FAdeA - Hale Hana mokulele ʻApelika

ʻO Pampa III ka mana hoʻomohala hou loa o ka mokulele IA63 Pampa trainer, i kūkulu ʻia i nā makahiki 80 mua me ka hui pū ʻana me Dornier. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā avionics digital mai ka hui Israeli Elbit Systems a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā ʻenekini Honeywell TFE731-40-2N.

ʻO ka hale hana ʻo Argentina de Aviones "Brig. Ua noho ʻo San Martín” SA (FAdeA) ma lalo o kēia inoa mai Dekemaba 2009, he 10 mau makahiki wale nō. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kāna mau kuʻuna mai ka Fábrica Militar de Aviones (FMA) i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1927 - ka mea hana mokulele kahiko loa ma ʻAmelika Hema. ʻAʻole i komo ka hui Argentinian i ka hui o nā mea hana mokulele nui a koʻikoʻi ma ka honua a i loko o kona pā hale ponoʻī ʻAmelika Hema ua lanakila ʻia e ka Brazilian Embraer. ʻAʻole ʻike nui ʻia kāna mōʻaukala a me kāna mau hana, no laila pono lākou e nānā pono.

ʻO FAdeA kahi hui hui hui (sociedad anónima) nona ka waihona kālā o ka mokuʻāina - 99% o nā ʻāpana i mālama ʻia e ka Ministry of Defense (Ministerio de Defensa), a ʻo 1% no ka General Directorate of Military Production (Dirección General). de Fabricaciones Militares, DGFM) ma lalo o kēia ʻoihana. ʻO ka Pelekikena a me Luna Nui ʻo Antonio José Beltramone, ʻo ka Hope Pelekikena a me COO ʻo José Alejandro Solís a ʻo ka Luna Hoʻokele ʻo Fernando Jorge Sibilla. Aia ke keʻena poʻo a me ka hale hana ma Córdoba. I kēia manawa, pili ʻo FAdeA i ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana o nā mokulele kaua a me nā kīwila, nā mea hoʻolālā mokulele no nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, nā parachutes, nā mea hana a me nā lako honua no ka lawelawe ʻana i nā mokulele, a me ka lawelawe ʻana, hoʻoponopono, hoʻoponopono hou a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ea, nā ʻenekini, avionics a me nā lako nā mea kūʻai kūloko a me nā haole.

I ka makahiki 2018, ua loaʻa ʻo FadeA i ka loaʻa kālā mai ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā huahana a me nā lawelawe o 1,513 billion pesos (he piʻi o 86,2% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2017), akā ma muli o nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i kahi poho hana o 590,2 miliona pesos. Mahalo i nā loaʻa kālā mai nā kumu ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka loaʻa kālā nui (ma mua o ka ʻauhau) he 449,5 miliona pesos (ma 2017 he 182,2 miliona mau pohō) a ʻo ka loaʻa kālā he 380 miliona pesos (ma 2017 he 172,6 miliona mau pohō. ).

Ae.M.Oe.2 mokulele nana. I ka makahiki 1937, ua kukuluia he 61 Ae.MO1, Ae.M.Oe.1 a me Ae.M.Oe.2. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou i lawelawe ma ka mokulele mokulele Argentine a hiki i 1946.

Kūkulu mea kanu

ʻO Francisco María de Arteaga ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka hale mokulele a me ka ʻenekini mokulele ma ʻAmelika, a ma hope mai kāna mea hoʻonohonoho a me ka luna mua. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka pūʻali koa i Malaki 1916, hele ʻo de Arteaga i Farani a i ka waena waena o 1918 ua puka ʻo ia mai ke kula ʻo Parisian of Aeronautics and Mechanical Engineering (École Supérieure d'Aéronautique et de Constructions Mécaniques), lilo ʻo ia ka mea ʻenekinia aeronautical puka mua o Argentine. No kekahi mau makahiki, ua hana ʻo de Arteaga ma Farani, e loaʻa ana ka ʻike kūpono i ka mea kanu mokulele kūloko a me ka Eiffel Aerodynamic Laboratory (Laboratoire Aérodynamique Eiffel). Ma ka lā 14 o Dekemaba, 1922, he mau pule ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i ʻAmelika, ua koho ʻia ʻo de Arteaga i poʻo o ke Keʻena ʻOihana (Departamento Técnico) o ka lawelawe mokulele koa (Servicio Aeronáutico del Ejército, SAE), i hana ʻia ma Pepeluali 3, 1920 i loko o ka hale. o na Puali Aina Argentine (Ejército Argentino ). I ka makahiki 1923, hoʻomaka ʻo de Arteaga e aʻo ma ke Kula Koa Koa (Colegio Militar) a me ke Kula ʻOihana Koa (Escuela Militar de Aviación, EMA).

