He aha ka sedan, nā ʻano a me nā papa o kahi kino kaʻa kaulana
Nā mea
Inā loaʻa kahi manaʻo o kahi kaʻa maʻamau, a laila pono ke ʻano kino sedan. ʻO ia ʻano hoʻonohonoho he mea kupanaha loa ia ma ka ʻāina i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ʻoi loa o ka kaʻa ma ka honua - ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a ma ʻaneʻi ma Rūsia, kahi e ulu nei ka hoʻokele kaʻa nui, ʻoiai ma ka wikiwiki, akā i kēia manawa.
ʻO nā mea huna o ia kaulana, ʻaʻole ʻo ke ʻano o ke kino kūleʻa a kūpono hoʻi, pono e noʻonoʻo pono.
No ke aha i kapa ʻia ai ke kaʻa he sedan
Wahi a nā ʻano like ʻole, loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo Latin a i ʻole Farani. I ka hihia mua, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa o ke kino i ka lawe ʻana i nā mea kaʻa, no ka mea, ʻo ke kumu o ka huaʻōlelo ʻo ia ka "noho", ʻo ia ka consonant ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkini.
ʻO kēia ka inoa o ka mea hoʻokele kaʻa ma luna o ke kanaka, a ʻo ka lua o ka mana e pili ana i ka hale hana kaʻa ma ke kūlanakauhale Farani o Sedan.
Ua paʻa ka inoa a hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā ʻāina he nui, ʻoiai aia nā inoa ʻē aʻe, ʻO Sedana ai ole ia, sedan. ʻAʻohe lokahi ma nā huaʻōlelo.
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka sedan a me ke kaʻa kaʻa, hatchback a me ka coupe
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui i loaʻa i nā sedans ʻo ka hele ʻana o kahi kino kikoʻī ʻekolu-volume. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāpana mua no ka mana mana, ʻo ka lua e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he kaʻa kaʻa, a ʻo ke kolu i manaʻo wale ʻia no nā ukana, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā mea kaʻa e kahi ʻāpana hiki ʻole.
ʻO kaʻoihana kiʻekiʻe loa o nā sedans no ka laweʻana i nā mea kaʻa e hoʻoholo i nā pono nui o ia mau kino:
- ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ukana mai nā poʻe kaʻa me kahi puʻupuʻu paʻa nui e hoʻonui nui i ko lākou hōʻoluʻolu, nā leo a me nā ʻala mai ke kumu ʻaʻole e komo i loko o ka hale;
- ka kaupalena ʻana i ka nui o ka hale kaʻa wale nō e ka ʻoluʻolu o ka hoʻokipa ʻana i nā mea kaʻa a ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻolālā maikaʻi i ka loko a hāʻawi i kahi microclimate i hāʻawi ʻia, pinepine multi-zone, kaʻawale no kēlā me kēia;
- He mea maʻalahi loa ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻano kino paʻa, kahi hopena maikaʻi i ka lawelawe ʻana;
- ʻike ʻia ka palekana o ka poʻe kaʻa e nā ʻāpana nui e hoʻopau i ka ikehu i loko o ke keʻena ʻenekini a me ka pahu.
Pono ʻoe e uku no ka hōʻoluʻolu, no laila aia kekahi mau hemahema i kēia hoʻonohonoho e pili ana i nā kino kaulana ʻē aʻe:
- Hoʻopili he mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma mua o kahi sedan, i alakaʻi i kona kaulana i nā kūlanakauhale;
- Wagon me nā ana like, hiki iā ia ke lawe i nā ukana ʻoi aku ka mahalo i ka superstructure ma kahi i kaupalena ʻia ai ka leo o kahi sedan e ka poʻi kumu ma lalo o ka pukaaniani hope;
- Nā lihi Loaʻa iā ia ka hana aerodynamic maikaʻi loa ma muli o ka puka aniani hope loa, kahi e hoʻokokoke ai ke kino i kahi ʻano streamlined kūpono;
- Nā kino a pau, koe wale no ka sedan, loaʻa i ka maikaʻi hana ma ka 'ōlelo o ke kaumaha, i kekahi manawa paʻa, e like me ka hatchback, i kekahi manawa e pili ana i ka payload (station kaʻa), a ma ka papa o haʻuki coupes - ma ka mana i ke kaumaha.
ʻIke ʻia, ʻike ʻia ke kaʻa kaʻa ukana a me ka poʻe paʻa e kāna mau leo ʻelua a me ke kū ʻana o nā pou kino ʻē aʻe me ka helu like o nā puka ʻaoʻao (hiki ke loaʻa ʻelua a ʻehā paha), he pōkole hope ka hatchback, a He puka ʻē aʻe ko lāua ʻelua ma hope, i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa ʻo ke poʻi kumu ma ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike me kahi sedan, ʻoiai he puka piha kēia me nā mea aniani a me nā lako kukui.
