nā hiʻohiʻona, ka helu ʻana, ka helu cetane, ka papa pilikia
Ma hope o nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa, ua hana ʻole ke aupuni Lūkini i ka papa 2 diesel fuel. He aha kēia e pili ana a me ka mea i loaʻa i ka wahie diesel hazard class, e kūkākūkā ʻia ma ka ʻatikala o kēia lā.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka mahanahana o ka wahie diesel
Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wahie diesel i ka paraffin, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mahana sub-zero, ua māhele ʻia (fuel) ma muli o nā ʻāpana climatic. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o kēia mau ʻāpana kona ʻano kānana ponoʻī.
- Papa A +5° C.
- Papa B 0° C.
- Papa C -5° C.
- Papa D-10° C.
- Papa B -15° C.
- Papa B -20° C.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i nā wahi kahi e hiki ai ke hāʻule ka mahana ambient ma lalo o nā palena i luna, hāʻawi ʻia nā papa ʻē aʻe - mai 1 a 4. ʻO kēia mau mea: papa, kapuaʻi a me kāna kānana.
- 0:-10° C, -ʻiwakālua° C;
- 1:-16° C, -ʻiwakālua° C;
- 2:-22° C, -ʻiwakālua° C;
- 3:-28° C, -ʻiwakālua° C;
- 4:-34° C, -ʻiwakālua° C.
Ke hoʻololi nei i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka wahie diesel i nā ʻāpana climatic like ʻole, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hopohopo e pili ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e maloʻo ia a ma muli o ka hopena, e pau ka hana nui.
Nā papa pōʻino
Hāʻawi ka GOST i kēia manawa no ʻekolu mau papa pōʻino o nā mea ʻino.
Eia lākou:
- I papa - loa weliweli;
- II papa - moderately weliweli;
- III - haʻahaʻa-pilikia.
A no ka ʻike ʻana i ka mahana o ka wahie diesel i ka wā o ka uila ma mua o 61° C, ua helu ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka papa VI). He mea hoihoi loa ia no ka papa hookahi no na mea e like me ka aila kinoea. Ma kahi huaʻōlelo, ʻaʻole pahū ka wahie diesel.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka halihali a me ka hana
Hiki ke lawe ʻia ka wahie Diesel ma luna o kahi kaʻa i lako no kēia kumu, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai kahi palapala ʻae kūpono. Eia kekahi, inā he ahi, pono e loaʻa i ia mau mīkini nā lako kinai ahi kūpono. ʻO ka hope, pono ke kaha ʻia nā pūʻolo a pau - UN No. 3 a i ʻole OOH No. 3.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻaʻā maikaʻi ʻole ka wahie diesel i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hui ʻē aʻe - no ka laʻana, me ka ʻaila. Akā i ke kauwela, hiki i ka mahana ambient ke hiki i ka palena makahiki, pono e mālama pono i ka wahie diesel. ʻOi loa inā ʻoe e manaʻo i ka nui o ka wahie.
helu cetane
Manaʻo ʻia kēia helu i ka hōʻailona nui o ka flammability o ka wahie a hoʻoholo i kona hiki ke puhi, ka manawa lohi (ka manawa ma waena o ka injection a me ka ʻāʻī). Hoʻopili kēia mau mea i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka mīkini, a me ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka helu, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a me ka maikaʻi o ka puhi ʻana i ka wahie diesel.
Aia kekahi mea e like me cetane index. E pili ana ia i ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui e hoʻonui i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka cetane. He mea nui ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka helu a me ka index, no ka mea, ʻo nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole e hoʻopili i ka hui kemika o ka wahie diesel ma nā ʻano like ʻole.
Hoʻohui wahie
ʻAʻole i lōʻihi loa, ua kau inoa ke aupuni o ka Russian Federation i kahi ʻaelike e pili ana i ka hui pū ʻana me ka European Union e pili ana i ka ʻoihana hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila. ʻO ia ke kumu e hele mai nei ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ʻEulopa i nā mea puhi ahi i Russia.
E hoʻomaopopo i kēia lā aia he 2 mau kūlana:
- GOST hale;
- ʻEulopa a i ʻole, e like me ia i kapa ʻia, Euro.
He mea maʻamau ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā keʻena kinoea i ka ʻikepili i ka wahie diesel i ka manawa like ma nā koho mua a me ka lua. Akā, no kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻohālikelike nā kūlana ʻelua i kekahi i nā mea āpau, no laila no ka mea nona ka kaʻa i kamaʻāina me GOST, e maʻalahi loa ka maʻa ʻana i ka Euro.
Ke hoʻouka nei…
