Opel Astra engines
Nā mea
- ʻO Astra F - ka mea hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ʻEulopa
- I ke kenekulia hou - ma lalo o ka leka G
- ʻO Astra H - ka hoʻomaka mua o Lūkini
- Paena hou no kahi moʻo hou
- Astra K - ke kaʻa o ka wā e hiki mai ana
- Nā mea kanu mana no Opel Astra
- ʻO ka mīkini kaulana loa no Opel Astra
- Ke koho ʻana i ka mīkini kūpono i ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi Astra
ʻO 1991 ka makahiki mua no ke kaʻa hou o ka hui, ʻo Adam Opel OG. ʻO ka hopena o ke kanakolu makahiki hegemony o ka Opel Kadett E ka lā hānau o ka hōkū. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka unuhi ʻana o ka inoa o ka mea pani o nā kuʻuna - ke kaʻa Astra - mai ka Latin. Ua koho ʻia nā kaʻa e hoʻomaka me ka leka F. Ua hele mai nā kaʻa mua i ka mākeke ʻEulopa ma ke ʻano he ʻelele o ka "papa golf" hou. Ke hana ʻia nei nā kaʻa o ka hui J a me K ma nā hale hana General Motors.
ʻO Astra F - ka mea hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ʻEulopa
ʻO ka hopohopo Adam Opel AG i hoʻokomo i kekahi mau hoʻololi o ka moʻo F i ka mākeke. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke koho:
- sedan - 4 puka;
- hatchback - 3 a me 5 puka.
Ua ʻokoʻa nā kaʻa e kahi hoʻolālā kūleʻa maikaʻi loa. Loaʻa i nā Hatchbacks kahi pahu ukana me ka nui o 360 lita. ʻO ke kaʻa kaʻa ma ke ʻano maʻamau i lawe ʻia ma luna o ka moku ka nui o ka ukana a hiki i 500 lita, a me nā noho lālani hope i pelu ʻia - 1630 lita. ʻO ka maʻalahi, ka hana a me ka maʻalahi - ʻo ia nā ʻano nui i ʻike ʻia e nā mea hoʻohana a pau o ke kaʻa hou me ka ʻole. ʻO Restyling i ka makahiki 1994 i hoʻokomo i nā mea hou no ka ʻoki ʻana i loko i ka puni o ke kaʻa. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻeke air ma ke kolamu hoʻokele.
ʻAʻole poina ka hui i nā mea aloha i ka leʻaleʻa a me nā haʻuki. No lākou, ua lako ka mana GT me nā koho ʻelua o nā mīkini 2-lita - 115 a me 150 hp. I ka makahiki 1993, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka laulā e kahi kaʻa cabriolet wehe ʻehā mau noho. Ua hāʻawi ka hoʻokele Kelemania i kāna hana liʻiliʻi i ka hui kaʻa kaʻa kaulana ʻo Bertone. Ua loaʻa i ke kaʻa kahi hoʻohui i ka māka - ka pōkole GSI (Grand Sport Injection). ʻO ia mau ʻano "hoʻopiʻi" i ʻōwili ʻia mai nā laina hana ma nā hale hana ma UK, ʻAmelika Hema, Australia, India, Polani, ʻApelika Hema, a me Kina a hiki i 2000. No nā kau ʻehā e hiki mai ana, ua kūʻai ʻia nā kaʻa F series mai Polani i nā ʻāina o ka hoʻomoana socialist mua a me Turkey.
I ke kenekulia hou - ma lalo o ka leka G
ʻO ka lua o ka hanauna o ke kaʻa kaulana i loaʻa i kēia leka o ka huapalapala Latin. E like me ka mana mua, ua hana ʻia ʻo Astra G ma nā ʻāina he nui a puni ka honua. Ma Australia, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka branding Holden me nā leka TS. Ua kapa ʻia ka mana Pelekane ʻo Vauxhall Mk4. Ua hōʻea ʻo Opel Astra G i nā ʻāina o ka USSR mua:
- Rusia - Chevrolet Viva.
- Ukraine - Astra Classic.
Ua loaʻa i nā hoʻololi o ka moʻo G ʻelua ʻano o ka hoʻouna ʻana - he Japanese 4-speed automatic transmission a me kahi manual 5-speed me ka hydraulic drive. Nā kikoʻī hoʻolālā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe:
- ʻōnaehana anti-lock braking (ABS);
- hoʻokuʻu - McFerson mua, semi-kūʻokoʻa beam - hope;
- nā pahu diski.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hou ke kau ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele traction.
ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi o ka lineup ʻo ia ka GSI hatchback OPC me kahi ʻenekini 160-horsepower (1999). ʻEkolu mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻomaka nā kaʻa o nā hoʻonohonoho ʻē aʻe ma lalo o kēia pōkole - coupes, station wagons, convertibles. Ua lilo ka hope i mea kaulana loa ma ka mākeke ʻEulopa. Me ka mīkini turbocharged me ka mana o 192-200 hp. a me ka leo 2,0 l. ua like ia me ka moneka maoli.
ʻO Astra H - ka hoʻomaka mua o Lūkini
I ka makahiki 2004, ua ho'onohonoho 'ia ka hana o ka ho'ololi 'ana o ke kolu o nā ka'a Astra ma Rusia. ʻO ka hui nui o nā kaʻa i lawe ʻia e ka Kaliningrad Enterprise Avtotor no ʻelima mau makahiki. Ua lilo ʻo 2008 i makahiki hoʻomaka no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka nui o ka hoʻohālike o Opel. Aia ka conveyor ma ke kauhale o Shushary, Leningrad Region. I kekahi manawa ma hope mai, ua hoʻohana hou ʻia ka ʻaha no Kaliningrad.
Ua lilo ka H series i mea mua no nā kaʻa Astra o kahi hoʻolālā hou - nā sedans. Ua hoʻololi lākou i ka Vectra B kahiko. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Istanbul ma 2004, ua hana ʻia ke kaʻa hou ma Kelemānia, ʻIlelani, Mexico a me Brazil (4-puka Chevrolet Vectra hatchback). Ua komo pū ka laina laina i nā ʻano hoʻohālike kino a me nā kaʻa kaʻa. Ua lilo ka hope i kumu no ka hana ʻana i ka Astra TwinTop coupe-cabriolet ma 2009. Ma Rusia, ua hana ʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona a hiki i 2014 ma ke ʻano he ʻohana Astra.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻolālā hatchback ka mea kaulana loa. I loko o ka puka ʻelima puka, me ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko 1,6-lita e hana ana i 115 hp, ua nui nā pono o ke kaʻa:
- nā ʻeke lewa no ʻehā mau ohua;
- puka makani hope;
- ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana noho;
- kaohi aniau;
- pahupaʻi kiʻi hope.
Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ka ʻōnaehana stereo CD/mp3 a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i ʻeono-wikiwiki i nā mana premium, ua nani ke kaʻa.
ʻO nā ʻelele ikaika loa o ka pūʻulu H he mau kaʻa i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i nā hoʻonohonoho Active a me Cosmo, me ka hoʻouna ʻana a me nā mīkini turbocharged.
- 1,6-lita 170 hp;
- 1,4-lita 140 hp
Paena hou no kahi moʻo hou
I ka 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show, ua hoʻolauna ʻo Opel i kahi kahua paʻa hou, ʻo Delta II, i ka mākeke kaʻa kaʻa honua. ʻO nā outlines o ke kaʻa hou i hoʻohālikelike nui i nā hoʻoholo hoʻolālā a nā mea kākau o ka manaʻo Insigna. ʻO ka mea kanu mua kahi i hoʻomaka ai nā kaʻa H series e hōʻuluʻulu piha ʻia ʻo Vauxhall ma ka moku Pelekane ʻo Cheshire.
ʻO kahi mea leʻaleʻa mai ka moʻolelo o ka moʻo ʻo ka hōʻole ʻana o ka hoʻokele Opel e hoʻohana i ka leka I ma hope o H ma ka pīʻāpā Latin.
No ka hui o ke kikowaena hoʻolālā Opel (Rüsselsheim, Kelemānia) ka mea kākau o ka manaʻo hoʻohālike. ʻO ka nui o ka manawa i hoʻopau ʻia i ke kumu hoʻohālike i loko o ka pūnana makani ma mua o 600 mau hola. Ua hoʻololi nui nā mea hoʻolālā i ke ʻano kuʻuna o ka hatchback:
- hoʻonui ʻia ke kahua huila e 71 mm;
- Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mamao o ke ala.
Hoʻolālā ʻia ka chassis me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā mechatronic. ʻO kēia ka mea hiki ke hoʻohui i nā mechanics a me nā ʻōnaehana uila uila no nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kaʻa, e like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o FlexRide. Hiki i ke kaʻa ke hoʻololi kūʻokoʻa i ʻekolu ʻano hoʻomaha (Standard, Sport a Tour) e kūpono i kona ʻano kaʻa.
