Hoʻohui i nā kaʻa uila
Nā mea
ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā kaʻa uila ma mua o nā kaʻa ʻaila a me nā kaʻa diesel. Eia nō naʻe, no ka poʻe e hoʻokele i nā kilomika pilikino i kahi kaʻa ʻoihana, ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe. Ke kumu: ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka hoʻohui. Pehea ka helu pono ʻana o kēia hoʻohui? Pehea nā mea i kēia manawa? He aha ke ʻano o ka wā e hiki mai ana? Ma kēia ʻatikala, e haʻi mākou iā ʻoe i nā mea āpau e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i ka mea hoʻohui kaʻa uila.
Pehea ka hana hoʻohui?
ʻO ka mea mua, pehea e hana maoli ai ka hoʻohui? Hoʻokomo ka add-on i ka wā e hoʻokele kaʻawale ai ʻoe ma mua o 500 km i ka makahiki ma kahi kaʻa hui. Manaʻo nā luna ʻauhau i kēia ʻano uku. No laila pono ʻoe e uku ʻauhau ma kēia. No laila, pono e hoʻohui i kahi nui o ka waiwai o ke kaʻa i ka loaʻa kālā: hoʻonui.
No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka markup, lawe ʻia kahi pākēneka o ke kumu ʻauhau a i ʻole ke kumukūʻai papa inoa. No nā kaʻa wahie fossil āpau, ʻo ka mea hoʻohui i kēia manawa he 22%. Pili pū kēia i nā hybrids, nā plug-in hybrids a me nā kaʻa uila me kahi mea hoʻonui. I ka makahiki 2, e pili wale ana ka helu hoʻemi o 2021% i nā kaʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻole i ka CO12. Ma waho aʻe o nā kaʻa uila, loaʻa pū kekahi i nā kaʻa hydrogen-powered. Pono kēia helu no ʻelima mau makahiki ma hope o ke komo mua ʻana (i ka lā i "kau inoa ʻia" ke kaʻa). Ma hope o kēlā, e pili nā lula i mana i kēlā manawa.
Aia ka waiwai ʻauhau i ka VAT a me BPM. Ua helu pū ʻia nā mea hoʻokomo hale hana, akā ʻaʻole helu nā mea kūʻai aku i hoʻokomo ʻia. ʻAʻole hoʻi i hoʻokomo ʻia nā kumukūʻai hoʻoponopono a hoʻopaʻa inoa. No laila, aia ka waiwai kālā ma lalo o ke kumu kūʻai kūʻai i ʻōlelo ʻia.
No nā kaʻa uila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma 2020, hoʻemi ʻia ka uku hoʻemi a hiki i ka € 40.000. E uku ʻia ka helu maʻamau o 22% ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka helu helu helu ma mua o kēia nui. Inā kūʻai ke kaʻa i 55.000 12 euros, 40.000% e pili ana i ka 22 euros mua a me ka 15.000% i ke koena XNUMX XNUMX euros. E hāʻawi mākou i kahi laʻana helu kikoʻī ma hope o kēia ʻatikala e wehewehe i kēia.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu hou aku e pili ana i ka hoʻolimalima ma ka ʻatikala ma ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i kaʻa uila.
A hiki i ka 2021
Hoʻololi mau nā lula hoʻohui. Aia kahi hōʻailona liʻiliʻi i uku ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana ma 2020 no nā kaʻa uila, ʻo ia hoʻi 8%. E pili ana kēia hoihoi hou a hiki i 45.000 euros 40.000 ma kahi o 60 euros. No ka ʻohi ʻana i nā pono o ka hōʻailona haʻahaʻa, ua kūʻai aku nā mea hoʻokele ʻoihana i nā kaʻa uila nui i ka hopena o ka makahiki i hala, a i ʻole, ua komo i loko o kahi hoʻolimalima ʻoihana e hana pēlā. No ka poʻe i kūʻai i kahi kaʻa i ka makahiki i hala, e hoʻomau ʻia ka helu o kēia manawa no XNUMX mau mahina, me ka nānā ʻole i nā loli.