ʻO ka coupe i kekahi manawa kokoke loa i ke ʻano o ka sedan, ʻoi aku ka haʻuki, akā ʻokoʻa mau ia i ka hale o ke kino a me ka puka makani hope, i hoʻopaʻa nui ʻia i hope, a me ka pahu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole kona hele ʻole.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka helu o nā puka ʻaoʻao ke hōʻailona pau loa; aia nā sedans ʻelua-puka a me nā coupes ʻehā. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka coupe interior, ʻaʻohe mea hōʻoluʻolu no nā poʻe holo hope.
Nā ʻano kaʻa kaʻa ma muli o ke ʻano kino
ʻO ka mahele o nā sedans i loko o nā subclasses i kekahi manawa he manaʻo koʻikoʻi, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hōʻike ʻana i nā kino i ka laina o ka hoʻohālike like, nā kaʻa kūʻokoʻa me kā lākou hoʻolaha ponoʻī a me ka papa inoa o nā kumukūʻai, a maʻemaʻe theoretical, hoihoi wale i nā loea automotive a me nā poʻe aloha. o.
Kuʻuna
ʻO ka mea kupanaha, hiki i kahi sedan maʻamau ke kaʻa i hōʻailona ʻole ʻia i nā kikoʻī ʻekolu-volume. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi keʻena ukana insulated ma hope me kona poʻi ponoʻī ua lawa. Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia kēia e nā koi o ka aerodynamics a i ʻole ke ʻano.
Notchback
No ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ka huaʻōlelo, a, ʻoi loa ka ʻōlelo ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kahi sedan maʻamau.
Hōʻike kēia i ka haʻihaʻi ʻana ma waena o ka puka aniani hope a me ka poʻi kumu ʻāpae.
ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki i ka notchback ke ʻelua-volume. Eia naʻe, ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole i aʻa ka manaʻo, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia.
ʻO Fastback
Hōʻike ke kumu mua o kēia huaʻōlelo i kona ʻano, ʻo ka wikiwiki ke ʻano o ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki. No laila ka makemake i ke kino waimaka.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hāʻawi ʻia kahi laʻana o ka lōʻihi o ka makahiki, akā milestone Soviet kaʻa Pobeda, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he sedan maʻamau, akā ʻoi aku ka pololei o ke kapa ʻana iā ia he fastback. Akā ʻo ka lanakila ʻaʻole ia he notchback, he kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi ia o ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā papa mele ma waena o ʻAmelika a me ke koena o ka honua.
Hardtop
ʻO ke kino mai ka wā kiʻekiʻe o nā kaʻa nui a nani, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he ʻano o ka fastback, akā ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia kona ʻano haʻuki ma muli o ka ʻole a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā pou B. Ua hana kēia i ka ea o ka silhouette a me ka wikiwiki o ka helehelena. Ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia e nā puka puka ʻole.
No nā kumu palekana, ʻaʻole hiki ke lōʻihi kēia, a ua kakaikahi nā hardtops. Pono ke kino e paʻa loa, a hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻolālā ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me ke pena a me ka pena.
Sedan lōʻihi huila
Loaʻa nā mana lōʻihi o nā kaʻa maʻamau, maʻamau me ʻelua a ʻekolu paha kumu huila (ka mamao ma waena o nā axles), a me nā kaʻa hana kūikawā.
Ma ka huli ʻana, ua māhele pinepine ʻia lākou i nā kikoʻī, i hoʻopau ʻia mai nā hiʻohiʻona nui ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻokomo i nā kino, a i loko o nā limousines, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā manawa pōkole pōkole.
Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau kaʻa āpau e ka leo kaʻa nui, e hāʻawi ana i ka hōʻoluʻolu kūikawā no nā mea holo hope a i ʻole e hoʻokipa i nā lālani o nā noho. I loko o nā limousines, kau lākou i kahi ʻāpana mai ka mea hoʻokele a me ka mea holo mua.
Pā-ʻelua
ʻO ka maʻamau, ua kapa ʻia nā sedans me nā puka ʻaoʻao ʻelua coupes. Akā, ua neʻe mālie ka coupe mai ka manaʻo o kahi kaʻa kaʻa wale nō a kū i waho i kahi papa ʻokoʻa. No laila, ʻo kekahi wale nō o lākou e pili ana i nā sedans, me ka ʻole o ka pretension iā Gran Turismo a i ʻole nā haʻuki.
