He aha ka turbocharger?

I ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hana me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka wahie, ʻaneʻane koi ʻia nā ʻenekinia e koho i kahi ʻenekini turbo.

Ma waho aʻe o ka ea lahilahi o ka honua supercar, kahi e koi mau ai ʻo Lamborghini e noho mau nā ʻenekini i hoʻomaʻemaʻe maoli ʻia i ke ala maʻemaʻe a ʻoi loa o Italia e hana ai i ka mana a me ka walaʻau, e pau ana nā lā o nā kaʻa non-turbocharged.

ʻAʻole hiki, no ka laʻana, ke kiʻi i kahi Volkswagen Golf i makemake maoli ʻia. Ma hope o Dieselgate, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono kēia, no ka mea ʻaʻohe mea makemake e pāʻani kolepa.

Eia nō naʻe, ke waiho nei ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo nā kaʻa kūlanakauhale, nā kaʻa ʻohana, nā mākaʻikaʻi nui a me kekahi mau supercars e haʻalele i ka moku no ka scuba e hiki mai ana. Mai ka Ford Fiesta a hiki i ka Ferrari 488, pili ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana, ʻo kekahi ma muli o nā kānāwai hoʻokuʻu, akā no ka mea ua ulu ka ʻenehana e nā lele a me nā palena.

He hihia kēia o ka hoʻokele waiwai wahie mīkini liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻokele maʻemaʻe a me ka mana mīkini nui ke makemake ʻoe.

I ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hana kiʻekiʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie haʻahaʻa, aneane koi ʻia nā ʻenekinia e hoʻolālā i kā lākou mau mīkini hou me ka ʻenehana turbocharged.

Pehea e hiki ai i ka turbo ke hana hou aku me ka liʻiliʻi?

Aia nā mea a pau i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā ʻenekini, no laila e kamaʻilio liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka ʻenehana. No nā ʻenekini ʻaila, ʻo ka 14.7:1 ea-fuel ratio e hōʻoia i ka hoʻopau piha ʻana o nā mea a pau i loko o ka cylinder. ʻO ka wai ʻē aʻe ma mua o kēia, he paulele ka wahie.

I loko o ka ʻenekini aspirated maoli, ʻo ka ʻūhā hapa i hana ʻia e ka piston iho e huki i ka ea i loko o ka cylinder, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaomi maikaʻi ʻole i loko e huki i ka ea ma o nā kiwi komo. He ala maʻalahi ia e hana ai, akā ua kaupalena ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ea, e like me ke kanaka me ka hiamoe hiamoe.

Ma ka engine turbocharged, ua kākau hou ʻia ka puke lula. Ma mua o ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka hopena ʻawaʻawa o kahi piston, hoʻohana ka ʻenekini turbocharged i ka pā ea e hoʻolei i ka ea i loko o ka cylinder, e like me ka pale ʻana i ka hiamoe apnea e hoʻokuke i ka ea i kou ihu.

ʻOiai hiki i nā turbochargers ke hoʻopaʻa i ka ea a hiki i ka 5 bar (72.5 psi) ma luna o ke kaomi lewa maʻamau, ma nā kaʻa alanui e hana maʻamau lākou i kahi kaomi hoʻomaha o 0.5 a 1 bar (7 a 14 psi).

ʻO ka hopena kūpono ʻo ia ma ka 1 bar o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, loaʻa i ka ʻenekini ʻelua ka nui o ka ea e like me ka mea i hoʻoulu ʻia.

'O ia ho'i, hiki i ka 'enekini ho'okele ke ho'okomo i 'elua 'oi aku ka nui o ka wahie me ka mālama 'ana i ka lākiō ea-wahie maika'i, e hana ana i ka pahū nui loa.

Akā ʻo ia wale nō ka hapalua o nā hoʻopunipuni a ka turbocharger. E hoohalike kakou i ka 4.0-lita me ka 2.0-lita turbocharged engine me ka hooikaika ikaika o 1 bar, me ka manao ua like laua ma ke ano o ka enehana.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wahie ma ka ʻenekini 4.0-lita ma ka hana ʻole a ma lalo o ka ukana māmā, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mīkini 2.0-lita. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻo ia ma kahi ākea ākea throttle, e hoʻohana ka ʻenekini turbocharged i ka nui o ka ea a me ka wahie hiki - ʻelua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mīkini aspirated kūlohelohe o ka neʻe like, a i ʻole like me ka 4.0-lita maoli.

ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka mīkini turbocharged hiki ke holo i kēlā me kēia wahi mai kahi liʻiliʻi 2.0 lita a i ʻehā lita ikaika no ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana.

No laila, he hihia o ka ʻenekini wahie hoʻokele waiwai no ka hoʻokele haʻahaʻa a me ka mana ʻenekini nui ke makemake ʻoe.

Pehea ke akamai o ia?

E like me ke kūpono i ka pōkā kālā ʻenehana, ʻo ka turbocharger ponoʻī he akamai. Ke holo ka ʻenekini, hele nā ​​kinoea hoʻopau i loko o ka turbine, e wili ai i ka wikiwiki - ma waena o 75,000 a 150,000 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia minuke.

