F / A-18 Hornet
F/A-18C mai VFA-34 "Blue Blaster" squadron. Aia ka mokulele i kahi livery kūikawā i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e pili ana i ka lele kaua hope loa i ka mōʻaukala o ka US Navy Hornets, i hana ʻia ma luna o ka mokulele mokulele USS Carl Vinson mai Ianuali a ʻApelila 2018.
I ʻApelila o kēia makahiki, ua hoʻopau ka US Navy (USN) i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā F / A-18 Hornet airborne homing fighter ma nā pūʻali kaua, a ma ʻOkakopa, ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā mea hakakā o kēia ʻano mai nā pūʻulu hoʻomaʻamaʻa o ka Navy. Ke lawelawe mau nei nā mea kaua F/A-18 Hornet me nā pūʻali koa o ka United States Marine Corps (USMC), e manaʻo nei e hana iā lākou a hiki i 2030-2032. Ma waho aʻe o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻehiku mau ʻāina nona nā F / A-18 Hornet fighter: Australia, Finland, Sepania, Kanada, Kuwait, Malaysia a me Switzerland. Manaʻo ka hapa nui e mālama iā lākou i ka lawelawe no ʻumi makahiki hou. ʻO ka mea hoʻohana mua e wehe iā lākou ʻo Kuwait paha, a ʻo Sepania ka mea hope.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka mokulele mokulele Hornet no ka US Navy i hui pū ʻia e McDonnel Douglas a me Northrop (ʻo Boeing a me Northrop Grumman i kēia manawa). ʻO ka lele ʻana o ka mokulele i mālama ʻia ma Nowemapa 18, 1978. ʻEiwa mau mokulele noho hoʻokahi, i koho ʻia ʻo F-9A, a me 18 mau mokulele noho pālua, i koho ʻia ʻo TF-2A, i komo i nā hoʻokolohua. ʻO nā hoʻāʻo mua ma luna o ka mokulele mokulele - USS America - hoʻomaka i ʻOkakopa 18 o ka makahiki. I kēia manawa o ka papahana, ua hoʻoholo ka USN ʻaʻole pono ia i ʻelua mau hoʻololi o ka mokulele - kahi mea hakakā a me kahi hahau. No laila ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka inoa exotic "F / A". Ua koho ʻia ka ʻokoʻa noho hoʻokahi F/A-1979A a me ka noho pālua F/A-18B. Ua hoʻololi nā pūʻali koa e loaʻa i nā koa hou i kā lākou inoa leka mai VF (Fighter Squadron) a me VA (Strike Squadron) i: VFA (Strike Fighter Squadron), ʻo ia hoʻi. pūʻali koa-bomber squadron.
Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka F/A-18A/B Hornet i nā pūʻali koa US Navy i Pepeluali 1981. Ua hoʻomaka nā pūʻali koa US Marine e loaʻa iā lākou i ka makahiki 1983. Ua pani lākou iā McDonnel Douglas A-4 Skyhawk hoʻouka mokulele a me LTV A-7 Corsair II mau mea hoʻouka kaua. , McDonnell ʻO Douglas F-4 Phantom II nā mea kaua a me kā lākou hōʻailona hōʻailona - RF-4B. A hiki i ka makahiki 1987, ua hana ʻia nā 371 F / A-18A (i nā poloka hana 4 a 22), a ma hope ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hana i ka ʻano F / A-18C. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa noho ʻelua, ka F/A-18B, i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, akā ua mālama kēia mau mokulele i nā mana hakakā piha o ka ʻano noho hoʻokahi. Mahalo i ke kaʻa lōʻihi, paʻa ka mana B i 6 pakeneka o nā pahu i loko. emi wahie ma mua o ka noho hoʻokahi mana. Ua kūkulu ʻia he 39 mau F/A-18B i nā poloka hana 4 a 21.
ʻO ka lele ʻana o ka F/A-18 Hornet multirole homing fighter i mālama ʻia ma Nowemapa 18, 1978. A hiki i ka makahiki 2000, ua kūkulu ʻia nā mokulele 1488 o kēia ʻano.
