He aha ka pahu pahu mīkini (kumu, wahi a me ka hoʻolālā)

ʻIke ʻia ka manaʻo pili o kahi pahu pahu i nā poʻe a pau i aʻo liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kahi mīkini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko (ICE). Akā, manaʻo ka poʻe he hoʻokahi wale nō ʻāpana i hūnā ʻia ma lalo o ia mea, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻaila pan. ʻO ka manaʻo maʻamau ka manaʻo, ʻaʻole ia he ʻāpana kikoʻī a i ʻole hui, akā ʻo ia ka wahi holoʻokoʻa o ka kaʻa ma lalo o nā cylinders.

No ke aha e pono ai ka ʻenekini i kahi crankcase

I ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa, hoʻohana ʻia ka crankcase e ʻimi ai i kahi ʻauʻau aila i loko a me nā ʻāpana he nui e hōʻoia i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana lubrication.

Akā no ka mea e noho ana ia i kahi leo koʻikoʻi, aia i loko o ia mea he nui nā mīkini ʻē aʻe i loaʻa:

• crankshaft me kona mau bearings a me nā moena kau i hoʻolei ʻia i loko o ka poloka;
• nā kikoʻī o ka ʻōnaehana ventila o nā kinoea i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hana;
• sila lehelehe ma na wahi puka o ka mua a me ka hope o ka crankshaft;
• e hoʻopaʻa i nā apo hapalua, e hoʻoponopono i ke kumu mai ka neʻe ʻana i ka longitudinal;
• ʻaila pauma me ka kānana koʻikoʻi;
• nā aʻa kaulike e kaulike ana i ke ʻano crank o nā ʻenekini i kaulike ʻole ʻia;
• nā nozzles no ka lubrication hou a me ka hoʻoluʻu piston;
• ʻaila ʻaila a me ka ʻaila pae ʻike.

Ua hoʻohana pū ʻia nā motika haʻahaʻa kahiko i kahi camshaft i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka pahu crankcase, a ua hoʻokele ʻia nā kiwi ma o nā pushers ma ke ʻano o nā koʻokoʻo e hele ana i ke poʻo o ka poloka.

Kūkulu

ʻO ka maʻamau ka crankcase i ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka poloka cylinder a pili iā ia ma o ka gasket sump.

Akā aia kekahi mau hoʻolālā paʻakikī, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai kahi pā waena i ka poloka mai lalo, e uhi ana i nā moena o ka crankshaft me nā bearings nui. No laila me ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka poloka, hāʻawi ʻia ka rigidity hou, he mea nui ia no ka hana lōʻihi o ka hui piston.

He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no nā ʻenekini i hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana māmā, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka poloka i ʻike ʻole ʻia e alakaʻi i ka ʻaʻahu cylinder ʻole a me ka scuffing.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻaila ʻaila ma lalo a i ʻole ma lalo o ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka crankshaft, a ma ia hihia e alakaʻi ʻia e kahi kaulahao ʻokoʻa mai ka sprocket crankshaft. Hiki ke waiho ʻia nā mea kaulike i loko o nā moena kumu a i hui pū ʻia i loko o kahi monoblock me kahi ʻaila ʻaila haʻahaʻa, e hana ana i kahi module hana piha.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka rigidity o ka hale e nā fins cast a me nā baffles ʻē aʻe, kahi e hiki ai ke hana ʻia nā lua e hōʻemi i ka pau ʻana mai ka lalo o nā pistons.

Wehe ʻia ka wela ma o ke kaʻa ʻana o ka aila, no ka mea, i kekahi manawa ua hoʻolei ʻia ka pā mai kahi huila māmā me nā ʻili hoʻomaha. Akā ʻoi aku ka pinepine o ka pallet i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ke kila lahilahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi i ka hopena o ka hopena mai ka paʻi ʻana i nā mea pale.

Nā ʻano pahu pahu

Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻenekini, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā hana hou i ka pahu crankcase.

pahu pahu ʻenekini ʻelua-ʻau

I nā ʻenekini ʻelua-stroke, hoʻohana ʻia ka crankcase e hoʻopili mua i ka hui ʻana. ʻOmo ʻia i loko o ka hakahaka o lalo o ka piston i ka wā o ka paʻi ʻana i loko o ka cylinder.

I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i lalo o ka piston, piʻi ke kaomi ma lalo o ia, a i ka wā e wehe ai ke kahawai bypass i ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka cylinder, holo ka wahie i hui pū ʻia me ka ea i ke keʻena kuni. No laila nā koi no ka paʻa ʻana o ka crankcase, ka hiki ʻana o kahi valve inlet a me nā sila manamana wāwae crankshaft kiʻekiʻe.

ʻAʻohe ʻauʻau aila, a lawe ʻia ka lubrication ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi nui o ka aila ʻelua-stroke kūikawā i ka hui hana, a laila e puhi ʻia me ka ʻaila.

