ʻO ke kaʻa uila i ka mōʻaukala: nā kaʻa uila mua | Nani ka pila

Manaʻo pinepine ʻia ke kaʻa uila he mea hou a i ʻole ke kaʻa o ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua puni ia mai ka makahiki XNUMX: no laila, ʻaʻole hou ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā kaʻa ʻenekini puhi ahi a me nā kaʻa uila.

Nā prototype mua me ka pākaukau 

ʻO nā prototypes mua o nā kaʻa uila ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 1830. E like me ka nui o nā mea i hana ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea kākau moʻolelo ke kuhikuhi i ka lā a me ka ʻike o ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke kaʻa uila. He kumu hoʻopaʻapaʻa maoli nō kēia, akā, hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi i ka mahalo i kekahi poʻe.  

ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo Robert Anderson, he kanaka kālepa Scottish, i ka makahiki 1830 i hoʻomohala i kahi ʻano kaʻa uila i hoʻohana ʻia e nā electromagnets ʻewalu i hoʻohana ʻia e nā ʻenekini hiki ʻole ke hoʻouka hou ʻia. A laila, ma kahi o 1835, ua hoʻolālā ʻo ʻAmelika Thomas Davenport i ke kaʻa uila ʻoihana mua a hana i kahi locomotive uila liʻiliʻi.

No laila, ʻo kēia mau kaʻa uila ʻelua ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kaʻa uila, akā ua hoʻohana lākou i nā ʻeke uila ʻole.

I ka makahiki 1859, ua hana ka Farani Gaston Planté i ka mea mua pākaukau rechargeable ʻakika alakaʻi, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1881 e ka mea electrochemist ʻo Camilla Fore. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi kēia hana i ke ola pākaukau a no laila hāʻawi i ka kaʻa uila i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ka hiki ʻana mai o ke kaʻa uila

ʻO ka hana i hana ʻia ma luna o nā pila i hānau ʻia nā kumu hoʻohālike kaʻa uila hilinaʻi mua.

ʻIke mua mākou i kahi hiʻohiʻona i hana ʻia e Camille Faure ma ke ʻano o kāna hana ma ka pākaukau, me kāna mau hoa Palani ʻo Nicolas Raffard, he ʻenekinia mīkini, a me Charles Jeanteau, kahi mea hana kaʻa. 

Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Gustave Fund, ʻenekinia uila a me ka mea hoʻolālā kaʻa uila kaʻa uila hoʻomohala ʻia e Siemens, hoʻolako ʻia me kahi pākaukau. Ua hoʻololi mua ʻia kēia ʻenekini i ka waʻa a laila kau ʻia ma luna o kahi kaʻa kaʻa.

I ka makahiki 1881, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia kaʻa kaʻa uila ma ka Paris International Electricity Show.

I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻolauna pū ʻia ʻelua mau ʻenekini Pelekane ʻo William Ayrton lāua ʻo John Perry i ka uila uila. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kēia kaʻa ma mua o ka mea i hana ʻia e Gustave Found: kahi ākea o iwakālua mau kilomita, kahi wikiwiki a hiki i 15 km / h, kahi kaʻa ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a me nā kukui kukui.

No ka holomua o ke kaʻa, manaʻo kekahi poʻe kākau moʻolelo ʻo ia ka kaʻa uila mua, ʻo ia hoʻi ka German Autovision Museum. 

Piʻi ma ka mākeke

 I ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mākeke kaʻa i ka mīkini ʻaila, ʻenekini mahu a me nā kaʻa uila.

Mahalo i nā holomua i hana ʻia ma ke kahua tricycle, e lilo ka kaʻa uila i mea ʻenehana a loaʻa kekahi kūleʻa i ka pōʻaiapili o ka ʻoihana waiwai, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, e hoʻomaikaʻi mālie nā ʻenekini Farani, ʻAmelika a me Pelekane i nā kaʻa uila e hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou hana. 

I ka makahiki 1884 he ʻenekinia Pelekane Thomas Parker ua hana ʻia kekahi o nā kaʻa uila mua loa, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi mua i ʻike ʻia e hōʻike ana i kahi kaʻa uila. Na Thomas Parker ka hui ʻo Elwell-Parker, nāna i hana i nā pā a me nā dynamo.

Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i hoʻomohala i nā mea hana e hoʻoikaika ai i nā trams uila mua: ʻo ka tram uila mua o Pelekane ma Blackpool i ka makahiki 1885. He ʻenekinia ʻo ia no ka Metropolitan Railway Company a ua komo i ka electrification o London Underground.

Ke hoʻomaka nei nā kaʻa uila mua e kūʻai ʻia, a ʻo ia ka nui o nā ʻauwaʻa kaʻa no nā lawelawe kūlanakauhale.

Ke ulu nui nei ka holomua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kahi i hiki ai i ka poʻe New York ke hoʻohana i nā ʻauhau uila mua mai 1897. Ua hoʻolako ʻia nā kaʻa me nā pākī lead-acid a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā kikowaena kūikawā i ka pō.

Mahalo i ke kumu hoʻohālike Electrobat, i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka ʻenekinia ʻo Henry G. Morris a me ka chemist Pedro G. Salomon, ua paʻa ka kaʻa uila i 38% o ka mākeke kaʻa US.

Kaʻa uila: he kaʻa hoʻohiki  

Ua iho nā kaʻa uila i ka mōʻaukala automotive a ua loaʻa i ko lākou mau lā hanohano nui, wāwahi i nā moʻolelo a me nā heihei. I kēlā manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kaʻa uila i kā lākou mau mea hoʻokūkū wela.

I ka makahiki 1895, ua komo kekahi kaʻa uila i ka hui no ka manawa mua. ʻO kēia ka heihei ʻo Bordeaux-Paris me ke kaʻa o Charles Jeanteau: 7 mau lio a me 38 mau pahu Fulmain o 15 kg kēlā me kēia.

I ka makahiki 1899, ke kaʻa uila o Camilla Jenatzi "La Jamais Contente". ʻO kēia ke kaʻa mua ma ka mōʻaukala i ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 km / h. No ka ʻike ʻana i ka moʻolelo kupaianaha ma hope o kēia komo ʻana, kono mākou iā ʻoe e heluhelu i kā mākou ʻatikala piha e pili ana i kēia kumuhana.