I nā makahiki 80 mua, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Northrop i kahi mana hoʻokumu ʻāina o ka Hornet, i kapa ʻia ʻo F-18L. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka mea hakakā no nā mākeke honua - no nā mea loaʻa i manaʻo e hoʻohana wale iā lākou mai nā kumu honua. ʻAʻohe o ka F-18L i nā ʻāpana "ma luna o ka papa" - kahi makau pae, kahi puʻu catapult a me kahi mīkini pelu ʻēheu. Ua loaʻa pū i ka mea hakakā kahi chassis māmā. Ua ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka F-18L ma mua o ka F/A-18A, i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokele, e like me ka F-16 fighter. I kēia manawa, hāʻawi ʻo Northrop hoa ʻo McDonnel Douglas i ka F/A-18L fighter i nā mākeke honua. He ʻano hoʻemi iki wale nō ia o ka F/A-18A. Ua hoʻokūkū pololei ka hāʻawi ʻana me ka F-18L, a ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo Northrop iā McDonnell Douglas. Ua pau ka hakakā me McDonnell Douglas i kūʻai aku i ka F/A-50L mai Northrop no $18 miliona a e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana ʻo ia ke kuleana o ka subcontractor nui. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hopena, ua manaʻo ʻia ka mana kumu o ka F / A-18A / B no ka lawe ʻana aku, a ma ke noi a ka mea kūʻai aku, hiki ke wehe ʻia mai nā ʻōnaehana ma luna o ka papa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā mea hoʻoili kaua Hornet nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi mana ʻāina "kūikawā", ʻo ia ka F-18L.
I ka waena o nā makahiki 80, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi mana hoʻomaikaʻi o ka Hornet, i koho ʻia ʻo F / A-18C / D. Ua lele ka F/A-18C mua (BuNo 163427) i ka lā 3 o Kepakemapa, 1987. Ma waho, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka F/A-18C/D me ka F/A-18A/B. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻo Hornets F/A-18C/D i nā ʻenekini like me ka mana A/B, ʻo ia hoʻi. Uila Nui F404-GE-400. ʻO nā mea hou koʻikoʻi i hoʻokō ʻia ma ka mana C, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā Martin-Baker SJU-17 NACES Ejection Seats (Common Navy Crew Ejection Seat), nā lolouila mikiona hou, nā ʻōnaehana uila uila, a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa leo lele kūʻē i ka pōʻino. Ua hoʻololi ʻia nā mea hakakā no nā missiles hou AIM-120 AMRAAM air-to-air, AGM-65F Maverick thermal imaging missiles a me AGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles.
Mai ka makahiki fiscal 1988, ua hana ʻia ka F/A-18C i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka Night Attack, e ʻae ana i ka hana ʻana i ka ea i ka honua i ka pō a me nā kūlana ʻano paʻakikī. Ua hoʻololi ʻia nā mea hakakā e lawe i ʻelua pahu: Hughes AN / AAR-50 NAVFLIR (infrared navigation system) a me Loral AN / AAS-38 Nite HAWK (infrared guidance system). Hoʻolako ʻia ka cockpit me kahi hōʻike poʻo poʻo AV/AVQ-28 (HUD) (raster kiʻi), ʻelua 127 x 127 mm color multifunctional displays (MFD) mai Kaiser (hoʻololi i nā hōʻike monochrome) a me kahi hōʻike hoʻokele e hōʻike ana i kahi kikohoʻe, kala. , hoʻoneʻe Smith Srs palapala 'āina 2100 (TAMMAC - Tactical Aircraft Moving Map Capability). Hoʻololi ʻia ka cockpit no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā maka ʻike maka pō ʻo GEC Cat's Eyes (NVG). Mai Ianuali 1993, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka mana hou loa o ka pahu AN / AAS-38, i hoʻolako ʻia me ka laser target designator a me ka range finder, i nā mea hana o ka Hornets, mahalo i hiki i nā mea hoʻokele Hornets ke kuhikuhi kūʻokoʻa i nā pahuhopu honua no ke alakaʻi laser. . mea kaua (pono a lawe ʻia e nā mokulele ʻē aʻe). Ua hoʻomaka ka prototype F / A-18C Night Hawk i ka lā 6 o Mei, 1988. Ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ka "pō" Hornets i Nowemapa 1989 ma ke ʻano he 29th production block (mai ka 138th kope).
