Nā ʻenekini Toyota Ractis
Nā mea
I ka mākeke kaʻa kaʻa honua, ʻo nā kaʻa i ʻākoakoa i nā mea kanu o ka hui kaʻa kaʻa Iapana ʻo Toyota Motor Corporation i kaulana loa, i kēia manawa ke hāʻawi nei i nā mea kūʻai aku ma mua o 70 mau hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā kaʻa kaʻa i lako me nā mīkini o kāna hoʻolālā ponoʻī. Ma waena o kēia ʻano like ʻole, noho ʻia kahi wahi kūikawā e nā kaʻa compact o ka papa "Small MPV" (subcompact van), ka hana a ka hui i hoʻomaka ai ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i ke kaʻa mua ma nā hōʻike kaʻa ma Tokyo a me Frankfurt am Main ma 1997.
ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona, i kūkulu ʻia ma ke kahua ʻo Yaris, i hōʻailona i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi pūʻulu holoʻokoʻa o nā hiʻohiʻona like, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- Toyota Fun Сargo (1997, 1990);
- Toyota Yaris Verso (2000);
- Toyona Yaris T Sport (2000);
- Toyota Yaris D-4D (2002);
- Toyota Corolla (2005, 2010);
- Toyota Yaris Verso-S (2011).
Toyota Ractis. Ka huakaʻi i ka mōʻaukala
ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka Toyota Ractis subcompact van ma muli o ka pono e pani i ka Toyota Yaris Verso, ʻaʻole kaulana i ʻEulopa. Ua kūkulu ʻia kēia kŘkohu ma luna o kahi paepae NCP60 kiʻekiʻe loa a ua lako me nā ʻenekini 2SZ-FE (1300 cc, 87 hp) a me 1NZ-FE (1500 cc, 105 a i ʻole 110 hp).
I ka manawa like, ua hui pū ʻia nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa mua me nā Super CVT-i CVTs, a ua hui pū ʻia nā kaʻa holo kaʻa holoʻokoʻa me ʻehā-wikiwiki Super ECT.
ʻO ka hanauna mua o Toyota Ractis he kaʻa lima ʻākau a hāʻawi wale ʻia i ka mākeke kūloko o Iapana, a me Hong Kong, Singapore a me Macau. Ma muli o ka hoʻokūkū o ke kaʻa hou, ua hoʻoholo mua ka hoʻokele o ka hui e hoʻokō i ka restyling (2007), a laila e hoʻomohala i kāna hanauna ʻelua (2010).
ʻO ka lua o ka hanauna o ka Toyota Ractis subcompact van i hāʻawi ʻia ʻaʻole wale i ka mākeke Far East, akā i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika.
ʻO ka mana kumu o ke kaʻa i kēia manawa ua lako me nā mīkini ʻaila me ka mana o kahi 99 hp. (1300 cc) a i ʻole 105 ... 110 hp (1500 cc), a ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā kumu hoʻohālike mua a me nā huila āpau.
Nā ʻenekini Toyota Ractis
ʻO Subcompact van Toyota Ractis i nā hoʻololi like ʻole i hana ʻia ma mua o 10 mau makahiki. I loko o kēia manawa, ua hoʻolako ʻia ke kaʻa me nā ʻāpana uila a me nā mana diesel me ka mana cylinder o:
- 1,3 l - kaʻaila: 2SZ-FE (2005 ... 2010), 1NR-FE (2010 ... 2014), 1NR-FKE (2014 ...);
- 1,4 l - diesel 1ND-TV (2010 ...);
- 1,5 l - kaʻaila 1NZ-FE (2005 ...).
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mīkini kaʻa i ʻākoakoa ʻia ma nā hale hana o Toyota Motor Corporation e ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hilinaʻi o ka hana. Ua lawa ka ʻōlelo ʻana, e like me ka poʻe loea Lūkini, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻenekini Toyota i kūleʻa ʻole ʻia ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā mīkini home. Hoʻopili piha kēia i nā ʻāpana mana, i hoʻohana ʻia i nā manawa like ʻole e hōʻuluʻulu i ke kaʻa Toyota Ractis.
Nā ʻenekini ʻaila
ʻO nā ʻenekini a pau i kau ʻia ma nā kaʻa o ka Toyota Ractis lineup, me ka ʻokoʻa o ka mana mana 2SZ-FE, no ke kolu o ka hanauna o nā ʻenekini Iapana, ʻokoʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana o:
- hoʻopau (non-repairable) māmā-alloy lined cylinder blocks;
- ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele manawa "akamai" ʻano VVT-i;
- mīkini hoʻokaʻawale kinoea (manawa) me kahi kaulahao;
- ETCS ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu throttle uila.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻenekini a pau i hoʻolako ʻia me nā kaʻa Toyota Raktis e hōʻike ʻia e ka hana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā ʻano hana ʻenekini āpau e hōʻoia ʻia e:
- ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana uila uila (ʻo ka leka E ma ka inoa ʻenekini);
- ka lōʻihi maikaʻi loa o ka wehe ʻana i ka intake a me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka manawa (ka leka F i ka hoʻolālā engine).