I ka makahiki 2010, ua hoʻokomo ke aupuni i ka pōmaikaʻi hou no nā kaʻa hoʻokuʻu ʻole no ka manawa mua. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o nā kaʻa uila he 0% mau nō ia. Ma 2014, ua hoʻonui ʻia kēia helu i 4%. Ua hoʻomau kēia a hiki i 2019. I ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻonui ʻia i 8%. Ma 2021, ua hoʻonui hou ʻia kēia helu i 12%.
Ma ka 2020
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana mai ka 4% a i ka 8% a laila i ka 12% he ʻāpana o ka hoʻonui lohi e like me ka mea i kāhea ʻia ma ka Climate Agreement. E ulu ana nā kaʻa uila e 2026% i 22. A hiki i kēlā manawa, e hoʻonui iki ka additive i kēlā me kēia manawa (e nānā i ka papa). Ua hoʻonui iki ʻia ka hoʻohui i kēia makahiki a e hana hou ʻia i kēia makahiki aʻe. Ma hope iho, e mau ka uku o nā kaʻa uila ma 16% no ʻekolu makahiki. I ka makahiki 2025, e hoʻonui hou ʻia ke kumukūʻai e 1% ma mua o ka nalowale ʻana o ka pōmaikaʻi ma 2026.
Ua hōʻemi ʻia ka helu helu kiʻekiʻe loa i kēia makahiki mai 45.000 40.000 a 2025 2026 euros. E hoʻohana ʻia kēia waiwai helu a hiki i ka makahiki XNUMX. Mai ka XNUMX ma mua, ʻaʻole e loaʻa hou ka helu hoʻemi a no laila ʻaʻole e pili hou ka paepae.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi ʻike piha ma ka papa ma lalo nei. Ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia ʻo 2019 no ka hoʻohālikelike. He mau hoʻolālā kēia, akā hiki ke loli. Hōʻike ka Kuʻikahi Climate e nānā ʻia nā lula hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hoʻoponopono ʻia e like me ka mea e pono ai.
| i ka makahiki | Hoʻohui | Waiwai paepae |
| 2019 | 4% | €50.000 |
| 2020 | 8% | €45.000 |
| 2021 | 12% | €40.000 |
| 2022 | 16% | €40.000 |
| 2023 | 16% | €40.000 |
| 2024 | 16% | €40.000 |
| 2025 | 17% | €40.000 |
| 2026 | 22% | - |
ʻO nā hybrids hou (plug-in).
Pehea e pili ana i nā plug-in hybrids? E like me ka mea i haʻi mua ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hilinaʻi hou i nā pono hou aʻe. Pili ka 22% maʻamau i kēia ʻano kaʻa. I ka wā ma mua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hybrids. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o CO2 ma lalo o 50 grams no ka kilomika. No ka laʻana, ua loaʻa i ka Porsche 918 Spyder nā CO2 emissions o 70 grams / km, no laila hāʻule ka PHEV mai ka moku ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ua maikaʻi nā PHEV me ka ʻenekini puhi haʻahaʻa.
Ua hoʻemi ʻia ka helu o 2014% no kēia mau kaʻa i 2015 a me 7. No ka laʻana, mahalo i kēia ana, ua kaulana loa ka Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV. I ka makahiki 2014, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana he 0%, no laila ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma waena o nā kaʻa uila a me nā hybrids inā loaʻa i ke kaʻa nā hoʻoiho CO50 ma lalo o 2 grams.
1: Hyundai Kona Uila
Pākuʻi 2020
No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi manaʻo o ke kumukūʻai, e helu kākou i ka additive no nā kaʻa ʻelua. ʻO ka mua, e lawe kāua i kahi kaʻa hoʻolimalima kaulana no ka liʻiliʻi o € 45.000: ka Hyundai Kona. Loaʻa ʻia kēia ʻano hoʻohālike me ka mīkini ʻaila a me ka hybrid, akā ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kahi koho uila āpau i kēia manawa. ʻO ka hōʻailona hōʻoluʻolu 64 kWh he kumu kūʻai o € 40.715 XNUMX.