I Ianuali 1991, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ʻenekini General Electric F36-GE-404 EPE (Enhanced Performance Engine) ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana hana 402 ma Hornety. Hoʻopuka kēia mau mīkini ma kahi o 10 pakeneka. ʻoi aku ka mana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka moʻo "-400". I ka makahiki 1992, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka hoʻokomo ʻana o kahi Hughes hou a ikaika loa (i kēia manawa ʻo Raytheon) ʻano AN / APG-18 airborne radar ma ka F / A-73C / D. Ua pani ia i ka radar Hughes AN/APG-65 i hoʻokomo mua ʻia. ʻO ka lele ʻana o ka F / A-18C me ka radar hou i mālama ʻia ma ʻApelila 15, 1992. Mai ia manawa, hoʻomaka ka mea kanu e hoʻokomo i ka radar AN / APG-73. Ma nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia mai ka makahiki 1993, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hoʻolaha anti-radiation ʻehā keʻena a me AN / ALE-47 thermal interference cassettes, kahi i pani ai i ka AN / ALE-39 kahiko, a me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha radiation AN / ALR-67 i hoʻonui ʻia, ua hoʻomaka. . .
I ka wā mua, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka Night Hawk i ka F/A-18D noho ʻelua. Ua hana ʻia nā kope 29 mua i loko o kahi hoʻonohonoho hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua me nā mana hakakā kumu o ka Model C. I ka makahiki 1988, ma ke kauoha kūikawā a ka US Marine Corps, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi mana hoʻouka o ka F / A-18D, hiki ke hana i loko. nā kūlana aniau a pau. ua kūkulu ʻia. ʻO ka cockpit hope, me ka ʻole o kahi lāʻau hoʻomalu, ua hoʻololi ʻia no nā ʻōnaehana hakakā (WSO - Weapons Systems Officer). Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua mau mea hauʻoli no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā mea kaua a me nā ʻōnaehana ma luna o ka papa, a me kahi hōʻike palapala hoʻoneʻe ʻia ma luna o ka papa hoʻokele. Ua loaʻa i ka F/A-18D kahi pōʻai holoʻokoʻa Night Hawk model C. Ua lele ka F/A-18D (BuNo 163434) i hoʻololi ʻia ma St. Petersburg. Louis 6 Mei 1988 ʻO ka hana mua F/A-18D Night Hawk (BuNo 163986) ʻo ia ke kumu hoʻohālike D mua i kūkulu ʻia ma ka Block 29.
Ua kauoha ka US Navy i 96 F/A-18D Night Hawks, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea i lilo i ʻāpana o ka Marine Corps.
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau pūʻali koa VMA (AW), kahi e kū ai nā leka AW no All-Weather, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano o ke aniau. Ua pani mua ka F/A-18D i ka mokulele hoʻouka kaua Grumman A-6E Intruder. Ma hope mai, hoʻomaka lākou e hana i ka hana o ka mea i kapa ʻia. nā mea hoʻoponopono ea no ka wikiwiki a me ke kākoʻo ea - FAC (A) / TAC (A). Ua pani lākou i ka McDonnell Douglas OA-4M Skyhawk a me North American Rockwell OV-10A/D Bronco mokulele ma kēia kuleana. Mai ka makahiki 1999, ua lawe pū ʻo F/A-18D i nā mikiona hoʻokalakupua ea i hana mua ʻia e nā mea kaua RF-4B Phantom II. Ua hiki kēia ma muli o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o Martin Marietta ATARS (Advanced Tactical Airborne Reconnaissance System) tactical reconnaissance system. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ATARS "palletized" i loko o ke keʻena o ka M61A1 Vulcan 20 mm multi-barrel gun, i wehe ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ATARS.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mokulele me ka ʻōnaehana ATARS e kahi fairing hiʻohiʻona me nā puka makani e kū ana ma lalo o ka ihu o ka mokulele. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka hana e hoʻokomo a wehe paha i ka ATARS i loko o kekahi mau hola ma ke kahua. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka Marine Corps i ka ok.48 F / A-18D no nā mikiona ʻike. Ua loaʻa i kēia mau mokulele ka inoa ʻole F/A-18D (RC). I kēia manawa, hiki i ka reconnaissance Hornets ke hoʻouna i nā kiʻi a me nā kiʻi neʻe mai ka ʻōnaehana ATARS i ka manawa maoli i ka poʻe loaʻa. Ua hoʻololi pū ʻia ka F/A-18D(RC) no ka lawe ʻana i nā pahu Loral AN/UPD-8 me kahi radar nānā ʻaoʻao ea (SLAR) ma ka pylon fuselage waena.
