ʻIke ʻia kekahi mea pohihihi, nalowale kekahi mea ma lalo o nā kūlana hiki ʻole ke wehewehe

Hōʻike mākou i kahi ʻano o ka nānā ʻana i ka lewa kūwaho, kupaianaha a pohihihi i hana ʻia e nā astronomers i nā mahina i hala iho nei. Ke ho'āʻo nei nā kānaka ʻepekema e ʻimi i nā wehewehe ʻike ʻia no kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia hihia. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki i kēlā me kēia ʻike ke hoʻololi i ka ʻepekema ...

Ka nalowale pohihihi o ka lei o ka lua eleele

No ka manawa mua, ʻike nā astronomers mai ka Massachusetts Institute of Technology a me nā kikowaena ʻē aʻe e pili ana ke corona lua ʻeleʻele nui, ua hāʻule koke ke apo kukui o nā mea ikehu kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopuni ana i ka wanana hanana hanana o ka lua ʻeleʻele (1). ʻAʻole maopopo ke kumu o kēia hoʻololi koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai ke manaʻo nei nā ʻepekema ʻo ke kumu o ka pōʻino he hōkū i paʻa ʻia e ka huki umekaumaha o ka lua ʻeleʻele. Hōkū hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu i kahi diski o ka mea wili, e hāʻule koke nā mea a puni, me nā ʻāpana corona, i loko o ka lua ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka hopena, e like me ka ʻike ʻana o ka poʻe astronomers, i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki, ua hāʻule i ka ʻōlinolino o ka mea ma kahi helu 10.

Nui loa ka lua ʻeleʻele no ka Milky Way

kanahiku ka nui o ka nui o ka la. Ua ʻike ʻia e nā mea noiʻi ma ka National Astronomical Observatory of China (NAOC), kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo LB-1 e hoʻopau i nā manaʻo o kēia manawa. Wahi a ka hapa nui o nā hiʻohiʻona hou o ka evolution stellar, ʻaʻole pono nā puka ʻeleʻele o kēia nuipa i loko o kahi galaxy e like me kā mākou. A hiki i kēia manawa, manaʻo mākou e hoʻokahe ka nui o ke kinoea i nā hōkū nui loa me ka haku mele ʻano maʻamau o ka Milky Way ke kokoke lākou i ka hopena o ko lākou ola. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻalele i kēlā mau mea nui. I kēia manawa, pono nā theorists i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka mea i kapa ʻia.

nā pōʻai ʻē

Ua ʻike nā Astronomers i ʻehā mau mea ʻālohilohi ma ke ʻano o nā apo i hāʻule i loko o nā pae nā hawewe lekiō ua aneane poepoe a mama ma na lihi. ʻAʻole like lākou me kekahi papa o nā mea hōkū i ʻike ʻia. Ua kapa ʻia nā mea he ORC (nā lekiō ʻē aʻe) no ko lākou ʻano a me nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau.

ʻAʻole ʻike maopopo ka poʻe Astronomers i ka lōʻihi o kēia mau mea, akā manaʻo lākou hiki ke loaʻa pili me nā galaxes mamao. ʻO ke anawaena o kēia mau mea a pau ma kahi o hoʻokahi minuke arc (no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, 31 arc minuke). Manaʻo ka poʻe Astronomers he mau nalu haʻalulu paha kēia i koe mai kekahi hanana extragalactic a i ʻole ka hana lekiō lekiō.

"Pūhū" pohihihi o ke kenekulia XIX

Ma ka ʻāina hema Holo aira (e nānā pū: ) aia kekahi nebula nui, ʻano ʻano ʻē, i ʻokoʻa ma ʻō a ma ʻaneʻi e nā ʻōuli ʻeleʻele i ʻike ʻia he mau ao lepo e kau ana ma waena o mākou a me ka nebula. Aia ma kona kikowaena Keel keia (2), he hoku lua ma ka hoku Kila, oia kekahi o na hoku nui loa, nui loa, a malamalama loa o ko kakou Galaxy.

2. Nebula a puni Eta Carina

ʻO ka mea nui o kēia ʻōnaehana he kanaka nunui (100-150 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka Lā) hōkū aniani ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻole paʻa loa kēia hōkū a hiki ke pahū i kēlā me kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he supernova a i ʻole hypernova paha (he ʻano supernova hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i kahi puhaka gamma-ray). Aia ia i loko o kahi nebula nui a mālamalama i ʻike ʻia ʻo Carina Nebula (Keyhole a i ʻole NGC 3372). ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka ʻōnaehana he hōkū nui papa spectral O ole hoku wolf-rayeta ʻo ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana he 5,54 mau makahiki.

Feberuari 1, 1827, e like me ka palapala a kekahi kanaka naturalist. William Burchell, Ua hiki keia i kona nui mua. A laila, hoʻi hou i ka lua a noho pēlā no nā makahiki he ʻumi, a hiki i ka pau ʻana o 1837, i ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai ka pae hoihoi loa, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Great Eruption" i kekahi manawa. Ma ka hoʻomaka wale nō o ka makahiki 1838 ʻālohi ia keel ua oi aku ka olinolino o ka nui o na hoku. A laila hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻemi hou i kona ʻōlinolino, a laila hoʻonui.

