ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama hou ʻia e nā kaʻa kaʻa maʻamau. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ka nui o nā kino i hana nui ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki mua ma hope o ke kaua MAZ-205 a me YaAZ-210E he 3,6 a me 8 cubic mika, kēlā me kēia, a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lawe ʻana ma mua o 6 a me 10 tons, a me ka Pono ka ʻoihana mining i kahi kaʻa hoʻolei ʻaneʻi ʻaneʻane pālua ka nui o kēia mau helu! ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o ia mīkini i hāʻawi ʻia i ka Minsk Automobile Plant.

ʻO kēlā hana paʻakikī i hāʻule ma luna o nā poʻohiwi o Boris Lvovich Shaposhnik, ke poʻo e hiki mai ana o ka SKB MAZ kaulana, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā mea lawe missile multi-axle; I kēlā manawa ua hana mua ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolālā nui, ma mua ma ZIS, a laila ma ka Novosibirsk Automobile Plant, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana i ka makahiki 1945, akā ma mua o ke kau ʻana ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo ia i kahi keʻena ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻea ʻo Shaposhnik i ka Minsk Automobile Plant me nā mea hoʻolālā ʻē aʻe mai Novosibirsk i Nowemapa 1949, e lawe ana i ke kūlana o ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana hoʻolālā o ka mea kanu (KEO). ʻO ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia ka quarry MAZ-525 e hiki mai ana. No ka ʻoihana kaʻa kūloko, he ʻano kaʻa kaʻa hou kēia - ʻaʻohe mea like me kēia i hana ʻia ma ko mākou ʻāina ma mua! A mau nō

(hiki i ka lawe ʻana he 25 tons, ke kaumaha nui 49,5 tons, ka nui o ke kino 14,3 cubic mika), he nui nā ʻenehana loea i holomua no ia manawa. No ka laʻana, no ka manawa mua ma ko mākou ʻāina, ua hoʻohana ʻo MAZ-525 i kahi hoʻokele mana a me nā pahu pahu honua i kūkulu ʻia i loko o nā huila huila. ʻO ka ʻenekini i hāʻawi ʻia mai Barnaul me 12 V-shaped cylinders i kūkulu ʻia he 300 hp, ʻo ka clutch he pālua-disk a hui pū ʻia me ka hydraulic clutch e pale ai i ka lawe ʻana, a ʻo ke anawaena o nā huila kokoke i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kanaka makua!

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma nā kūlana o kēia lā, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke kino o ka Soviet mining dump truck MAZ-525: nā kaʻa kaʻa maʻamau i hana ʻia i kēia manawa, i hoʻolālā ʻia no ke kaʻa ʻana ma nā alanui ākea, e lawe i ka nui o nā ukana ma luna o ka moku. Ma nā kūlana o ka waena o ke kenekulia i hala, ua manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā "cubes" ʻoi aku ma mua o 14 i hoʻokahi lele! No ka hoʻohālikelike: i kēlā manawa, ʻo ka YaAZ-210E, ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa nui loa o ka home, loaʻa ka nui o ke kino he ʻeono "cubes" ka liʻiliʻi.

Ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana nui i ka makahiki 1951, ua hoʻololi ʻia kekahi mau loli i ke ʻano o ka quarry: ua hoʻololi ʻia ka lining radiator semicircular me ka rectangular, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka laulā o ka puʻupuʻu ma ke kiko o kona interface me ke kaʻa, a ua wehe ʻia nā ala hao liʻiliʻi ma nā pale mua. ʻO ka mea mahalo, i ka makahiki 1954, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hoʻololi kaʻa kaʻa me ʻelua mau kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa i hoʻokomo ʻia ma lalo o ka puʻupuʻu me ka mana holoʻokoʻa o 234 hp a me kahi pantograph i kau ʻia ma luna o ka hale kaʻa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i lilo kēia hoʻomohala ʻana i mea maʻamau, ʻike ʻia he mea kūpono loa ia: ʻo ka 39-lita diesel o ke kumu hoʻohālike maʻamau, ua hoʻopau ʻia he 135 lita o ka wahie diesel no 100 mau kilomita ʻoiai i nā kūlana kūpono.

ʻO ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o 1959 MAZ-800 i hana ʻia ma ka Minsk Automobile Plant a hiki i 525, a ma hope iho ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia kā lākou hana i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Zhodino i ka Belarusian Automobile Plant hou i wehe ʻia.

Lilo BelAZ

ʻO ka mea kanu, ka mea i hana i kēia lā i nā kaʻa kaʻa nui, ʻaʻole i ala mai ka ʻōpala: ua hana ʻia ma ke kumu o ka Zhodino Mechanical Plant, nāna i hana i nā kaʻa alanui a me nā kaʻa haʻalele. ʻO ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo a ke Kōmike Nui o ka CPSU a me ka ʻAha Kuhina o ka USSR e hoʻololi i kona inoa i ka Belarusian Automobile Plant i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lā 17 ʻApelila 1958. I ʻAukake, ua lilo ʻo Nikolai Ivanovich Derevyanko, ka mea i hana mua ma ke ʻano he hope alakaʻi o MAZ, i mea hoʻolaha o ka hui hou.

ʻO ka hui i alakaʻi ʻia e ia i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hana ʻaʻole wale i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hana wikiwiki o ka MAZ-525 e pono ai no ka ʻāina, akā hoʻokumu pū kekahi i kahi laina hui no kēia - ʻo nā kaʻa mining dump e hoʻohana ana i kēlā mīkini ʻaʻole i hana ʻia e kekahi ma ka honua ma mua.

ʻO ka Zhodino MAZ-525 mua loa mai nā ʻāpana i hoʻolako ʻia e Minsk i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ma Nowemapa 1, 1958, a ʻo kēia ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana he nui. Akā ma ʻOkakopa 1960, i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka laina conveyor, ua hoʻokumu i kāna hana ponoʻī o nā kaomi a me ka welding, a ua mākaukau hoʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā mea nui a me nā hui, hāʻawi ka Belarusian Automobile Plant i ka tausani MAZ-525 i nā mea kūʻai.

ʻO ka hale kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa mua i lilo i kumu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kaʻa kaʻa ma ke kumu. ʻO ka mea mua, i ka makahiki 1952, ua ʻike ʻia ka MAZ-E-525D, i hoʻolālā ʻia e huki i kahi 15-cc D-189 scraper, a ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Belarusian Automobile Plant me ka MAZ-525, hiki ke huki i kahi semi-trailer hoʻokahi axle dump. hale kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni - he hale kiʻi kiʻi i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i 40 tons o ka ukana nui. Akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia kekahi a i ʻole kekahi, ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka mana mīkini (no ka laʻana, i ka wā e ninini ai i ke kino, ʻo ka scraper i manaʻo ʻia e pana ʻia e kahi kaʻa pusher, ʻo ia ka MAZ-525 me kahi ballast i kau ʻia ma ke kiʻi. ). He nui nā hemahema koʻikoʻi o ke kaʻa hoʻolele kumu. ʻO ka mea mua, ua hana ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka metala, ʻaʻohe kūpono o ka lawe ʻana, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a ʻaʻohe mea hoʻokuʻu hope. No laila, i ka makahiki 1960, ua hoʻomaka nā mea hoʻolālā o ka Belarusian Automobile Plant i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi kaʻa kaʻa mining hou BelAZ-540, i lilo i kupuna no kahi ʻohana nui o nā kaʻa nunui Zhodino ma lalo o ka brand BelAZ. Ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ka MAZ-525 ma ka transporter, ka mea i hoʻemi ʻia i ka makahiki 1965.