ʻO ke au o nā pahu kaʻa ʻokoʻa
ʻO ke au o nā pahu kaʻa ʻokoʻa
Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kaʻa kaʻa mua iā Mark I i ke kaua i ka makahiki 1916 e ka poʻe Pelekania ma ke kaua ʻo Somme i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka pūʻali koa. ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua nui mua i hana ʻia i ke kaua ʻo Cambrai i ka makahiki 1917. I ka makahiki XNUMXth o kēia mau hanana, e ʻae iaʻu e hōʻike i kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia a me nā manaʻo o nā kaʻa - nā hoʻolālā kūʻokoʻa a paradoxical.
ʻO nā kaʻa kaʻa kaua mua i kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX, i hoʻolako pinepine ʻia me kahi pū mīkini a i ʻole nā kuniahi māmā. I ka wā lōʻihi, ma luna o nā kaʻa nui a ʻoi aku ka nui, ua hoʻonui ka nui o nā mea kaua a me ka caliber. I kēlā manawa, wikiwiki lākou a pale maikaʻi i ka poʻe holo mai ke ahi pū a me nā ʻāpana. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa iā lākou kahi drawback koʻikoʻi: hana maikaʻi ʻole lākou a ʻaʻole hana iki.
ma waho o nā alanui paʻa...
No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia, mai ka hopena o 1914 ma Great Britain, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e hōʻoia i nā luna o ke Keʻena Kaua Pelekane no ka pono e kūkulu i nā kaʻa kaua kaua e pili ana i nā traktor mahiʻai anuhe. Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo mua ma kēia kuhikuhi ma 1911 (e ka Austrian Günter Burstyn a me ka Australian Lancelot de Molay), akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia e nā mea hoʻoholo. I kēia manawa, akā naʻe, ua hana ia, a hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka poʻe Pelekania, Lieutenant Colonel Ernest Swinton, Major Walter Gordon Wilson a me William Tritton, ua hoʻolālā a kūkulu i kahi prototype o ka pahu liʻiliʻi Willie (Little Willie), a me nā hana iā lākou iho - e hūnā. lākou - ua hūnā ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa code Tank. Hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia huaʻōlelo ma nā ʻōlelo he nui e wehewehe i kahi pahu.
Ma ke ala o ka ulu ʻana o ka manaʻo a hiki i Ianuali 1916, ua kūkulu ʻia a hoʻāʻo maikaʻi ʻia nā prototypes o nā kaʻa ʻano daimana kaulana ʻo Mark I (Big Willie, Big Willy). ʻO lākou ka poʻe mua i komo i ke kaua ʻo Somme i Kepakemapa 1916, a ua lilo pū kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ke komo ʻana o Pelekane i ke Kaua Honua Mua. Ua hana ʻia nā pahu pahu Mark I a me ko lākou mau hope ma nā ʻano ʻelua: "kāne" (Kane), me nā pūkuniahi 2 a me 3 mau pū mīkini (2 x 57 mm a me 3 x 8 mm Hotchkiss) a me "female" (Female), me 5 nā pū mīkini pū (1 x 8 mm Hotchkiss a me 4 x 7,7 mm Vickers), akā i nā mana hope, ua loli nā kikoʻī o nā mea kaua.
ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o Mark I he 27 a me 28 tons i hui pū ʻia; ʻO ko lākou ʻano hiʻohiʻona he hull liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma waena o nā hale ʻano daimana nui me nā sponsons pale kaua ma nā ʻaoʻao, i paʻa paʻa ʻia e nā enuhe. He 6 a 12 mm ka mānoanoa o ka pale kaua riveted a pale wale ʻia mai ke ahi pū mīkini. He ʻōnaehana hoʻokele paʻakikī loa, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi ʻenekini 16-cylinder Daimler-Knight me 105 hp. a me ʻelua pūʻulu pahu pahu a me nā puʻupuʻu, koi ʻia 4 poʻe e hana - he 8 mau hui holoʻokoʻa - 2 no kēlā me kēia mele. No laila, nui loa ka pahu (9,92 m ka lōʻihi me ka "huelo" e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻomalu a lanakila i nā auwaha, 4,03 m ākea me nā sponsons a me 2,44 m kiʻekiʻe) a me ka wikiwiki haʻahaʻa (ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 6 km / h), akā ʻo ia. He ala maikaʻi loa ia no ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka puali hele wāwae. He 150 ka nui o nā pahu pahu Mark I i hāʻawi ʻia, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumu hoʻohālike i hahai i kona hoʻomohala ʻana.
