Aniani aniani
ʻO ke aniani kiʻi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni he mea hou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā pūnaewele haʻahaʻa me kahi kuhikuhi refractive kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa a me nā ana e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o ka mālamalama mai kahi ākea spectral i hāʻawi ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kristal Phonic i ka optoelectronics. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi aniani photonic e ʻae, no ka laʻana. e hoʻomalu i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kahi nalu māmā a e hana i nā manawa kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā kaapuni hoʻohui photonic a me nā ʻōnaehana optical, a me nā pūnaewele kelepona me ka bandwidth nui (o ke kauoha o Pbps).
ʻO ka hopena o kēia mea ma ke ala o ka mālamalama e like me ka hopena o ka grating i ka neʻe ʻana o nā electrons i loko o kahi aniani semiconductor. No laila ka inoa "photonic crystal". ʻO ke ʻano o ke aniani photonic ka mea e pale ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā nalu māmā i loko o ia mea ma kekahi ʻano o nā lōʻihi hawewe. A laila ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo photon gap. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka hana ʻana i nā kristal photonic i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1987 i ʻelua mau kikowaena noiʻi US.
Ua hana ʻo Eli Jablonovich o Bell Communications Research ma New Jersey i nā mea hana no nā transistors photonic. ʻO ia ka manawa i haku ai ʻo ia i ka huaʻōlelo "photonic bandgap". I ka manawa like, ʻo Sajiv John o ke Kulanui ʻo Prieston, ʻoiai e hana ana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o nā lasers i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kelepona, ua ʻike i ka lua like. I ka makahiki 1991, ua loaʻa iā Eli Yablonovich ka kristal photonic mua. I ka makahiki 1997, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ala nui no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kristal.
ʻO kahi laʻana o kahi aniani photonic ʻekolu-dimension maoli he opal, kahi laʻana o ka papa photonic o ka ʻēheu o kahi pepeke o ka genus Morpho. Eia nō naʻe, hana maʻamau ʻia nā kristal photonic i loko o nā hale hana mai ke silika, a he porous nō hoʻi. Wahi a ko lākou ʻano, ua māhele ʻia lākou i hoʻokahi, ʻelua a me ʻekolu. ʻO ka hana maʻalahi ka hoʻolālā hoʻokahi. ʻO nā kristal kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi hoʻokahi i ʻike maikaʻi ʻia a lōʻihi ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā papa dielectric, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e ka coefficient noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o ka mālamalama hanana. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he aniani Bragg kēia, aia nā papa he nui me nā ʻano kuhikuhi refractive kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa. Hana ʻia ke aniani Bragg e like me ke kānana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maʻamau, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau alapine a hele ʻia kekahi. Inā ʻōwili ʻoe i ke aniani Bragg i loko o kahi paipu, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻano ʻelua.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kristal photonic ʻelua-dimensional he photonic optical fibers a me nā papa photonic, a ma hope o kekahi mau hoʻololi ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻololi i ke ala o kahi hōʻailona kukui ma kahi mamao ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā ʻōnaehana optics integrated maʻamau. Aia i kēia manawa ʻelua ala no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kristal photonic.
первый – PWM (plane wave method) pili i hoʻokahi a me ʻelua-dimensional hale a aia i loko o ka helu ʻana i nā hoʻohālikelike kumu, me nā hoʻohālikelike Bloch, Faraday, Maxwell. ʻO ka lua ʻO ke ʻano no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā hale fiber optic ʻo ke ʻano FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain), ʻo ia ka hoʻonā ʻana i nā hoʻohālikelike Maxwell me ka hilinaʻi manawa no ke kahua uila a me ke kahua magnetic. ʻAe kēia i kekahi e hana i nā hoʻokolohua helu ma ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā hawewe electromagnetic i nā hale aniani i hāʻawi ʻia. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono kēia e hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻōnaehana photonic me nā ana e like me nā mea microelectronic i hoʻohana ʻia e kāohi i ka mālamalama.
ʻO kekahi mau mea hoʻohana o ka kristal photonic:
- Nā aniani koho o nā resonator laser,
- hāʻawi ʻia nā lasers manaʻo,
- ʻO nā fiber Photonic (photonic crystal fiber), nā filament a me ka planar,
- semiconductors Photonic, nā puaʻa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo,
- Nā LED me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pono, Microresonators, Metamaterials - haʻalele nā mea,
- ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka broadband o nā mea hana photonic,
- spectroscopy, interferometry a i ʻole optical coherence tomography (OCT) - me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hopena ikaika.
