He aha ke ʻano o nā helu melemele ma nā kaʻa ma Rūsia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe
Nā mea
ʻO nā kaʻa me nā palapala laikini melemele ma Rūsia, e like me nā lula o ke kaʻa, he nui nā pono. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i nā mea hoʻohana alanui āpau i hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻa no ka lawe ʻana i nā mea holo a loaʻa iā ia kahi laikini no kēia ʻano hana.
Hoʻoponopono kēlā me kēia moku'āina i ke kūlana o nā hōʻailona kaʻa, e noʻonoʻo ana i nā ʻano o ka hana ʻāina. I kekahi mau ʻāina, ʻo nā helu melemele ma nā kaʻa ke manaʻo nei e pili ana ke kaʻa i kekahi mau lawelawe, ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe he hoʻohanohano wale nō ia i nā kuʻuna, ma nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka heluhelu ʻana. E noʻonoʻo pono kākou i ke ʻano o nā helu melemele ma ke kaʻa ma ka Russian Federation, kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa.
He aha nā mea o lākou
Wahi a ke kūlana aupuni, ma ka Russian Federation hiki i nā palapala laikini āpau ke ʻelima kala. Pili kēia i ke kāʻei kua maʻamau e kūʻē i nā huaʻōlelo i kīkē ʻia. Hiki ke ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo paha nā leka a me nā helu.
A hiki i ka makahiki 2002, ua hoʻopuka ʻia nā helu melemele ma ke kaʻa ma Rusia, Belarus, Ukraine i nā kamaʻāina ʻē a i ʻole nā kānaka ʻāina ʻole.
No ke kuhikuhi. ʻO ka poʻe mokuʻāina ʻole he poʻe kupa ʻole a lāhui ʻole. ʻO nā poʻe noho ma mua o nā ʻāina i pau i ka noho ʻana no nā kumu like ʻole (annexation, occupation, etc.).
Nā papa laikini melemele no nā kaʻa ma Kazakhstan
Ma hope o 2002, ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻo GOST ma ka ʻāina. I kēia lā, kau ʻia nā helu melemele ma Rūsia ma luna o nā kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i nā kaʻa, hana i nā pono lehulehu (nā kaʻa ʻōpala, nā mīkini wai, nā hau hau).
I Rusia
I ka makahiki mua o 2002, ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ʻo GOST i ka Russian Federation. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia ʻano maʻamau: hoʻohana wale ʻia nā helu melemele ma nā kaʻa e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i nā kānaka. Hiki ke kaʻa kaʻa, kaʻa kaʻa ala paʻa, kaʻa kaʻa lehulehu.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻikepili palapala laikini no nā hui kaʻa a me nā poʻe e hana ana ma ke kahua o ka lawe kaʻa. Akā ma kēlā me kēia māhele o ka Russian Federation aia kekahi mau kapu i ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ia mau helu. No ka laʻana, e hāʻawi ʻia ka papa inoa melemele i ka mea hoʻokele inā ua pena melemele ke kaʻa i manaʻo ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i ka poʻe kaʻa a i ʻole nā kaha melemele ʻike.
ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi i hāʻawi ʻia e ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia hōʻailona he kūpono ma ka ʻāina o ka Russian Federation.
I loko
Ma UK, hiki i ka papa inoa inoa ma ke kaʻa ma ke keʻokeʻo a me ka melemele. Akā inā hiki ke helu hope i kekahi mea, a laila keʻokeʻo wale nō ke kua o ka mua. Pili kēia hāʻawi i ke kānāwai BS AU 145d, e kuhikuhi ana e hoʻolako i ke kaʻa me nā papa helu reflective i ʻike ʻia i ka pō.
Mai ka makahiki 1973, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻāina e hoʻokomo hou i nā helu mua. Akā,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomālamalamaʻia nā papa hope me nā kumu kukui keʻokeʻo, iʻole e makapō i nā mea hoʻokele hope. No laila, ua hoʻoholo ke aupuni e hoʻohana i nā kukui a me nā papa inoa ma hope i ka ʻalani māmā.
I Belarus
Ma Belarus, hōʻike nā palapala laikini kala ma ke kaʻa e hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻa e lawe i nā mea holo. I kēia hihia, e maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻailona: kahi helu, ʻekolu leka, ʻehā helu. A hiki i ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻohana nā hui ʻē aʻe i ka melemele a me ka ʻalani, a ua hāʻawi ʻia nā hōʻailona i nā misionari diplomatic a me nā consulates.
I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe papa diplomatic o kēia kala i waiho ʻia ma nā alanui: ʻo nā ʻelele a me nā mikiona haole ka mea mua i hoʻololi i nā hōʻailona ma kahi ʻulaʻula.
Ma Kazakhstan
Ma Kazakhstan, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā palapala laikini kala ma ke kaʻa e hōʻike ana ua lawe ʻia ke kaʻa i loko o ka repubalika mai nā ʻāina ʻo EAEU a loaʻa iā ia kahi hoʻopaʻa inoa manawa. Ua hoʻonohonoho ke aupuni i kahi manawa o 1 makahiki no nā mea nona ia mau kaʻa no ka hoʻopaʻa inoa piha a me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana me ka papa inoa mokuʻāina.