No ka mea aia kēia huina ma lalo o ka paepae o € 45.000, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka uku hoʻemi o 8% i ka huina holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa kēia i ka € 3.257,20 gross i kēlā me kēia makahiki a i ʻole € 271,43 i kēlā me kēia mahina. He huina hou keia e pono ai ka auhau.
ʻO ka nui o ka ʻauhau ma muli o ke ʻano ʻauhau. Ma kēia hiʻohiʻona, manaʻo mākou he emi ka uku makahiki ma mua o 68.507 € 37,35. ʻO 271,43% ka uku ʻauhau i kēia manawa. Me ka piʻi nui o € 101,38, e hoʻopau ʻoe i ka uku € XNUMX i kēlā me kēia mahina.
| Waiwai Catalog | €40.715 |
| Pākēneka o ka hoʻohui | 8% |
| Pākuʻi nui | €271,43 |
| ʻauhau ʻauhau | 37,35% |
| Hoʻohui maʻemaʻe | €101,38 |
Pākuʻi 2019
ʻO ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o nā EV ma kēia kumukūʻai kūʻai he hapalua, mahalo i ka piʻi ʻana o 4%. V net ka hoʻohui, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole pololei ka hapalua, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻauhau no ka loaʻa kālā mai 20.711 68.507 a 2019 51,71 euros i kēlā manawa. Me kēia ʻikepili, hāʻawi ka helu i ka loaʻa kālā ma ka makahiki XNUMX o € XNUMX i kēlā me kēia mahina.
Pākuʻi 2021
ʻO ka makahiki aʻe e piʻi ka pākēneka i 12%. Hoʻololi pū ka ʻauhau ʻauhau, ʻoiai ua kaupalena ʻia ka ʻokoʻa. ʻO kekahi mea nui no kēia kaʻa: ua hoʻemi ʻia ka waiwai paepae mai 45.000 40.000 i 40.715 715 euros. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu helu o 22 2021 euro ma mua o kēia. ʻO kēia ke kumu e uku ʻia ai ka uku piha o 153,26% no ka € XNUMX hope loa. ʻO ka uku o kēlā me kēia mahina he € XNUMX i ka makahiki XNUMX me ka kaʻa like a me ka loaʻa kālā like.
He mea hoihoi nō hoʻi ka ʻike ʻana me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka pōmaikaʻi hou - ma kahi o 22% - ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻupena he 278,80 euros, e pili ana i nā uku ʻauhau o kēia manawa. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka hoʻokele uila ma kēia pae ma 2026. Eia naʻe, ma ia manawa, e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā kaʻa uila.
Uila vs. ʻaila
No ka loaʻa ʻana o ke Kona i kahi mana petrol, he mea hoihoi ke hoʻohui i kēia hoʻohui i kēia ʻano. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike pono ʻia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mana o ka petrol ikaika loa ma mua o ka uila. ʻO ka 1.6 T-GDI he 177 hp a ʻo ka Electric 64 kWh he 204. No ka mana liʻiliʻi loa o ka 1.6 T-GDI, uku ʻoe i ka hoʻonui ʻupena o 194,83 euros i kēlā me kēia mahina. ʻOiai me ka hoʻonui hoʻohui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka uila ʻoi aku ka ikaika.
| Kona Uila 64 | 2019 | 4% | €51,71 |
| 2020 | 8% | €101,38 | |
| 2021 | 12% | €153,26 | |
| 22% | €278,80 | ||
| Kihi 1.6 T-GDI | 22% | €194,83 |
Laʻana 2: ʻO Tesla Model 3
Pākuʻi 2020
ʻO ka Tesla Model 3 ka helu hoʻokahi i ka makahiki i hala i ka wā i hiki mai ai i nā kaʻa hoʻolimalima kaulana loa. 'A'ole like me Kona, 'oi aku ke kumukū'ai o kēia ka'a ma mua o ka paepae o 45.000 euros. ʻO ka mana maʻalahi ka Standard Range Plus. ʻO kāna kumukūʻai helu he € 48.980 XNUMX. Hoʻopili iki kēia i ka helu ʻana.