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka turbine i ka ea compressor, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka wili ʻana o ka turbine, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka compressor e milo ai, e omo ana i ka ea hou a koi ʻia i loko o ka ʻenekini.

Ke hana nei ka turbo ma kahi unahi hoʻoheheʻe, ma muli o ka ikaika o kou kaomi ʻana i ka pedal kinoea. I ka palaualelo, ʻaʻole lawa ke kinoea hoʻopau no ka piʻi ʻana o ka turbine i ka wikiwiki kūpono, akā i kou wikiwiki ʻana, wili ka turbine a hoʻoikaika.

Inā ʻoe e paʻi me kou wāwae ʻākau, e hoʻonui ʻia nā kinoea hoʻopau, e hoʻopaʻa i ka nui o ka ea hou i loko o nā cylinders.

No laila he aha ka hopu?

Aia kekahi mau kumu ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻokele i nā kaʻa turbocharged no nā makahiki, e hoʻomaka ana me ka paʻakikī.

E like me kāu e noʻonoʻo ai, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi mea hiki ke milo ma 150,000 RPM i kēlā me kēia lā no nā makahiki me ka pahū ʻole, a pono ia i nā ʻāpana pipiʻi.

Pono nā Turbines i ka aila a me ka wai i hoʻolaʻa ʻia, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ke koʻikoʻi ma luna o nā ʻōnaehana lubrication a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana o ka mīkini.

Ke wela ka ea i loko o ka turbocharger, pono nā mea hana e hoʻokomo i nā intercoolers e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana o ka ea e komo ana i ka cylinder. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ea wela ma mua o ka ea anu, e hōʻole ana i nā pono o ka turbocharger a hiki ke hōʻeha i ka pōʻino a me ka pahū mua ʻana o ka huila wahie/ea.

ʻO ka hemahema nui loa o ka turbocharging, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻike ʻia ʻo lag. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, pono ʻoe e hoʻolalelale a hana i kahi pauku e kiʻi i ka turbo e hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana i ke kaomi hoʻoikaika koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua like nā kaʻa turbo mua me kahi hoʻololi lohi - ʻaʻohe mea, ʻaʻohe mea, ʻaʻohe mea.

ʻO nā holomua ʻē aʻe o ka ʻenehana turbo ua hoʻomāliʻi i ka ʻino loa o nā hiʻohiʻona lohi o ka turbocharged Saabs a me Porsches mua, me nā vanes hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka turbine e neʻe ma muli o ke kaomi hoʻopau, a me ka māmā, nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hōʻemi i ka inertia.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hana ʻoi loa i mua o ka turbocharging - ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i kēia manawa - i nā heihei F1, kahi e mālama ai kahi kaʻa uila liʻiliʻi i ka turbo e wili, e hōʻemi ana i ka manawa e wili ai.

Pēlā nō, i ka World Rally Championship, kahi ʻōnaehana i kapa ʻia ʻo anti-lag e hoʻolei pololei i ka hui ʻana o ka ea a me ka wahie i loko o ka exhaust ma mua o ka turbocharger. ʻO ka wela nui o ka hoʻopau ʻana e pahū ai me ka ʻole o kahi pahu huna, hana i nā kinoea hoʻopau a mālama i ka turbocharger e paila.

Akā pehea e pili ana i nā turbodiesels?

I ka hiki ʻana i ka turbocharging, he ʻano kūikawā nā diesel. He pahu lima lima maoli kēia, no ka mea, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana, ʻaʻole e maʻa mau nā ʻenekini diesel e like me lākou.

Hiki i nā diesel aspirated kūlohelohe ke hāʻawi i ka torque haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, akā ma laila kahi e pau ai kā lākou mau talena. Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana, hiki i nā diesel ke hoʻonui i kā lākou torque a hauʻoli i nā pōmaikaʻi like me kā lākou mau hui.

Ua kūkulu ʻia nā ʻenekini diesel e Tonka Tough e mālama i nā ukana nui a me nā mahana i loko, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopaʻa maʻalahi i ke kaomi keu o ka turbo.

ʻO nā ʻenekini diesel āpau - hoʻoulu maoli ʻia a supercharged - hana ma ka puhi ʻana i ka wahie i ka ea nui i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana lean combustion.

ʻO ka manawa wale nō e hoʻokokoke mai ai nā ʻenekini diesel i makemake ʻia i ka hui ʻana o ka ea a me ka wahie "kūpono" i ka wā e hāmama ākea ai nā injectors.

No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahie diesel ma mua o ka ʻaila, ke puhi ʻia me ka nui ʻole o ka ea, hana ʻia ka nui o ka soot, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻāpana diesel. Ma ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka cylinder me ka ea, hiki i nā turbodiesels ke pale i kēia pilikia.

No laila, ʻoiai he hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi loa ka turbocharging no nā ʻenekini ʻaila, ʻo kāna kīpē maoli e hoʻopakele ai i ka ʻenekini diesel mai ka lilo ʻana i relic hū. ʻOiai ʻo "Dieselgate" i kekahi hihia hiki ke hoʻokō i kēia.

Pehea kou manaʻo e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā turbochargers i ko lākou ala i loko o nā kaʻa ʻehā huila? E haʻi mai iā mākou ma nā manaʻo ma lalo nei.