ʻEhā pahu pahu ʻenekini

Me ka pōʻaiapuni ʻehā-stroke, hiki i ka wahie ke komo i loko o ka pahu crankcase wale nō ke loaʻa kahi hana ʻino. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, lawelawe ia e mālama i ka ʻauʻau aila, kahi e kahe ai ma hope o ka hele ʻana i nā kahawai a me nā pālua friction.

Aia ma ka lalo o ka puʻu kahi ʻaila ʻaila o ka paila me kahi kānana mesh. ʻIke ʻia kahi mamao ma waena o nā mea hoʻohālikelike crankshaft a me ke aniani ʻaila i mea e pale ai i ka huʻa ʻana i ka hoʻopili ʻana.

pahu pahu pahu pahu

I nā mīkini pahu pahu, ʻo ka crankcase ka mea mana nui e hoʻopaʻakikī i ka poloka holoʻokoʻa. I ka manawa like, he paʻa ia, e hāʻawi ana i kekahi o nā pono o ka "boxer" kaʻa - kahi kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e hōʻemi ana i ke kikowaena o ka nui o ke kaʻa.

He aha ka sump maloʻo

Hiki ke komo i ka aila ma ke ʻano o ka ʻauʻau i hoʻopiha ʻia i kahi pae wale nō ma lalo o nā kūlana static a kokoke paha. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kaʻa haʻuki ke hāʻawi i kekahi mea e like me kēia, ʻike lākou i ka wikiwiki ikaika mau i nā ʻaoʻao āpau, ʻo ia ke kumu e loaʻa ai ka ʻaila ma nā wahi āpau, akā ʻaʻole i ka mea lawe ʻaila ʻaila ma lalo o ka sump.

No laila, lawe ʻia ka ʻōnaehana lubrication ma laila me ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo dry sump, i ka wā ʻaʻole e liʻiliʻi ka ʻaila ma lalo, akā e kiʻi koke ʻia e kekahi mau pamu ikaika, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka lewa a paʻi ʻia i nā mea kūʻai.

ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻōnaehana, akā ʻaʻohe ala ʻē aʻe. E like me ka mokulele, kahi ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka manaʻo o luna a me lalo, pono e hana ka ʻenekini i ka lele hoʻohuli.

Nā haki maʻamau

ʻO ka pilikia nui me ka pahu crankcase ʻo ia ke kuʻi ʻana i kahi mea pale, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi niho ma ka pallet. ʻO ka pōʻino loa, e pohā a neʻe paha, nalowale ka ʻaila, a me ka ʻole, he mau kekona wale nō ke ola.

E hoʻomālamalama ʻia kahi hōʻailona ʻulaʻula i mua o ka mea hoʻokele ma ka ʻaoʻao mea kani, a laila pono ʻoe e hoʻopau koke i ka ʻenekini, me ke kali ʻole e lilo i monolith.

I kekahi manawa ua paʻa ka pahu crankcase ma hope o ka hopena, akā ke hōʻailona nei ke kukui i kahi hāʻule o ke kaomi. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻo ka deformation elastic o ka sump ka mea i haki ai ka pahu lawe aila, i hana pinepine ʻia me ka alumini alumini.

E komo ka pamu i ka ea a e hāʻule ka ʻōnaehana lubrication. Ua like ka hopena - ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke neʻe iā ʻoe iho me ka hoʻoponopono ʻole.

Palekana pahu pahu mīkini

ʻO kēlā me kēia kaʻa kaʻa o ke kaʻa, hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia. No ka pale ʻana i ka haʻalele ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēlā me kēia hihia, ʻimi ʻia ka crankcase e pale ʻia.

Ma nā kaʻa a me nā crossovers, ʻaʻole like me nā SUV, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pale ʻana mai nā splashes mai lalo o nā huila. ʻAʻole kōkua nā pale plastik i ka wā e paʻi i ka pōhaku. No laila, hoʻokomo ʻia ka pale paʻa metala e like me nā mea hana hou.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke uhaki i loko o ia mea, akā me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea ʻoʻoleʻa a hoʻopili ʻia i kahi subframe mana, e hana ʻia kēlā ʻano hoʻolālā e like me ka ski, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ke alo holoʻokoʻa o ke kaʻa. Hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hiki ke ola no ke kaʻa.

Palekana pahu pahu. Ke pale nei ka pahu crankcase i ka ʻenekini?

Hana ʻia ka pepa pale mai ka pepa kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, 2-3 mm mānoanoa, a i ʻole ʻelua paha ka mānoanoa o ka alumini. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka koho hope, akā ʻoi aku ka uku.

Hiki i ka poʻe makemake e uku no ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻohana iā Kevlar. I ka lawelawe ʻana i ka ʻenekini, hiki ke maʻalahi ka wehe ʻana i ka pale pale, a ʻo nā slots a me nā puka i hana ʻia i loko e hāʻawi i ka hoʻololi wela e pono ai, ʻaʻole makemake ʻia e overheat ka ʻaila.