He aha nā pōmaikaʻi o nā helu ma Rusia
ʻO nā kaʻa me nā palapala laikini melemele ma Rūsia, e like me nā lula o ke kaʻa, he nui nā pono. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i nā mea hoʻohana alanui āpau i hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻa no ka lawe ʻana i nā mea holo a loaʻa iā ia kahi laikini no kēia ʻano hana. No laila, hiki ke:
- E holo ma kahi alahele i mālama ʻia no ka halihali lehulehu. A ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole e kū i loko o nā kaʻa kaʻa no nā hola he nui.
- Kaʻa kaʻa manuahi ma nā kahua kaʻa kaʻa uku.
I kēia lā, hiki ke lawe ʻia ka halihali kānāwai me ka ʻole e hoʻololi i nā helu keʻokeʻo maʻamau i nā kala kala.
ʻO wai ka mea i hoʻopukaʻia ma Rusia a ma waho
Ma ka Russian Federation, he palapala laikini melemele ma ke kaʻa, ʻo ia ka mea e hana ana ka mea hoʻokele i ka halihali, loaʻa iā ia kahi laikini a hana ma ke kānāwai. Akā ʻaʻole pono ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi palapala laikini kala.
Nā papa haole melemele
Ma ʻEulopa, hoʻohana ʻia nā papa laikini ʻalani māmā e ʻike i nā kaʻa kalepa. Akā ʻike ʻia ka helu hope melemele ma nā kaʻa pilikino.
ʻO kahi hui kānāwai (nā paka kaʻa, nā hui, nā ʻoihana, nā lālā) a me kahi kanaka i loaʻa i ke kūlana o ke kanaka ʻoihana hiki ke hoʻopuka i nā hōʻailona kūikawā ma ka Russian Federation. Pono e loaʻa i ka mea kālepa hoʻokahi ke code OKVED 49.32, kahi kaʻa, kahi kulekele OSAGO me ka māka "taxi".
Hāʻawi ʻia ka laikini IP no 5 mau makahiki. I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kahi noi no ka palapala ʻae, e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā kumu aʻe:
- ʻike hoʻokele - ma kahi o 5 mau makahiki;
- ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka makahiki o ke kaʻa ma mua o 10 mau makahiki.
Pehea e hele ai i Rusia
Ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā palapala laikini kūikawā, pono e loaʻa i ka mea hoʻokele ka laikini no ke kuleana e lawe i nā mea kaʻa. A e hoʻolako pono i kāu kaʻa: e hoʻokomo i nā hōʻailona hōʻailona a me nā beacons "taxi", mīkini nānā, tachometer, a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
Nā palapala laikini Israeli
Pūʻolo o nā palapala:
- ka hua'ōlelo o kahi kamaaina o ka Lūkia;
- USRIP extract (lā hoʻopuka o ka extract - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 30 mau lā i hala);
- nā palapala no ke kaʻa (laikini, palapala hoʻopaʻa inoa, kāleka diagnostic);
- he palapala noi laikini;
- Inikua OSAGO.
No 2020, ʻaʻole pono nā mea hoʻokele kaʻa e hoʻololi i nā helu keʻokeʻo maʻamau i nā helu melemele. He koho ke kaʻina hana hoʻoponopono.
Me ka laikini e hana ai, pili ka mea kaʻa kaʻa i ka ʻoihana makai kaʻa kūloko a huki i kahi palapala noi no ka unuhi a hoʻokomo hou i kahi pā laikini.
He aha ka manaʻo o ka māhele melemele ma ka palapala laikini kaʻa?
Wahi a GOST, ʻo nā hōʻailona e pili ana i ka ʻāina ma ke kua melemele he hōʻailona ia o kahi hōʻailona transit. ʻAʻole i kākau inoa ʻia ke kaʻa me ka mākaʻi kaʻa. Ma waho aʻe o ka waihoʻoluʻu, ʻokoʻa nā transits mai nā papa maʻamau i ke ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo: ʻelua mau leka mua, a laila ʻekolu mau helu, a pau ka helu me kahi leka.
He aha e noʻonoʻo ai ke kūʻai
ʻO nā helu melemele ma ke kaʻa ma ka Russian Federation ʻo ia wale nō ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻa no ka lawe ʻana. Inā kūʻai ʻoe i kaʻa kaʻa, akā ʻaʻohe laikini no kēia ʻano hana, pono ʻoe e wehe i ke kaʻa (e wehe i nā hōʻailona hōʻailona) a hoʻololi i nā hōʻailona kala i keʻokeʻo ma o ka mākaʻi kaʻa.
I ke kūʻai ʻana i kaʻa me nā helu transit, ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻi e kūkākūkā me ka mea nona ka hoʻopaʻa inoa mua ʻana i ka wā hoʻomaʻemaʻe kuʻuna. A kūʻai aku i kahi kaʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻaʻole ma nā helu transit.