ʻO ka helu o 45.000% pili i ka € 8 mua. Pili kēia me ka piʻi nui o € 300 i kēlā me kēia mahina. ʻO ke koena € 3.980 e pili ana i ka uku piha o 22%. ʻO kēia ka 72,97 euros i kēlā me kēia mahina. No laila, ʻo ka huina kālā i hoʻohui ʻia he € 372,97.
No kēia kaʻa, manaʻo mākou ua ʻoi aku ka loaʻa kālā ma mua o 68.507 49,50 euros a ʻo 184,62%. Hāʻawi kēia iā ʻoe i ka hoʻonui net o € 335,39 i kēlā me kēia mahina. Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana: me ka ʻole o ka pōmaikaʻi i hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ka waihona ʻupena he € XNUMX.
| Ka huina helu helu | €48.980 |
| Waiwai Catalog i ka paepae | €45.000 |
| Pākēneka o ka hoʻohui | 8% |
| Hoʻohui | €300 |
| Ke koena helu helu helu | €3.980 |
| Pākēneka o ka hoʻohui | 22% |
| Hoʻohui | €72,97 |
| Huina huina nui | €372,97 |
| ʻauhau ʻauhau | 49,50% |
| Hoʻohui maʻemaʻe | €184,62 |
Hoʻohui 2019 a me 2021
Hiki i ka poʻe i kūʻai i kahi Model 3 i ka makahiki i hala ke loaʻa ka piʻi 4% o nā kaʻa uila. He aha hoʻi kahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi no kēia ʻano kikoʻī: a laila ʻo 50.000 € 4 ka paepae. No laila, pili kēia 68.507% i ka helu helu helu. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻauhau ma luna o ka EUR 84,49 279,68. Ua hopena kēia i ka hoʻonui ʻana o € 12 i kēlā me kēia mahina. ʻO ka makahiki aʻe, ʻo € XNUMX ka uku i kēlā me kēia mahina me ka piʻi a hiki i XNUMX%.
| ʻO Tesla Model 3 Standard Range Plus | 2019 | 4% | €84,49 |
| 2020 | 8% | €184,62 | |
| 2021 | 12% | €279,68 | |
| 22% | € 444.49 | ||
| Bmw 330i | 22% | €472,18 |
Uila vs. ʻaila
ʻEhia ke kumu kūʻai o ke kaʻa ʻaila like? No ka mea aia ka Model 3 i ka D-segment, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kaʻa, no ka laʻana, me ka BMW 3 Series. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa kokoke loa ʻo 330i me 258 hp. ʻO kēia ka 20 hp. ʻoi aku ma mua o Standard Range Plus. Ma ka helu ʻauhau like me ka wā ma mua, loaʻa iā mākou ka piʻi ʻana o € 330 i kēlā me kēia mahina no ka 472,18i. Hāʻawi ʻia i ke kumukūʻai papa inoa kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka 330i ma mua o ka Model 3 Standard Range Plus, akā ʻo ka 2020i i kēia manawa he 330x ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai no ka mea hoʻokele ʻoihana ma 2,5. I kēia manawa ua maopopo iā ʻoe ke kumu e ʻike pinepine ai ʻoe i ka Model 3 ma mua o ka BMW 3 Series hou.
E hōʻuluʻulu
Ma ka pili ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka uku hoʻolimalima no nā kaʻa uila mai 4% a i 8% i kēia makahiki, ua lawe ʻia ka hana mua e hoʻopau i nā ʻauhau ʻauhau hou. Ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke kumukūʻai paepae mai 50.000 45.000 a i 8 XNUMX euros. No laila, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka makahiki i hala, ua emi nui ka waiwai kālā. ʻAʻole naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka helu helu kiʻekiʻe o nā EV ma mua o ka hoʻopau ʻia e ka hōʻailona XNUMX pakeneka. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka mea hoʻokele ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma ka hapalua o ke kumukūʻai o kahi kaʻa ʻaila like.
Eia nō naʻe, e emi ana ka waiwai kālā a hiki i ka piʻi ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻaila a me nā kaʻa diesel ma 2026. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kaʻa uila. Na ka manawa e hōʻike i ke kaulike o kēia mau hanana ʻelua.