I ka makahiki 1924, ua lilo ʻo de Arteaga i lālā o ke Komisina Kūʻai mokulele a me nā mea kaua (Comisión de Adquisición de Material de Vuelo y Armamentos), i hoʻouna ʻia i ʻEulopa e kūʻai i nā mokulele no nā Pūʻali ʻĀina. ʻO ia ka manawa i manaʻo ai ʻo ia i ka hana ʻana i kahi hale hana ma Argentina, e hoʻomaikaʻi iā SAE e hiki ke kūʻokoʻa i nā mokulele a me nā mīkini i lawe ʻia mai a hoʻohana pono i nā kālā liʻiliʻi. ʻO kahi hale hana ponoʻī kekahi e hoʻoikaika i ka ʻoihana a me ka hoʻomohala waiwai o ka ʻāina. Ua loaʻa i ka manaʻo o De Arteaga ke kākoʻo o ka Pelekikena ʻAmelika ʻo Marcelo Torcuato de Alveara a me ke Kuhina Kaua, ʻo Col. Eng. Agustín Pedro Justo.

Ma ke noi a de Arteaga, ua lilo kekahi hapa o ke kālā no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mīkini, nā lako a me nā laikini e pono ai e hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana o nā mokulele a me nā mīkini ma ka ʻāina. Ma Great Britain, ua kūʻai ʻia nā laikini no ka hana ʻana i nā mokulele hoʻomaʻamaʻa Avro 504R a me Bristol F.2B Fighter mokulele, a ma Farani no ka hana ʻana i nā mokulele Dewoitine D.21 a me 12 hp Lorraine-Dietrich 450-cylinder engines. No ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia nā mea kikoʻī he nui ma Argentina ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻoihana metallurgical a me ka ʻenehana, ua kūʻai ʻia ka nui o nā mea a me nā mea hana a me nā subassemblies ma ʻEulopa.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā no ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka hale hana, i kapa mua ʻia ʻo ka National Aircraft Factory (Fábrica Nacional de Aviones), ua waiho ʻia i nā luna o ʻApelika i ʻApelila 1926. Ma ka lā 8 o Iune, ua koho ke aupuni i komisina kūikawā e hoʻokō i ka hoʻopukapuka, o ua lilo o de Arteaga i lala. Ua ʻae ʻia ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka pae mua o ke kūkulu ʻana ma ʻOkakopa 4. ʻO ka General Inspector of Land Forces (Inspector General del Ejército), ʻo General José Félix Uriburu, i ka makahiki 1925 i manaʻo ʻia, no nā kumu hoʻolālā, pono e noho ka hale hana ma Córdoba, ma ke kikowaena o ka ʻāina (ma kahi o 700 km mai Buenos Aires) , mamao loa mai na palena o na aina e pili ana.

Loaʻa kahi kahua kūpono ma kahi o 5 km mai ke kikowaena o ke kūlanakauhale ma ke ala i San Roque, e kū pono ana i ke kahua mokulele o ka hui lele lele kūloko (Aero Club Las Playas de Córdoba). ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka pōhaku kumu i mālama ʻia ma Nowemapa 10, 1926, a ma Ianuali 2, 1927, hoʻomaka ka hana hana. ʻO ka hana o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hale hana i hāʻawi ʻia iā de Arteaga.

Ma Iulai 18, 1927, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka inoa o ka hale hana i ka Military Aircraft Factory (Fábrica Militar de Aviones, FMA). Ua wehe ʻia kona ʻaha kūkā i mua o nā luna lehulehu i ka lā 10 ʻOkakopa. I kēlā manawa, ʻewalu mau hale o ka hale hana me ka nui o 8340 m2, ʻo ka paka mīkini he 100 mau mea hana mīkini, a ʻo ka poʻe holo moku he 193 mau kānaka. Ua lilo ʻo De Arteaga i luna nui o ka FMA.

I Feberuari 1928, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka lua o ka pae o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā, ma lalo o ia, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻekolu laboratories (engines, strength and aerodynamics), kahi keʻena hoʻolālā, ʻehā hale hana, ʻelua hale kūʻai, hale ʻaina a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe. Ma hope mai, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kolu o ka māhele, ua loaʻa i ka FMA ʻekolu mau keʻena nui: ʻo ka mea mua i komo i ka directorate, ka nānā ʻana i ka hana, ke keʻena hoʻolālā, ka waihona o nā palapala ʻenehana, nā laboratories a me ka hoʻokele; ʻO ka lua - nā papa hana hana mokulele a me nā propeller, a ʻo ke kolu - nā papa hana hana ʻenekini.