Ma kahi o nā hoʻololi hou i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele, hāʻawi ka hui hoʻolālā i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā mea hou ʻoluʻolu ʻē aʻe:
- ʻōnaehana kukui o loko a me nā noho ergonomic;
- nā kukui bi-xenon o ka hanauna hou AFL+.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻokomo i ka kāmela mua Opel Eye ma nā hiʻohiʻona āpau o ka moʻo hou. Hiki iā ia ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona alanui ma ke ala a e ʻōlelo aku i nā haʻalele ʻana mai ka trajectory maikaʻi loa.
Astra K - ke kaʻa o ka wā e hiki mai ana
ʻO ka ʻelele Astra hou loa i ka ʻohana Opel o nā kaʻa, ʻo ia ka hatchback K. Ua loaʻa kona hoʻolālā a me nā hiʻohiʻona i nā mea kūʻai aku ma Kepakemapa 2015 ma Frankfurt. 10 mau mahina ma hope mai ua loaʻa ka kaʻa mua i kāna mea kūʻai:
- ma UK - e like me Vauxhall Astra;
- ma Kina - ma lalo o ka Buick Verano brand;
- ma ka ʻāina ʻelima - me ka lepili Holden Astra.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā o ke kaʻa ua lilo i mea hou aku i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā hoʻololi mua. Hoʻolako ʻia me ka ʻike hou loa i ke kahua o ka ʻenehana automotive. Ma waho aʻe o ka hatchback 5-puka, loaʻa kahi kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa mua. Hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā huahana hou ma nā hale hana ʻelua - ma Gliwice, Polani, a ma Elzmirport, ma Foggy Albion. ʻO ka inoa kūhelu o ka paepae ʻo D2XX. Ma waena o nā kaʻa papa kolepa, i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa e like me ka C-class, ʻo ka Astra K ka mea hoʻohenehene a i kapa ʻia ʻo "quantum leap".
Hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hoʻokele ma lalo o 18 mau koho hoʻoponopono noho. Ke hele nei me ka ʻōlelo ʻole e loaʻa ana ka palapala AGR. Ma waho aʻe o:
- 'Opel Eye no ka nānā 'ana i nā kaha alanui;
- ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi make;
- ʻōnaehana no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke kaʻa i kona ala i ka wā e hele ai i kahi ala;
Ma ka mana manual, ʻo ka nui o ka mīkini 3-cylinder e hana i 105 hp. ʻO 1 wale nō ka lita, a ʻo ka wikiwiki ma ka autobahn ma lalo o 200 km / h. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻoili ʻokoʻa ʻeono-wikiwiki i ka 4 lita 1,6-cylinder. mīkini (136 hp).
Nā mea kanu mana no Opel Astra
ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona o ka mea hana kaʻa Kelemania kaulana ʻo ia ka poʻokela paʻa i waena o kāna mau hoa e pili ana i ka nui o nā mīkini i hoʻokomo ʻia ma nā ʻano hoʻololi. Ma luna o ʻelima mau hanauna, aia ma kahi o 58 o lākou:
| Hoailona | Volume, l. | ʻAno | Volume, | Ka mana kiʻekiʻe, kW / hp | Pūnaehana mana |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| knm 3 | |||||
| A13DTE | 1.2 | diesel turbocharged | 1248 | 70/95 | ʻO Rail Rail |
| A14NEL | 1.4 | ʻaila turbocharged | 1364 | 88/120 | hāʻawi ʻia |
| A14NET | 1.4 | -: - | 1364 | 101 / 138, 103 / 140 | DOHC, DCVCP |
| A14XEL | 1.4 | ʻenekini | 1398 | 64/87 | hāʻawi ʻia |
| A14XER | 1.4 | -: - | 1398 | 74/100 | DOHC |
| A16 MAHELE | 1.6 | ʻaila turbocharged | 1598 | 132/180 | ʻōkuhi pololei |
| A16XER | 1.6 | ʻenekini | 1598 | 85 / 115, 103 / 140 | hāʻawi ʻia |
| A16XHT | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 125/170 | ʻōkuhi pololei |
| A17DTJ | 1.7 | kakolina diesel | 1686 | 81/110 | ʻO Rail Rail |
| A17DTR | 1.7 | -: - | 1686 | 92/125 | -: - |