ʻAʻole loa i hana ʻia kēlā mau kaʻa, no ka mea, ua pau nā coupe i nā ʻano ʻelua-puka o nā sedans, akā, ma ke ʻano ʻē aʻe, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou i ke kumukūʻai a me ka hanohano, ua nalowale ka hana. No laila, ua nalowale nā sedans ʻelua-puka mai ka moʻo nui.
Liftback
Inā he puka aniani hope loa ka sedan, a he kiʻekiʻe ke poʻi o ke kumu, ʻoiai he pōkole ke keʻena, a laila ua kapa ʻia ke kino he liftback.
I kekahi manawa wehe ʻia ka puka makani hope, kahi e huikau ai ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi sedan a me kahi hatchback lōʻihi.
ʻehā puka coupe
E like me ka mea i haʻi mua ʻia, hiki i kahi coupe ke loaʻa i ʻehā mau ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao, akā ʻoiai ʻo ka sloping roof ma ka hope a me ka sloping window window, ʻo ke ʻano o kahi keʻena ukana insulated kaʻawale me kahi poʻi ʻokoʻa e hiki ai ke hoʻopili i kēlā kino i nā sedans.
Nā ʻano kaʻa kaʻa ma ka papa
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia moʻomeheu kaʻa kona hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kaʻa kaʻa ma ka nui a me ka māhele mākeke. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke kino, ʻo ia ka mea kūpono ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā sedans.
A-papa
Ma muli o ka pōkole holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3,8 mika, aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi kino ʻekolu-volume i kēia papa, koe wale nō ke hoʻāʻo nei kekahi mau mea hana hikina e hana i nā hiʻohiʻona like no kekahi mau mākeke.
Ma ke koena o ka honua, ʻaʻole kūʻai ʻia kēia mau mīkini a ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā mea kūʻai.
Papa B
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lōʻihi i 4,4 mau mika e ʻae i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi sedan. ʻOi aku no nā ʻāina kahi i kaulana ai kēia ʻano kino. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ka Lada Granta home.
Papa-C
Hāʻawi ʻia nā sedans piha piha me ka lōʻihi a hiki i 4,6 mika e nā mea hana he nui.
ʻOiai ma ka māhele premium, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kaʻa Mercedes hatchback liʻiliʻi loa, a me nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa e like me ka Volkswagen Jetta.
Papa-D
ʻO nā sedans maʻamau i ke kumukūʻai kūpono, ʻaʻole naʻe nā papa ʻoihana, akā ʻaʻole nā kaʻa pono maʻalahi.
No ka laʻana, BMW 3 series a i ʻole Mercedes-Benz W205. Manaʻo ʻia ka papa he ʻohana a me ke ao holoʻokoʻa, hiki i nā kaʻa ke kālā a i ʻole ka uku.
E-papa
ʻO ka papa ʻoihana e like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ʻEulopa i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Hiki i ka lōʻihi ke hiki i 5 mika, ʻoluʻolu nā kaʻa a ʻaʻole maʻalahi.
Maanei hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ka Lexus ES, ka Toyota Camry kokoke iā ia, a me ka papa E mai Mercedes a me ka BMW 5-series.
F-papa
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohālikelike, nā kaʻa hoʻokō a me nā kaʻa nani. S-papa Mercedes, BMW 7, Porsche Panamera a me na mea like.
No ia mau mīkini, i kekahi manawa ua hana kūikawā ʻia nā hōʻailona ʻokoʻa i loko o nā hopohopo. ʻO kēia nā hae hae o ka lineup, nā kaʻa hanohano pipiʻi no ka poʻe liʻiliʻi.
ʻO nā sedans wikiwiki loa ma ka honua
ʻO ka maʻamau, hana ʻia kēlā mau kaʻa no ka hanohano, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe mea e alualu koʻikoʻi iā lākou.
ʻAʻole ia he coincidence i kēia manawa ua lilo ke kaʻa uila Tesla Model S P100D i ka wikiwiki loa. ʻO 2,7 kekona a i hoʻokahi haneli ʻaʻole maopopo e pili ana i ka hōʻoluʻolu, he mea nui ia no kahi sedan.
Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i nā kaʻa me kahi ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko maʻamau. ʻO Mercedes-AMG, Porsche Panamera Turbo, BMW M760 - ʻoiai me ka ʻole o ka wehewehe ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ʻo nā ʻano kikoʻī i ka inoa ke manaʻo o ka mana a me ka hanohano.
A i nā heihei maoli, lanakila nā hatchback i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻoi aku me ka holo kaʻa holoʻokoʻa.