Kaa 2SZ-FE
ʻO ka mīkini 2SZ-FE kahi ʻano hybrid o ka lua a me ke kolu o nā nalu o nā mana mana i kūkulu ʻia i kēlā manawa e nā mea hoʻolālā o Toyota Motor Corporation. I loko o kēia kaʻa, ua hoʻokō lākou i ka mālama ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā hoʻolālā mua, kahi hiʻohiʻona o ia mea he mau pahu pahu hao. Ua lawa nā palena o ka ikaika a me nā mea waiwai o ia mau poloka cylinder e hōʻoia ai, inā pono, ka hoʻoponopono piha ʻana o ka mana.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka wela nui i loaʻa mai ka lōʻihi o ka hahau ʻana o nā pistons ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia e ka hale pahu cylinder block nui, i kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano wela maikaʻi loa o ka mīkini holoʻokoʻa.
Ma waena o nā hemahema o ke kaʻa 2SZ-FE, ʻike ka poʻe loea i ka hoʻolālā manawa kūpono ʻole, pili pū me:
- ke alo o na kaulahao elua;
- hoʻonui i ka naʻau o ke kaulahao tensioner i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaila;
- ʻO ka lele ʻana o ke kaulahao lamellar Morse ma nā pulleys i ka nāwaliwali iki ʻana, a ke alakaʻi nei i ka hoʻopili ʻana (impact) o nā pistons a me nā kiwi i ka wā o ka hana a me ka hāʻule ʻole o ka hope.
Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia nā lugs kūikawā ma ka hale pahu cylinder e hoʻopaʻa i nā mea hoʻopili, kahi mea paʻakikī i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui.
NR a me NZ series motors
I nā makahiki like ʻole, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻenekini 1NR-FE a i ʻole 1NR-FKE me ka mana cylinder o 1,3 lita ma nā kaʻa o ke ʻano hoʻohālike Toyota Ractis i nā makahiki like ʻole. Hoʻolako ʻia kēlā me kēia me kahi kāʻei manawa DOHC (2 camshafts a me 4 valves per cylinder) a me nā ʻōnaehana automotive mua.
- Stop & Start, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻōki i ka ʻenekini, a laila, inā pono, e hoʻomaka hou. ʻO ia ʻōnaehana e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mālama mai ka 5 a 10% o ka wahie i ka wā e hana ai i kahi kaʻa ma kahi metropolis;
- ʻAno ʻelua VVT-i (1NR-FE) a i ʻole VVT-iE (1NR-FKE), e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i ka manawa o ka valve.
ʻO ka mana mana 1NR-FE ka mīkini hana NR maʻamau. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻenehana Toyota kiʻekiʻe loa o ka manawa. ʻO ka mea nui o kēia mīkini ʻo ia ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kāna mau pistons, ʻo ka ʻili o ia mea he carbon ceramides.
ʻO kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i hiki ke hōʻemi i nā ana geometric a me ke kaumaha o kēlā me kēia piston.
ʻOkoʻa ka ʻenekini 1NR-FKE ikaika loa, i hoʻomohala ʻia i ka makahiki 2014, ʻokoʻa ka mea i hoʻohana mua ʻia i ka pōʻaiapuni ʻoihana Atkinson (ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka 2 paʻi mua ma mua o nā 2 ʻē aʻe) a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka compression ratio.
Nā palena ʻenehana o nā mīkini Toyota Ractis me ka mana cylinder o 1,3 lita.
ʻO ka ʻenekini 1NZ-FE kahi hoʻolālā maʻamau o kahi hui mana me ka mana cylinder o 1,5 lita. Hana ʻia kāna poloka cylinder i ka alumini a ua lako me:
- ʻano ʻano manawa manawa māhoe māhoe DOHC (4 valves per cylinder);
- hoʻomaikaʻi (2nd generation) variable valve timing system.
Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hoʻomohala i ka mana a hiki i 110 hp.
Nā ʻāpana ʻenehana o ka mīkini 1NZ-FE 1,5 lita.
Mekini Diesel 1ND-TV
Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻenekini 1ND-TV kekahi o nā ʻenekini diesel liʻiliʻi maikaʻi loa ma ka honua. ʻAʻohe hemahema o ka hoʻolālā ʻana a i ka manawa like he maʻalahi ke hoʻoponopono. Aia ia i ke kolu o ka nalu o nā mana i hoʻomohala ʻia e nā ʻenekinia o Toyota Motor Corporation i ka hapa lua o nā makahiki 90 o ke kenekulia i hala.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻenekini 1ND-TV ma luna o kahi poloka cylinder lima me kahi ʻaʻahu hoʻoluʻu hāmama, i hana ʻia me nā mea hao māmā. Hoʻolako ʻia kēia ʻenekini me kahi turbine VGT a me kahi mīkini hoʻoili kinoea o ke ʻano SOHC me ʻelua mau kiwi no kēlā me kēia cylinder.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua hoʻolako ʻia ka ʻenekini me ka Common Rail direct fuel injection system me nā injectors Bosch maʻalahi a hilinaʻi.
ʻO kēia hoʻonā i hiki ai ke hoʻopakele i ka ʻenekini mai nā pilikia he nui o nā ʻāpana mana diesel. Eia naʻe, ma hope (2005) ua hoʻololi ʻia nā injectors Bosch me Denso hou aku, a ma hope aku - me nā ʻano injectors piezoelectric. Eia kekahi, i ka makahiki 2008, ua ho'okomo'ia ka kānana'enela diesel ma ka engine. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua loaʻa i kēia mau mea hou ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka hilinaʻi a me ka lōʻihi o kēia mana mana.
Nā palena ʻenehana o ke kaʻa 1ND-TV 1,4 l.