I kēia manawa, ma ka lā 4 o Mei, 1927, ua hoʻokumu nā luna o ʻAmelika i ka General Aviation Administration (Dirección General de Aeronáutica, DGA), nona ka hana e hoʻonohonoho, mālama a mālama i nā hana mokulele āpau ma ka ʻāina. I loko o ka DGA, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Aeronautical Technology Board (Dirección de Aerotécnica), kuleana no ka noiʻi, hoʻolālā, hana a me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o nā mokulele. Ua lilo ʻo De Arteaga i poʻo o ka Aviation Technology Board, nāna i mālama pono i ka FMA. Mahalo i kona mākaukau nui, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka hale hana i loko o ka manawa paʻakikī loa o ka pilikia hoʻokele honua, a ua hoʻopilikia pū ʻia ʻo Argentina. Ma muli o ke keakea nui ʻana o nā luna mokuʻāina hou i ka hana ʻana o ka hale hana, ma ka lā 11 Pepeluali, 1931, ua haʻalele ʻo de Arteaga i luna o ka FMA. Ua pani ʻia ʻo ia e ka ʻenekini mokulele ʻo Capt. ʻO Bartolomé de la Colina, nāna i mālama i ka hale hana a hiki i Kepakemapa 1936.

Hoʻomaka o ka hana - FMA

Ua hoʻomaka ʻo FMA i kāna hana me ka hana laikini o Avro 504R Gosport hoʻomaʻamaʻa mokulele. ʻO ka mea mua o nā kope i kūkulu ʻia he 34 i haʻalele i ka hale hana ma Iulai 18, 1928. Ua lele ʻia e kahi hoʻokele koa, Sgt. Segundo A. Yubel ʻAukake 20. Ma ka lā 14 o Pepeluali i ka makahiki 1929, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻenekini Lorraine-Dietrich mua i hana ʻia e ka laikini ma ka dynamometer. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenekini o kēia ʻano e hoʻoikaika i nā mea kaua Dewoitine D.21. ʻO ka hana ʻana o kēia mau mokulele ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī no ka hui ʻōpio ma mua o ka Avro 504R, no ka mea, ʻo ka D.21 he hana metala āpau me kahi uhi uhi o nā ʻēheu a me nā empennage. Ua lele ʻia ke kope mua ma ʻOkakopa 15, 1930. I loko o ʻelua makahiki, ua kūkulu ʻia he 32 D.21. ʻEono Bristol F.1930B pūʻali koa i hana pū ʻia ma waena o 1931 a me 2, akā ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau mokulele i ka wā kahiko a ʻaʻohe mokulele i kūkulu ʻia.

ʻO ka mokulele mua i kūkulu kūʻokoʻa ʻia ma FMA ma ka inoa o DGA ʻo ia ka mākaʻikaʻi Ae.C.1 - he monoplane ʻēheu haʻahaʻa cantilever me kahi hale noho ʻekolu i uhi ʻia a me kahi pae pae huila ʻelua paʻa me kahi wīwī huelo. ʻO ka fuselage a me ka empennage he ʻano huila i hana ʻia me nā paipu kila welded, ua hana ʻia nā ʻēheu i ka lāʻau, a ua uhi ʻia ka mea holoʻokoʻa me ke kāwele a me kekahi hapa me ka metala (he ʻano like nā mokulele i kūkulu ʻia ma FMA). Ua lele ʻia ka mokulele ma ʻOkakopa 28, 1931 e Sgt. Jose Honorio Rodriguez. Ma hope mai, ua kūkulu hou ʻia ka Ae.C.1 ma ke ʻano he ʻelua noho kaʻa kaʻa wehe a loaʻa ka mīkini i kahi cowling NACA ma kahi o ke apo Townend. I ka makahiki 1933, ua kūkulu hou ʻia ka mokulele no ka lua o ka manawa, i kēia manawa i kahi mana hoʻokahi noho me kahi pahu wahie hou i loko o ka fuselage.

Ma ʻApelila 18, 1932, Sgt. Ua lele ʻo Rodríguez i ka mokulele mua o ʻelua Ae.C.2 i kūkulu ʻia, aneane like i ka hoʻolālā a me nā ana me ka Ae.C.1 ma kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻelua noho. Ma ke kumu o ka Ae.C.2, ua hana ʻia ka mokulele hoʻomaʻamaʻa pūʻali koa Ae.ME1, ua lele ʻia ka prototype ma ʻOkakopa 9, 1932. ʻO ia ka mokulele mua i hana nui ʻia o ka hana hale - ʻehiku kope i kūkulu ʻia ma ke kahua. me ka prototype. ʻO ka mokulele ʻē aʻe ʻo ia ka mokulele māmā Ae.T.1. Ua lele ʻia ka mua o ʻekolu kope i kūkulu ʻia ma ʻApelila 15, 1933 e Sgt. ʻO Rodriguez. Ma waho aʻe o ʻelua mau pailaka e noho ʻaoʻao ana ma kahi keʻena hāmama, hiki i ka Ae.T.1 ke lawe i ʻelima mau ohua i loko o kahi keʻena i uhi ʻia a me kahi mea hoʻokele lekiō.