IʻApelila 1843 manawa kuhi ʻia o ka hiki ʻana mai ua hōʻea ʻo ia i kona kiʻekiʻe lua o ka hoku malamalama loa ma ka lani ma hope o Sirius. Ua lōʻihi ka "pele" i ka manawa. A laila, hoʻomaka hou ka ʻōlinolino o kona ʻōlinolino, e hāʻule ana ma kahi o 1900 ma kahi o 1940-8, i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻopau koke ʻia i ka 6-7. i ka makahiki 1952. I kēia manawa, aia ka hōkū ma ka palena o ka ʻike maka ʻole i ka nui o 6,21 m, e hoʻoponopono ana i ka pālua o ka mālamalama i ka makahiki 1998-1999.

Manaʻo ʻia aia ʻo Eta Carinae i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka evolution a hiki ke pahū i loko o nā ʻumi kaukani mau makahiki a lilo i lua ʻeleʻele. Eia naʻe, he mea pohihihi kāna hana i kēia manawa. ʻAʻohe kumu hoʻohālike i hiki ke wehewehe piha i kona kū ʻole.

Nā loli pohihihi i ka lewa Martian

Ua ʻike ka lab e loli pohihihi ana nā pae methane i ka lewa Martian. A i ka makahiki i hala, ua loaʻa iā mākou kahi nūhou hou mai kahi robot kūpono, i kēia manawa e pili ana i ka loli o ka pae o ka oxygen i ka lewa Martian. Ua paʻi ʻia nā hopena o kēia mau haʻawina ma ka Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe wehewehe maopopo o nā ʻepekema i ke kumu o kēia. E like me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pae methane, pili paha ka piʻi ʻana o nā pae o ka oxygen i nā kaʻina hana honua, akā hiki nō hoʻi. hōʻailona o ka hana o nā ʻano ola.

Hoku i hoku

Ua ʻike koke aku kahi telescope ma Chile i kahi mea hoihoi ma kahi kokoke Kapua Māka liʻiliʻi. Hoailona ia ia - HV 2112. He inoa maikaʻi ʻole kēia no ka mea ʻo ia ka mea mua a hiki i kēia manawa ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻelele o kahi ʻano mea stellar hou. A hiki i kēia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he hypothetical loa. Nui lākou a ʻulaʻula. ʻO ke kaomi nui a me ka mahana o kēia mau kino hōkū, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke kākoʻo i ke kaʻina hana ʻekolu, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ʻekolu 4He helium nuclei (alpha particles) i hoʻokahi 12C carbon nucleus. No laila, lilo ke kalapona i mea kūkulu hale no nā mea ola a pau. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka spectrum māmā o HV 2112 i hōʻike i ka nui o nā mea kaumaha, me ka rubidium, lithium a me ka molybdenum.

ʻO ia ka pūlima o ka mea Thorn-Zhitkov (TŻO), he ʻano hōkū i loko o kahi pilikua ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nunui nui me kahi hōkū neutron i loko (3). Ua noi ʻia kēia kauoha Kip Thorne (e nānā pū: ) a me Anna Zhitkova i ka makahiki 1976.

3. He hoku neutron i loko o ka pilikua ulaula

Aia ʻekolu mau hiʻohiʻona no ka puka ʻana mai o TJO. ʻO ka mua wānana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā hōkū ʻelua i loko o kahi puʻupuʻu poʻo poʻo nui ma muli o ka hui ʻana o nā hōkū ʻelua, wānana ka lua i kahi pahū supernova, ʻaʻole like loa ia a hoʻomaka ka neutron hōkū e neʻe ma kahi alahele ʻokoʻa mai kāna. ponoi. orbit kumu a puni ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka ʻōnaehana, a laila, ma muli o ke kuhikuhi o kona neʻe ʻana, hiki i ka hōkū neutron ke hāʻule i waho o ka ʻōnaehana, a i ʻole e "ale ʻia" e kāna satelite inā hoʻomaka ia e neʻe iā ia. Aia kekahi hiʻohiʻona e komo ai ka hōkū neutron e ka lua o ka hōkū, e lilo ana i mea pilikua ʻulaʻula.

Hoʻopau nā ʻanuʻu i ka tsunami

ʻIkepili hou mai Hubble Space Telescope Hoʻolaha ʻo NASA i ka hiki ke hana i loko o nā galaxies i ke ʻano ikaika loa o ka honua, i kapa ʻia ʻo "quasar tsunami". He ʻino kēia o nā ʻāpana weliweli e hiki ai ke luku i kahi galaxy holoʻokoʻa. "ʻAʻohe mea ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ikehu mechanical," wahi a Nahum Arav o Virginia Tech i kahi pou e noiʻi ana i ka hanana. Ua wehewehe ʻo Arav a me kāna mau hoa hana i kēia mau mea pōʻino ma ke ʻano o nā pepa ʻeono i paʻi ʻia ma The Astrophysical Journal Supplements.