Ma ʻAukake 1, 1997, ua loaʻa ʻo McDonnell Douglas e Boeing, a ua lilo ʻo ia i "mea nona ka inoa". ʻO ke kikowaena hana o ka Hornets, a ma hope o ka Super Hornets, aia nō ma St. Petersburg. Louis. He 466 F/A-18C a me 161 F/A-18D i kūkulu ʻia no ka US Navy. Hoʻopau ʻia ka hana ʻana o ke kumu hoʻohālike C/D i ka makahiki 2000. ʻO ka pūʻulu hope loa o F / A-18C i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ma Finland. I ʻAukake 2000, ua hāʻawi ʻia i ka Finnish Air Force. ʻO ka Hornet hope loa i hana ʻia ʻo ia ka F/A-18D, i ʻae ʻia e ka US Marine Corps i ʻAukake 2000.
ʻO ka hana hou "A+" a me "A++"
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka papahana hoʻonaʻauao Hornet mua i ka waena o 90s a ua hoʻokomo wale ʻia ka F / A-18A. Ua hoʻololi ʻia nā mea hakakā me AN / APG-65 radars, i hiki ai ke lawe i nā missiles air-to-air AIM-120 AMRAAM. Ua hoʻololi pū ʻia ka F/A-18A no ka lawe ʻana i ka AN/AAQ-28(V) Litening kiaʻi a me nā modula huli.
ʻO ka ʻanuʻu aʻe ʻo ke koho ʻana ma kahi o 80 F / A-18A me ka waiwai lōʻihi loa a me nā pahu ea i koe i kahi kūlana maikaʻi loa. Ua hoʻolako ʻia lākou me nā radar AN / APG-73 a me nā mea ponoʻī o C avionics. Ua hōʻailona ʻia kēia mau kope me ka hōʻailona A +. Ma hope mai, ua loaʻa iā 54 mau ʻāpana A+ ka pūʻolo avionics e like me ka mea i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka model C. A laila ua hōʻailona ʻia lākou F/A-18A++. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Hornets F / A-18A + / A ++ e hoʻokō i nā ʻauwaʻa o F / A-18C / D. I ke komo ʻana o nā pūʻali koa F / A-18E / F Super Hornet hou i ka lawelawe, ua hoʻoili ʻia kekahi A + a me A ++ a pau e ka US Navy i ka Marine Corps.
Ua hoʻokomo pū nā US Marines i kā lākou F/A-18A ma o kahi papahana hoʻololi hou ʻelua, akā naʻe, ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe mai ka US Navy. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka maʻamau A +, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā radar AN/APG-73, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele satellite-inertial GPS/INS, a me ka ʻōnaehana hou AN/ARC-111 Identification Friend or Foe (IFF). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hornet kai i hoʻolako ʻia me lākou e nā antennae ʻano ma ka ihu i mua o ka fairing (i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā ʻoki manu").
I ka lua o ka hana hou - i ka A ++ maʻamau - ua hoʻolako ʻia ka USMC Hornet, me nā hōʻike aniani wai kala (LCD), nā hōʻike mahiole JHMCS, SJU-17 NACES mau noho ejection a me AN / ALE-47 blocking cartridge ejectors. ʻAʻole haʻahaʻa loa nā mana hakakā o ka F / A-18A ++ Hornet i ka F / A-18C, a e like me ka nui o nā pailaka i ʻoi aku ma mua o lākou, no ka mea, ua lako lākou me nā ʻāpana avionics hou aʻe.