ʻO ka mokulele ʻike Ae.MO1, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke aʻo ʻana ʻo Ae.ME1, ua lilo i mea lanakila nui. Ua lele kona prototype ma Ianuali 25, 1934. No ka mokulele kaua, ua hana ʻia ʻelua pūʻulu o nā kope 41. ʻEono mau mīkini ʻē aʻe, ʻokoʻa i kahi ʻēheu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa o ka pahu hope, ʻano huelo a me NACA type engine uhi, ua kūkulu ʻia no ke kumu o ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea nānā. Ma hope koke iho, ua kapa hou ʻia ka mokulele i hoʻohana ʻia no ia mau hana ʻo Ae.M.Oe.1. Ma na kope he 14 e hiki mai ana, ua hoailona ia o Ae.M.Oe.2, ua hoololi ia ka empennage a me ka pale makani ma ke alo o ka cockpit. Ua lele ka mua o lākou i ka lā 7 o Iune, 1934. Ua hoʻololi pū ʻia ka mana Ae.M.Oe.2 i ʻāpana o ka Ae.MO1. I ka huina, 1937 Ae.MO61, Ae.M.Oe.1 a me Ae.M.Oe.1 i kukuluia e 2. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou i lawelawe i ka mokulele kaua Argentine a hiki i 1946.

ʻO ka mokulele kīwila hou i kūkulu ʻia ma FMA, ʻo ia ka Ae.C.3 noho ʻelua, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma ka Ae.C.2. ʻO ka lele mua ʻana o ka prototype i mālama ʻia ma Malaki 27, 1934. Ua ʻike koke ʻia he maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​hiʻohiʻona lele o ka Ae.C.3 a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka maneuverability, ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā mea hoʻokele ʻike ʻole. ʻOiai ua kūkulu ʻia nā kope he 16, he kakaikahi wale nō i lele i nā hui lele, a ʻehā i lawelawe a hiki i ka makahiki 1938 i ka mokulele kaua.

I ka lā 9 o Iune, 1935, ua lele ka prototype o ka Ae.MB1 light bomber. Ma ka pūnāwai o 1936, ua hana ʻia nā kope serial 14, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Bombi" e nā mea hoʻokele, ʻokoʻa i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe. he cockpit uhi, he canvas uhi o ka hapa nui o ka fuselage, he i hoonuiia vertical huelo a me ka hemispherical rotating pu turret ma luna o ka fuselage, a me ka Wright R-1820-E1 engine, i hana 'ia ma FMA ma lalo o ka laikini. I ka makahiki 1938–1939, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā Ae.MB1 a pau (12 kope) i ka mana Ae.MB2. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona hope loa mai ka lawelawe ʻana ma 1948.

Ma ka la 21 o Novemaba, 1935, ua hoolele ia ka mokulele lapaau Ae.MS1, kahi i hoohanaia ai na eheu, empennage a me na mea pae mai ka Ae.M.Oe.1. Hiki i ka mokulele ke lawe i ʻeono mau kānaka - he pailaka, he paramedic a ʻehā mau maʻi a ʻeha paha ma luna o nā kau. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona wale nō o ka Ae.MS1 i kūkulu ʻia i lawelawe ʻia ma ka mokulele kaua a hiki i 1946. Ma Nowemapa 1935, ua hoʻopau ʻia ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka tunnel makani ʻano Eiffel-type mua ma ʻAmelika Hema me ke anawaena o 1,5 m. Ua hoʻomaka ka hana ma ʻAukake 20. , 1936.

Ma ka lā 21 o Ianuali, 1936, ua lele ʻo Lt. Pablo G. Passio i ka prototype o ka mokulele Ae.C.3G mau noho ʻelua me ke kūkulu ʻana e like me ka Ae.C.3. ʻO ia ka mokulele Argentine mua i hoʻolako ʻia me nā ʻōpala pae. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ke aʻo ʻana a me nā huakaʻi huakaʻi. Ua hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia ka airframe aerodynamically e hoʻonui i ka hana a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano lele. ʻEkolu laʻana o ka Ae.C.3G i kūkulu ʻia i lawelawe ʻia ma ka Air Force a hiki i ka makahiki 1942. ʻO kahi hoʻomohala ʻana o ka Ae.C.3G ʻo ia ka Ae.C.4, i lele ʻia e Lt. Passio ma ʻOkakopa 17, 1936.