| A20DTH | 2 | -: - | 1956 | 118/160, 120/163, 121/165 | -: - |
| A20DTR | 2 | diesel turbocharged | 1956 | 143/195 | -: - |
| B16DTH | 1.7 | -: - | 1686 | 100/136 | -: - |
| B16DTL | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 81/100 | -: - |
| C14NZ | 1.4 | ʻenekini | 1389 | 66/90 | hoʻokahi injection, SOHC |
| C14 SE | 1.4 | -: - | 1389 | 60/82 | puʻunaue ʻia, SOHC |
| C18 XEL | 1.8 | -: - | 1799 | 85/115 | -: - |
| C20XE | 2 | -: - | 1998 | 110/150 | -: - |
| X14NZ | 1.4 | -: - | 1389 | 66/90 | -: - |
| X14XE | 1.4 | -: - | 1389 | 66/90 | hāʻawi ʻia |
| X16SZ | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 52 / 71, 55 / 75 | hoʻokahi injection, SOHC |
| X16SZR | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 55 / 75, 63 / 85 | hoʻokahi injection, SOHC |
| X16XEL | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 74 / 100, 74 / 101 | hāʻawi ʻia |
| X17DT | 1.7 | ʻaila turbocharged | 1686 | 60/82 | SOHC |
| X17DTL | 1.7 | diesel turbocharged | 1700 | 50/68 | -: - |
| X18XE | 1.8 | ʻenekini | 1799 | 85/115 | hāʻawi ʻia |
| X18XE1 | 1.8 | -: - | 1796 | 85/115, 85/116, 92/125 | -: - |
| X20DTL | 2 | diesel turbocharged | 1995 | 60/82 | ʻO Rail Rail |
| X20XER | 2 | ʻenekini | 1998 | 118/160 | hāʻawi ʻia |
| Y17DT | 1.7 | diesel turbocharged | 1686 | 55/75 | ʻO Rail Rail |
| Y20DTH | 2 | -: - | 1995 | 74/100 | -: - |
| Y20DTL | 2 | -: - | 1995 | 60/82 | -: - |
| Y22DTR | 2.2 | -: - | 2172 | 88 / 120, 92 / 125 | -: - |
| Z12XE | 1.2 | ʻenekini | 1199 | 55/75 | hāʻawi ʻia |
| Z13DTH | 1.3 | diesel turbocharged | 1248 | 66/90 | ʻO Rail Rail |
| Z14XEL | 1.4 | ʻenekini | 1364 | 55/75 | hāʻawi ʻia |
| Z14XEP | 1.4 | -: - | 1364 | 64 / 87, 66 / 90 | -: - |
| MAI 16 MAKAHIKI | 1.6 | ʻaila turbocharged | 1598 | 132/180 | -: - |
| Z16SE | 1.6 | ʻenekini | 1598 | 62 / 84, 63 / 85 | -: - |
| Z16XE | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 74 / 100, 74 / 101 | -: - |
| Z16XE1 | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 77/105 | -: - |
| Z16XEP | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 74/100, 76/103, 77/105 | -: - |
| Z16XER | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 85/115 | -: - |
| Z16YNG | 1.6 | ʻenekini | 1598 | 71/97 | -: - |
| Z17DTH | 1.7 | diesel turbocharged | 1686 | 74/100 | ʻO Rail Rail |
| Z17DTL | 1.7 | -: - | 1686 | 59/80 | -: - |
| Z18XE | 1.8 | ʻenekini | 1796 | 90 / 122, 92 / 125 | hāʻawi ʻia |
| Z18XEL | 1.8 | -: - | 1796 | 85/116 | -: - |
| Z18XER | 1.8 | -: - | 1796 | 103/140 | -: - |
| Z19DT | 1.9 | diesel turbocharged | 1910 | 88/120 | ʻO Rail Rail |
| Z19DTH | 1.9 | -: - | 1910 | 88 / 120, 110 / 150 | -: - |
| Z19DTJ | 1.9 | -: - | 1910 | 88/120 | -: - |
| Z19DTL | 1.9 | -: - | 1910 | 74 / 100, 88 / 120 | -: - |
| Z20LEL | 2 | ʻaila turbocharged | 1998 | 125/170 | hāʻawi ʻia |
| Z20LER | 2 | ea hau | 1998 | 125/170 | hoʻokaʻa ʻia i hāʻawi ʻia |
| ʻaila turbocharged | 1998 | 147/200 | |||
| MAI 20 MAKAHIKI | 2 | ʻaila turbocharged | 1998 | 140/190, 141/192, 147/200 | hāʻawi ʻia |
| Z22SE | 2.2 | ʻenekini | 2198 | 108/147 | ʻōkuhi pololei |
ʻElua mau mīkini mai ka laina holoʻokoʻa i ʻoi aku ka kupaianaha ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka Z20LER ʻelua wale nō i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma lalo o ka māka hoʻokahi i ʻelua mau mana like ʻole:
- i hoʻomake maoli ʻia, me ka hoʻokele wahie pololei, 170 hp.
- ʻelua haneli horsepower injection, me ka turbocharger.
ʻO Z16YNG wale nō ka mīkini no ka Opel Astra e holo ana ma ke kinoea maoli.
ʻO ka mīkini kaulana loa no Opel Astra
He mea maʻalahi loa ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻenekini i lilo pinepine i kumu o ka mana mana ma nā kaʻa Opel Astra. 'O kēia ka 1,6-hano 'enekinia engine o ka mo'o Z16. ʻElima mau hoʻololi o ia mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia (SE, XE, XE1, XEP, XER). Ua like ka nui o lākou a pau - 1598 cubic centimeters. I loko o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolako mana ʻenekini, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi injector e hoʻolako i ka wahie - kahi ʻāpana hoʻoponopono i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia.
He 101 hp keia enekini. i ka makahiki 2000 ua lilo ia i mea pani i ka mīkini X16XEL i hoʻokomo ʻia ma nā ʻano Opel like ʻole. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ia no ʻelima mau makahiki ma ka Astra G. Ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā, pono e ʻike i ke alo o ka ʻōnaehana mana Multec-S (F), ka mana throttle uila. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea ʻike oxygen ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka catalyst.
ʻOiai ʻo kona kaulana nui, ʻaʻole pilikia kāna hana. ʻO nā mea nui he:
- hoʻonui i kaʻaila hinu;
- pāʻani o nā ʻāpana kau ʻana.
No ke kōkua ʻana i nā kaʻa kaʻa i loaʻa i nā pilikia me ka hana ʻana o ka ʻenekini, ua hoʻokomo nā mea hoʻomohala i ka ʻōnaehana ʻike ponoʻī EOBD. Me kona kōkua, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i ke kumu o ka hana ʻino i ka mīkini me ka wikiwiki.
Ke koho ʻana i ka mīkini kūpono i ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi Astra
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ke koho ʻana i ka hui maikaʻi loa o ka hoʻolālā kaʻa a me ka mea kanu mana e hele mau ʻia me nā manaʻo ʻehaʻeha, kahi aʻo lōʻihi o ka lako a, hope, hoʻāʻo kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, me ka nui o nā ʻenekini Ecotec, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke koho ʻana i ka hoʻolālā mana mana maikaʻi loa no ka Opel Astra. ʻO ka papa kiʻekiʻe ʻekolu o nā loiloi like ʻole a me nā helu i nā makahiki i hala iho nei e loaʻa mau ana ka turbocharged petrol A14NET. Hiki i ka mīkini - 1364 cm3, mana - 1490 hp. ka wikiwiki loa - 202 km / h.
Kōkua ka turbocharger i ka ʻenekini e hoʻokō maʻalahi i ke kaʻa ʻana ma nā alanui o kekahi paʻakikī a me ka hoʻonohonoho. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kekahi ʻenekini ʻelua-lita, ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi. He mea kupanaha ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā mea hoʻolālā i kahi turbine ma luna o kahi ʻenekini o ia leo liʻiliʻi. Akā ua loa'a iā lākou ka pololei, no ka mea, ua lanakila loa ka enekini. Ma hope o kona hoʻomaka mua ʻana i ka makahiki 2010, ua hele koke ia i ka hana no nā ʻano kaʻa Opel - Astra J a me GTC, Zafira, Meriva, Mocca, Chevrolet Cruise.
ʻO kahi ʻike maikaʻi ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi kaulahao manawa. ʻOi aku ka hilinaʻi ma mua o ke kāʻei. Ma muli o ke kau ʻana o nā mea hoʻopiʻi hydraulic, ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻoponopono mau i nā valves. Hoʻololi ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka manawa valve e ka ʻōnaehana DCVCP. ʻEkolu mau hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ka A14NET turbine:
- hilinaʻi pono;
- kālā maikaʻi;
- liʻiliʻi nui.
ʻO nā "pōʻino" e pili ana i ka koho ʻokoʻa o ka ʻāpana e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaila i ninini ʻia.
Mai hoonui i ka enekini i ke kalaiwa. ʻAʻole ia i hoʻolālā ʻia e pana i nā rev kiʻekiʻe a loaʻa ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka A16XHT, a i ʻole A16LET. ʻO ke koho hoʻokele maikaʻi loa ʻo ia ka hoʻokele waiwai ma ka wikiwiki waena. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahie ma mua o 5,5 lita. ma ke alaloa, a me 9,0 lita. ma ke alanui kulanakauhale. Inā hoʻokō ʻia nā koi āpau i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka mea hana, e hoʻopilikia kēia mīkini i ka mea hoʻohana i nā pilikia liʻiliʻi.
